Kelantan Biology Paper 1 Question

SULIT

1

4551/1

Name:………………………………………………… 4551/1 Biology Kertas 1 Sept 2008 1 ¼ jam

Form :………………………………………………….

pkpsm PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2008

BIOLOGY Kertas 1 Satu jam lima belas minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU 1.

Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa.

2.

Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman 2 atau halaman 3.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 19 halaman bercetak

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT

2

4551/1

MAKLUMAT UNTUK CALON 1.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 50 soalan.

2.

Jawab semua soalan.

3.

Jawab dengan menghitamkan ruangan yang betul pada kertas jawapan.

4.

Hitamkan satu ruangan sahaja bagi setiap soalan.

5.

Sekiranya anda hendak menukar jawapan, padam tanda yang telah dibuat. Kemudian hitamkan jawapan baru.

6.

Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukiskan mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan.

7.

Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogram.

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT

3

4551/1

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES 1. These question paper consists of 50 questions. 2. Answer all questions 3. Answer each question by blackening the correct space on the answer sheet. 4. Blacken only one space for each question. 5. If you wish to change your answer, erase the blackened mark that you have made. Then blacken the space for the new answer. 6. The diagrams in the questions provided are not drawn to scale unless stated. 7. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator.

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT 1

4

4551/1

The diagram shows five different cells observed under a microscope. Rajah menunjukkan lima sel yang berbeza, diperhatikan di bawah mikroskop

J

K

N

L

M

Which of the cells are animal cells? Yang manakah berikut adalah sel haiwan? A K, L and M K. L dan M B J, K and N J, K dan N 2

C

J, K and M J, K and M D L, M and N L, M dan N

The diagram shows a unicellular organism. Rajah menunjukkan sejenis organisma unisel.

Water Air Which process is involved in the movement of water as shown in diagram? Apakah proses yang terlibat dalam pergerakan air yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah di atas? A

Diffusion Resapan

C

Active transport Pengangkutan aktif

B

Osmosis Osmosis

D

Facilitated diffusion Resapan berbantu

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT 3

5

4551/1

The diagram show a nucleotide molecule of DNA. Gambarajah menunjukkan satu molekul nukleotida dalam DNA.

P R

Q What are P,Q and R? Apakah P , Q dan R ? P

4

Q

R

A

Pentose sugar Gula Pentos

Nitrogenous base Bes bernitrogen

Phosphate group Kumpulan fosfat

B

Nitrogenous base Bes bernitrogen

Phosphate group Kumpulan fosfat

Pentose sugar Gula Pentos

C

Phosphate group Kumpulan fosfat

Pentose sugar Gula Pentos

Nitrogenous base Bes bernitrogen

D

Pentose sugar Gula Pentos

Phosphate group Kumpulan fosfat

Nitrogenous base Bes bernitrogen

The diagram shows the phases in mitosis. Rajah menunjukkan fasa-fasa dalam mitosis. Metaphase

X

Y

Telophase

Which of the following statements is true about the chromosomes at stages X and Y? Antara pernyataan berikut yang manakah benar tentang kromosom pada peringkat X dan Y ?

Phase X

Phase Y

A

The chromosomes start to shorten and thicken

The chromosomes move to the opposite poles af the cell

B

The chromosomes have replicated

The chromosomes start to elongate and clearly visible

C

The chromosome are at the equator plane

The chromosomes are at the opposite poles in the cell

D

The chromosomes form twin chromatids

The homologous chromosomes are paired

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT 5

6

4551/1

The diagram shows a phase of mitosis taking place in the nucleus of an animal cell. Rajah menunjukkan satu fasa mitosis yang berlaku dalam nucleus pada sel haiwan

What is the phase? Apakah fasa itu? A. Prophase

C

Profasa

Anafasa

B. Metaphase

D

Metafasa

6

Anaphase Telophase Telofasa

The equation shows a process in the formation of disaccharides Persamaan menunjukkan satu proses dalam pembentukkan disakarida

Glucose

+

Glucose

X

Maltose

+

Water

What is process X? Apakah proses X ? A B

Hydrolysis Hidrolisis Condensation Kondensasi

4551/1 ©2008

C

Evaporation Sejatan D Reduction Penurunan

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT 7

7

4551/1

The diagram shows human digestive system. Rajah menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia.

Which of the following does not produce enzyme. Yang manakah berikut tidak menghasilkan enzim.

