It Ppt

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomedical Professional

Jeff Kabachinski October 31st, 2003

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Today’s Agenda  Technology growth in the Communications Age  Strategies for keeping up with the pace of IT growth  Strategy – Build your own KMS or knowledge foundation by assembling knowledge bits  Strategy – create a reference library that makes sense to you  Strategy – create your own acronyms

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Today’s Agenda  Technology growth & the effect on the psyche  Strategy – Build your own KMS or knowledge foundation by assembling knowledge bits  Today’s Knowledge Bits Accelerated Learning – Networking Overview including: Repeaters, Bridges & Routers – the difference between distance vector routing and link state routing  Strategy – create a reference library that makes sense to you  An Excellent Start: Newton’s Telecomm Dictionary  Strategy – create your own acronyms  Create a few and share some best practices

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Technology Growth It took us 6000 years of history to move from the Agricultural to the Industrial Age. From 1815 to 1950 most workers were industrial workers Beginning ~ 1960 – we were in the Service Age where there were more working in Services than in manufacturing. By the late 1970’s - we were in the Information Age

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Technology Growth An now we’re in the Communication Age – where there are more workers employed in media, news, magazines, books, computers and computer networks (including the Internet) and education than anything else

From Brute Force to Brain Force

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Technology Growth Moore’s law – information processing doubles every 18 months and halves in cost @ the same time. The observation made in 1965 by Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, that the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits had doubled every year since the integrated circuit was invented. Moore predicted that this trend would continue for the foreseeable future. In subsequent years, the pace slowed down a bit, but data density has doubled approximately every 18 months, and this is the current definition of Moore's Law, which Moore himself has blessed. Most experts, including Moore himself, expect Moore's Law to hold for at least another two decades

CESO 2003

Processor 4004

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Year Introduced 1971

Transistors 2,250

8008

1972

2,500

8080

1974

5,000

8086

1978

29,000

286

1982

120,000

386™ processor

1985

275,000

486™ DX processor

1989

1,180,000

Pentium® processor

1993

3,100,000

Pentium II processor

1997

7,500,000

Pentium III processor

1999

24,000,000

Pentium 4 processor

2000

42,000,000

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Technology Growth Technology Growth

Rate of Complexity

Cognitive Ability

Jeff’s Cognitive Ability Time

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Technology Growth For Example Today’s Lexus:  has more computing circuits that the Apollo 13 did  which was the most advanced of its time – 35 years ago (1968). There’s more cost in electronics than in steel.

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Technology Growth For Example If the auto industry had kept pace with Moore’s Law, today’s Lexus:  Would cost $2  Would get 700mpg  It’s top speed would be ~ 500mph

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Knowledge is doubling every 2 to 3 years (1996) Knowledge will double every year by 2000 Reading • The highest paid read 2 to 3 hours a day • Lowest paid – 0 • 80% don’t read at all • 70% haven’t been in a bookstore • 58% don’t read another book after high school • 42% don’t read another book after college

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Adding up the Knowledge Bits for Pattern Recognition

“Luck plus preparation equals opportunity” Vince Lombardi “I will study and prepare myself and someday my chance will come ” Abraham Lincoln “Ignorance is no obstacle to advancement ” Abraham Lincoln Microsoft in 1978

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Repeater Basics

Common Repeater Legend: T - T r a n s c e iv e r o r M A U 5 0 - 5 0 o h m t e r m in a t o r 50

T

N ode 1

R epeater

T

N ode 2

50

CESO 2003

Ethernet IEEE 802.3

CSMA/CD Flow Chart Truncated Binary Exponential Back-off • 51.2µS increments • 0 < r < 2k • k = the # of transmit attempts • r = a random number that gets x 51.2µS

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed S tart the A ttem pt to T r a n s m it

C a r r ie r S ense

D efer the A ttem pt to T r a n s m it

Random T im e - O u t

S top T r a n s m it

S end Jam m er S ig n a l

N o

S tart to T r a n s m it

C o llis io n D e t e c t io n N o

Jammer signal = 4 bytes of all 1’s or 3.2µS of a carrier

Yes

End T r a n s m it

Yes

Random T im e - O u t

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Repeater Basics

Multi-Port Repeater R epeater Card 1

50

N ode 1

50

N ode 2

R epeater Card 2

50

N ode 3

50

N ode 4

R epeater Card 3

50

N ode 5

50

N ode 6

R epeater Card 4

50

N ode 7

50

N ode 8

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Repeater Basics

Multi-Port Repeater N ode 1

R epeater Card 1

N ode 2

N ode 3

R epeater Card 2

N ode 4

N ode 5

R epeater Card 3

N ode 6

N ode 7

R epeater Card 4

N ode 8

CESO 2003

Repeater Basics Hub

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Bridge Basics Common Bridge Node 2