8

A

P

C

R

B

Q

D

S

The diagram shows an organ labeled P, which is part of the human digestive system. Rajah menunjukkan satu organ berlabel P yang merupakan sebahagian daripada sistem pencernaan manusia.

When a baby drinks milk, what would happen to the milk protein in P? Apabila seorang bayi minum susu, apakah yang akan berlaku kepada protein susu dalam organ P? I

Caseinogen is converted to casein Kaseinogen ditukarkan kepada kasein

II

Pepsin digests the casein to polypeptides Pepsin mencernakan kasein kepada polipeptida

III

The acid hydrolyses the casein to caseinogens Asid menghidrolisiskan kasein kepada kaseinogen

IV

Pepsin digests the protein to amino acids Pepsin mencernakan protein kepada asid amino

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT

9

8

4551/1

A I only B IV only C I and II only D III and IV only Diagram shows the trachea system of an insect. Rajah menunjukkan sistem trakea bagi seekor serangga.

M

L

J

K

Which part does the gaseous exchange occur? Bahagian manakah tempat berlakunya pertukaran gas? A B 10

J K

C D

L M

What is produced during the anaerobic respiration in both human muscles and yeast? Apakah yang dihasilkan dalam respirasi anaerob dalam otot manusia dan yis? A B

11

Ethanol Etanol Heat energy Tenaga haba

C

Lactic acid Asid laktik D Water Air

The diagram shows an interaction between two organisms, X and Y. Rajah menunjukkan interaksi antara organisma X dan Y. X (dead tree)

Y

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT

9

4551/1

What type of interaction between X and Y shown in the diagram? Apakah jenis interaksi tersebut?

12

A Saprophytism Saprofitisma

C

Parasitism Parasitisma

B Mutualism Mutualisma

D

Commensalism Komensalisma

The diagram shows a person with a swollen neck due to the enlargement of a gland. This is caused by deficiency of a certain mineral in the diet. Rajah menunujukkan seorang yang bengkak di leher akibat dari pembesaran satu kelenjar. Ini adalah disebabkan oleh kekurangan satu mineral tertentu dalam diet.

Name the mineral. Namakan mineral itu.

13

A. Ferum Ferum

C

Potassium Kalium

B. Phosphorous Fosforus

D

Iodine Iodin

The depletion of the ozone is as shown by the following reaction. Penipisan lapisan ozon ditunjukkan oleh tindak balas berikut. Gas R Ozone

Oxygen gas

( O3 )

( O2 )

+

Oxygen atom (O)

What is gas R? Apakah gas R? A B

Carbon dioxide Karbon dioxide Chlorine Klorin

4551/1 ©2008

C D

Chlorofluorocarbon Kloroflorokarbon Hydro-chlorofluorocarbon Hidro- kloroflorokarbon [Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT 14

10

4551/1

The diagram shows the emission of various gases by a chemical factory in an industrial area. Gambarajah menunjukkan pengeluaran pelbagai jenis gas dari kilang kimia dalam suatu kawasan perindustrian.

SO2

NO

NO2

Which of the following is the most likely to occur? Antara yang berikut yang mana paling mungkin untuk berlaku? A B

15

Acid rain Hujan asid Global warming Pemanasan global

C D

The greenhouse effect Kesan rumah hijau The thinning of the ozone layer Penipisan lapisan ozon

The diagram shows a sequence in a process carried out by a leucocyte. Rajah menunjukkan urutan dalam satu proses yang dilakukan oleh leukosit. Bacteria bakteria

What is the process? Apakah proses tersebut? A

Phagocytosis Fagositosis

C

Lysis Lisis

B

Agglutination Aglutinasi

D

Neutralisation Peneutralan

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT

11

4551/1

16

Which of the following represents the tissues of an aquatic plant? Antara berikut, tisu manakah membantu sokongan dalam tumbuhan akuatik ?

17

The diagram shows a type of plant tissue. Rajah menunjukkan sejenis tisu tumbuhan.

What is the importance of the thickening of substance X to the plant tissue? Apakah kepentingan penebalan bahan X terhadap tisu tersebut ? A

To transfer photosynthesis products Untuk memindahkan hasil fotosintesis

B

To give turgidity to the tissues Untuk memberikan kesegahan kepada tisu

C

To transfer water and mineral salts Untuk memindahkan air dan garam mineral

D

To give support and mechanical strength Untuk memberikan sokongan dan kekuatan mekanikal

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT 18

12

4551/1

The diagram shows a hinge joint. Rajah menunjukkan sendi engsel pada siku.

P Q

Which of the following tissues joins P to Q ? Di antara berikut yang manakah menghubungkan P dengan Q? A C

19

Fibers Fiber Cartilage Rawan

B D

Tendon Tendon Ligament Ligamen

The diagram shows the structure of a human arm with muscle X and Y. Rajah menunjukkan struktur lengan manusia dengan otot X dan Y.

Which of the following pair of muscles action is true when the arm is straightened? Di antara berikut, pasangan tindakan otot manakah benar apabila lengan diluruskan.

A B C D

4551/1 ©2008

Muscle X Otot X Contracts Mengecut Relaxes Rehat Contracts Mengecut Expands Mengembang

Muscle Y Otot Y Relaxes Rehat Contracts Mengecut Expands Mengembang Contracts Mengecut

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT 20

13

4551/1

The diagram shows a reflex arc. Rajah menunjukkan suatu arka refleks.

S

What is S ? Apakah S ?

21

22

A

Ventral root Akar ventral

C

Grey matter Jirim kelabu

B

Ganglion Ganglion

D

Dorsal root Akar dorsal

A boy is born normal but suffers from dwarfism since childhood. The suitable hormone to treat him is Seorang budak lelaki normal menderita akibat dwarfism sejak kecil. Hormon yang sesuai untuk merawatnya adalah A

sex hormone hormone seks

C

growth hormone hormone pertumbuhan

B

gonadotropic hormone Hormon gonadotrofik

D

adrenocorticotropic hormone hormon adrenocorticotropic

The diagram shows stages of follicle development in ovary. Rajah menunjukkan peringkat perkembangan folikel di dalam ovari.

W

What hormone is secreted at stage W ? Apakah hormon yang dirembeskan pada peringkat W? A Oestrogen C Lutenising hormone Estrogen Hormon pelutinan B Progesterone D Follicle stimulating hormone Progesteron Hormon perangsang folikel

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT 23

14

4551/1

Diagram shows the genetic diagram used to determine the sex of the offsprings. Rajah menunjukkan rajah skema penentuan seks anak bagi manusia. Parents Ibubapa

Mother Ibu

Father Bapa

Meiosis

P

Gametes

Q

R

Fertilisation Male baby

Female baby

What are the genotypes of cell P.Q and R? Apakah genotip dalam sel P, Q dan R ?

24

P

Q

R

A

44 + X

44 + Y

44 + Y

B

44 + XX

44 + XY

44 + XX

C

22 + X

22 + Y

22 + X

D

22 + X

22 + X

22 + Y

In the 16th week, a pregnant woman is infected with a disease. The infection causes the placenta to stop functioning. Which of the following is the effect of the infection? Pada minggu ke 16, seorang wanita hamil dijangkiti dengan satu penyakit. Jangkitan ini menyebabkan plasentanya berhenti berfungsi. Di antara berikut merupakan kesan dari jangkitan penyakit ini. A

The foetus is aborted Keguguran fetus

B

The foetus continue to develop Fetus terus berkembang

C

A Down’s syndrome child is born Lahir anak sindrom down

D

The uterine wall continues to thicken Dinding uterus terus menebal

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT 25

15

4551/1

The diagram shows the process of oogenesis. Gambarajah menunjukkan proses oogenesis

J

K

L

J

M

What are represented by J, K, L and M ? Apakah yang diwakili oleh J, K, L and M?

26

J

K

L

M

A

Oogonium

Polar body

Secondary oocyte

Ovum

B

Oogonium

Polar body

Ovum

Secondary oocyte

C

Primary oocyte

Oogonium

Secondary oocyte

Ovum

D

Primary oocyte

Secondary oocyte

Ovum

Polar body

The diagram shows the structure of an ovule. Rajah menunjukkan struktur satu ovul

A

C

B

D

Which part of the labeled as A, B, C and D

develops into the testa after

fertilization? Bahagian mana yang berlabel A, B, C and D berkembang menjadi testa selepas persenyawaan?

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT 27

16

4551/1

The diagram shows the action of an enzyme sucrase on sucrose. Rajah menunjukkan tindakan enzim sukrase ke atas sukrosa.

X Y

X and Y represent X dan Y diwakili oleh

28

A

Glucose and glucose Glukosa dan glukosa

C

Glucose and fructose Glukosa dan fruktosa

B

Glucose and maltose Glukosa dan maltosa

D

Glucose and galactose Glukosa dan galaktosa

The diagram shows a daughter cell is produced from cell division X Rajah menunjukkan satu sel anak yang terhasil melalui pembahagian sel X

X

Parent cell

Daughter cell

Which cell is produced when the daughter cell undergoes differentiation? [Sel yang mana dihasilkan apabila sell anak melalui pembezaan?]

A

B

4551/1 ©2008

C

D

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT 29

17

4551/1

The diagram shows a experiment to determine energy value in various of food sample. Diagram menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan nilai tenaga dalam beberapa sampel makanan.

Four different types of food samples, but of the same mass were burnt. The temperature of water in the boiling tube is taken before and after the experiment. Which of the following food samples labeled P, Q, R and S contains the largest amount of lipids? Empat jenis sampel makanan yang berbeza tapi sama jisimnya telah dibakar. Suhu air dalam tabung didih diambil sebelum dan seleppas eksperimen. Manakah antara sampel makanan berikut P, Q, R dan S mengandungi lipid paling banyak.

30

Initial temperature of water /0C Suhu awal air /0C

Final temperature of water /0C Suhu akhir air /0C

A

Food sample Sampel makanan P

18

37

B

Q

17

94

C

R

17

86

D

S

18

74

Which of the following are the products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in muscles? Manakah berikut adalah hasil dari respirasi aerobik dan anaerobik dalam otot. Aerobic Respiration Respirasi aerobik

Anaerobic Respiration Respirasi anaerobik

A

Carbon dioxide and water Karbon dioksida dan air

Ethanol Etanol

B

Carbon dioxide and water Karbon dioksida dan air

Lactic acid Asid laktik

C

Lactic acid Asid laktik

Ethanol Etanol

D

Lactic acid Asid laktik

Carbon dioxide and water Karbon dioksida dan air

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT 31

18

4551/1

The diagram shows a seedling of a plant. Rajah menunjukkan anak benih sejenis tumbuhan.

The physical adaptation of the seedling is important in Penyesuaian fizikal anak benih ini A B C D

32

supplying nutrients to the plant membekalkan nutrient kepada tumbuhan protecting the seedling from the saline habitat melindungi anak benih dari habitat air masin securing a stable grasp of the substrate mendapatkan cengkaman yang kukuh pada substrat ensuring a successful dispersion of seedling memastikan kejayaan pencaran anak benih

Water samples P and Q were tested for pollution level. The results are as shown in the table below. Sampel air P dan Q telah diuji untuk aras pencemaran. Keputusan adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam jadual di bawah. Water sample

Time taken for the methylene blue to decolourise (hour)

[Sampel air]

[Masa untuk metilena biru meluntur (jam)]

P

3

Q

10

Which of the following is true about water sample P compared to Q? Antara berikut yang manakah benar tentang sampel air P berbanding Q? A

Higher BOD value

B

Mempunyai nilai BOD yang lebih tinggi Higher population of fish

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT

19

4551/1

C

Mempunyai populasi ikan yang lebih tinggi Lower population of microorganisms

D

Mempunyai populasi mikroorganisma yang lebih rendah Lower content of dissolved carbon dioxide Mempunyai kandungan karbon dioksida terlarut yang lebih rendah

33

The diagram shows a pyramid number. Rajah menunjukkan satu piramid nombor

Y X W V Which of the following is true about the organisms in Diagram above? V W X Y

34

A

Decomposer

Producer

Primary Consumer

Secondary Consumer

B

Autotroph

Autotroph

Heterotroph

Heterotroph

C

Producer

Primary Consumer

Predator

Decomposer

D

Producer

Primary Consumer

Secondary Consumer

Tertiary Consumer

The diagram shows three different blood circulatory system P, Q and R. Rajah menunjukkan tiga sistem peredaran darah P, Q dan R.

Which of the following is a correct match of the animal and its circulatory system? Antara berikut yang manakah padanan yang betul bagi haiwan dan sistem peredarannya?

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT

35

20

4551/1

Human Manusia

Amphibian Amfibia

Fish Ikan

A

P

Q

R

B

P

R

Q

C

R

P

Q

D

R

Q

P

The information below shows the stages of the blood clotting mechanism in human. Maklumat di bawah menunjukkan peringkat dalam mekanisme pembekuan darah pada manusia. P – Fibrinogen changes into fibrin Fibrinogen berubah menjadi fibril Q – Clumped platelets Platelet bergumpal R – Meshwork of threads are formed over the wound Keruping terbentuk pada luka S – Release of thrombokinase Membebaskan thrombokinase T – Prothrombin changes into thrombin Protrombin berubah kepada thrombin

Which of the following is the correct sequence of that process?. Yang manakah berikut adalah urutan yang betul bagi proses tersebut? A

S

T

Q

P

R

B

P

Q

R

S

T

C

Q

S

T

P

R

D

Q

P

S

T

R

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT 36

21

4551/1

The diagram shows the fins of a fish. Rajah menunjukkan sirip pada seekor ikan

Which one of the fins A, B, C and D helps the fish to stay on course without yawing in the water? Di antara sirip A, B, C dan D, yang manakah membantu ikan berada pada kedudukannya tanpa merewang dalam air? 37

A hand is withdrawn when pricked by a sharp needle. The following events take place in the neuron system. Tangan dijauhkan apabila tercucuk oleh jarum tajam. Berikut peristiwa yang berlaku dalam sistem neuron. P -Activation of muscle Otot diaktifkan Q - Activation of receptor Reseptor diaktifkan R - Passage of impulses along efferent neuron Laluan impuls sepanjang neuron eferen S - Passage of impulses along afferent neuron Laluan impuls sepanjang neuron aferen

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the events that take place? Yang manakah urutan berikut adalah betul mengikut peristiwa yang berlaku? A

P

Q

R

S

B

Q

S

R

P

C

R

Q

S

P

D

Q

R

P

S

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT 38

22

4551/1

The diagram shows the position of a foetus in the uterus. Rajah menunjukkan kedudukan fetus dalam uterus.

P

Which of the following substances will pass through P to the foetus? Antara bahan berikut yang manakah merentasi P menuju ke fetus ?

39

A

Fatty acids Asid lemak

C

Ferum ion’s Ion ferum

B

Alcohol Alkohol

D

Urea Urea

Which diagram shows not a pair of alleles ? Rajah yang manakah menunjukkan sepasang alel ?

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT 40

23

4551/1

The diagram shows a cross between a normal grey-coloured mouse and an albino mouse. Rajah menunjukkan kacukan antara seekor tikus kelabu yang normal dan seekor tikus albino Parents

Grey mouse AA

Gametes

A

x

Albino mouse aa a

F1 genotype

Aa

Which genotypes would result from a cross between the F1 mouse and an albino mouse? Manakah genotip hasil daripada kacukan antara tikus F1 dan tikus albino? Aa and aa

C

Aa only

B

AA and Aa

D

AA only

In an experiment, several pieces of potato were placed in sucrose solutions of different concentrations. The weight changes were then plotted onto graphs. Which graph shows the weight changes correctly? Dalam satu eksperimen, beberapa jalur kentang direndam ke dalam larutan sukrosa yang berlainan kepekatan. Perubahan berat diplotkan ke graf.Graf manakah yang menunjukkan perubahan berat yang betul. B Weight of potato samples

Weight of potato samples

A

Sucrose concentration

Sucrose concentration D Weight of potato samples

C Weight of potato samples

41

A

Sucrose concentration

4551/1 ©2008

Sucrose concentration [Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT

4551/1

The graph shows the change in air pressure in the alveolus during breathing. Graf menunjukkan perubahan tekanan udara di dalam alveolus semasa bernafas Alveolus pressure (mm Hg)

42

24

Atmospheric pressure

What happens at stage Q? [Apakah yang berlaku pada peringkat Q?] I II III IV

Atmospheric air is inhaled Udara dari atmosfera disedut Rib cage is raised Sangkar rusuk menaik Diaphragm flattens Diafragma mendatar External intercostals muscles relax Otot interkosta luar mengendur

A I and II only B I, II and III only C III and IV only D I, II, III and IV 43

The following information shows the results of an experiment to determine the energy value of cashew nuts. Maklumat berikut menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen untuk menentukan nilai tenaga bagi kacang

4551/1 ©2008

Volume of water used Isipadu air yang digunakan

= 20.0 cm3

Mass of cashew nuts Jisim kacang gajus

= 0.4 g

Initial temperature of water Suhu awal air

= 30°C

Final temperature of water Suhu akhir air

= 70°C

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT

25

4551/1 [ Spesific heat of water = 4.2J/g/°C]

The energy value of the cashew nuts is Nilai tenaga kacang ialah

44

A

0.1 kJ / g

C

8.4 kJ / g

B

2.0 kJ / g

D

13.4 kJ / g

The following information shows the results of an activity carried out to investigate the frequency of Mimosa pudica at a school field. Maklumat berikut menunjukkan keputusan bagi aktiviti yang dijalankan untuk menyiasat frekuensi Mimosa pudica di padang sekolah Quadrat

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Area covered (m2)

0.01

0.23

0.04

0.15

0

0

0.81

0

0

0.02

The frequency of Mimosa pudica is Frekuensi bagi Mimosa pudica ialah

45

A

13.5%

C

60.0%

B

40.0%

D

86.5%

The diagram shows an experiment set-up to study factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis. Rajah menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar fotosintesis.

Which of the following will increase the rate at which gas bubbles are released in the experiment. Antara berikut yang manakah akan menambahkan kadar pembebasan gelembung udara ?

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT

46

26

A

Using a waterbath at 60ºC Menggunakan kukus air pada 60ºC

B

Placing a 60W bulb 20 cm from the Hydrilla sp Letakkan mentol 60W pada 20cm dari Hydrilla sp

C

Using 0.1% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution Meneggunakan sodium hydrogen karbonat 0.1%

D

Replacing the Hydrilla sp with Elodea sp Menggantikan Hydrilla sp dengan Elodea sp

4551/1

The diagram shows the effect of human activity on the environment. Rajah menunjukkan kesan aktiviti manusia terhadap alam persekitaran.

Which of the following is the result of this activity? Antara berikut yang manakah akibat daripada aktiviti tersebut ? I II III IV A B C D

Soil erosion and landslide Hakisan tanah dan tanah runtuh Flooding Banjir Climatic changes Perubahan iklim Extinction of flora and fauna Kepupusan flora dan fauna

I and II only III and IV only I. III and IV only I, II, III and IV only

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT 47

27

4551/1

The diagram shows the pathway involved in detecting and responding to changes in the internal environment. Rajah menunjukkan laluan melibatkan pengesanan dan gerakbalas terhadap perubahan persekitaran dalam. X

Stimulus Stimulus

Central nervous system Sistem saraf pusat Y Response Gerakbalas

What are represented by X and Y? X

Y

A

Afferent pathway

Efferent pathway

B

Efferent pathway

Afferent pathway

C

Effector

Receptor

D

Receptor

Effector

48 Passive

immunity

against

tetanus

is

acquired by injection with an antiserum.

Which of the following reasons explains the statement? Manakah berikut sebab bagi penerangan pernyataan di atas? A

The antiserum becomes effective immediately. Antiserum berkesan dengan segera

B

The antiserum kills many different kinds of bacteria. Antiserum membunuh bakteria berbagai jenis

C

The effect of the immune serum is very long lasting. Kesan keimunan dari serum tahan lama

D

The immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies. Sistem immunity dirangsang untuk menghasilkan antibody.

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT 49

28

4551/1

One gene has alleles R and r. Another gene has alleles Y and y. A male heterozygous of both alleles is crossed with a female homozygous recessive for both alleles Which of the following are the probable alleles of the offspring. Gen mengandungi alel R dan r. Gen lain mengandungi alel Y dan y. Seorang lelaki heterozigot bagi kedua dua alel dikacukkan dengan seorang perempuan homozigot resesif bagi ke dua-dua alel tersebut. Manakah berikut adalah mungkin allel bagi anak mereka. Alleles of the offspring Alel bagi anak RRYY

RRyy

rrYY

RrYY

B

RrYy

Rryy

rrYy

rryy

C

rRyy

rryy

RRYy

RrYY

D

RRYY

rryy

rRyY

Rryy

The diagram shows the level of antibodies in a patient’s blood after being immunized. Rajah menunjukkan aras antibody dalam darah pesakit selepas memperolehi imunisasi.

Antibody concentration in the body Kepekatan antibody dalam darah

50

A

Immunity level Aras keimunan

2

4

First injection Suntikan pertama

6

8

10 12

14

Time (days) Masa (hari)

Second injection Suntikan ke dua

Which of the following is true about the immunity shown? Yang manakah berikut benar tentang keimunan tersebut?

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT

29

4551/1

I.

It gives temporary protection Ia memberikan perlindungan sementara

II.

Serum is injected into the patient’s body Serum disuntik ke dalam badan pesakit

III.

It gives immediate immunity against the disease Ia memberikan keimunan segera bagi melawan sesuatu penyakit

IV.

White blood cells are stimulated to produce antibody Sel darah putih dirangsang bagi menghasilkan antibodi

A. II and III only B. I, II and III only C. II, III and IV only D. I, II, III and IV

END OF QUESTION

4551/1 ©2008

[Lihat sebelah SULIT