50

T Node 1

T

Node 5

A T

B Bridge

Node 3

T Node 4

From : S ource A ddress 0 0 :0 0 :1 D :A F :B 9 :2 8

37¢

T o: D e s t in a t io n A d d r e s s 0 2 :6 0 :B C :6 E :1 A :7 F

T

T Node 6

50

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Ethernet Data Packet Architecture P r e a m b le

A d d r e s s in g

T im in g F r a m e 7 B ytes

1

Length

D e s t in a t io n

S ource

A m o u n t o f d a t a e n c lo s e d

6 bytes

6 bytes

2 bytes

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 .... a lt e r n a t in g 1 s & 0 s S F D : 10 10 10 11

0 0 :0 0 :A 1 :F D :2 3 :C 9

0 0 :0 0 :A 1 :1 E :0 4 :1 2

D ata

CRC Checksum

Can vary from 46 bytes to 15 0 0 b ytes

4 bytes

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Bridge Basics

Multi-Port Bridge N ode 2 50

T N ode 1

50

T N ode 7

50

T N ode 13

T N ode 8 T N ode 14 T

N ode 5 T

A

B r id g e

B

N ode 3 T

N ode 4

C

B r id g e

D

N ode 9 T N ode 15

T

T N ode 10

E

B r id g e

F

T N ode 16

T N ode 11 T N ode 17 T

T

50

N ode 6 T

50

N ode 12 T N ode 18

50

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Bridge Basics

Multi-Port Bridge N ode 1

B r id g e C a r d 1

N ode 2

N ode 3

B r id g e C a r d 2

N ode 4

N ode 5

B r id g e C a r d 3

N ode 6

N ode 7

B r id g e C a r d 4

N ode 8

CESO 2003

Bridge Basics

Switch

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Ethernet Data Packet Architecture P r e a m b le

A d d r e s s in g

T im in g F r a m e 7 B ytes

1

Length

D e s t in a t io n

S ource

A m o u n t o f d a t a e n c lo s e d

6 bytes

6 bytes

2 bytes

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 .... a lt e r n a t in g 1 s & 0 s S F D : 10 10 10 11

0 0 :0 0 :A 1 :F D :2 3 :C 9

0 0 :0 0 :A 1 :1 E :0 4 :1 2

D ata

CRC Checksum

Can vary from 46 bytes to 15 0 0 b ytes

4 bytes

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

TCP/IP Protocol IP Data Packet Architecture

Ethernet packet P r e a m b le

A d d r e s s in g

Length

D ata

CRC

IP packet A d d r e s s in g

H eader Checksum

D e s t in a t io n

S ource

"O th e r I nfo"

D ata

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Distance Routing Vector Basics -Routing RIP

A

Routing Information Protocol B

C

Router 1

Router 3

D E Router 2

Router 4

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Routing Basics - RIP

A C

B

Router 1

Router 3

D E Router 2

Net ID A B C

Router 1 Table Router Connection Router 1 Router 1 Router 1

Hop Count 1 1 1

Router 4

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Routing Basics - RIP

A C

B

Router 1

Router 3

D E Router 2

Net ID C D E

Router 2 Table Router Connection Router 2 Router 2 Router 2

Hop Count 3 2 1

Router 4

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Routing Basics - RIP

A C

B

Router 1

Router 3

D E Router 2

Net ID A B C E D C (Alt.)

Router 1 Table Router Connection Router 1 Router 1 Router 1 Router 2 Router 2 Router 2

Hop Count 1 1 1 1+1=2 2+1=3 3+1=4

Router 4

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed A

Routing Basics - RIP

C B

Router 1

Router 3

D E

Net ID A C C (Alt) D D (Alt) E E (Alt) B B (Alt)

Router 1 Table Router Connection Router 1 Router 1 Router 2 Router 3 Router 2 Router 2 Router 3 Router 1 Router 3

Router 2

Hop Count 1 1 3+1=4 1+1=2 2+1=3 1+1=2 2+1=3 1 3+1=4

Router 4

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Routing Basics - RIP

A

B

Router 1

3

C

Router 2

2 4 (Alt)

D

Router 3

1

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Routing Basics - RIP

A

B

Router 1

3

C

Router 2

2 4

D

Router 3

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Routing Basics - RIP

A

B

Router 1

3 5

C

Router 2

2 4

D

Router 3

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Routing Basics - RIP

A

B

Router 1

3 5

C

Router 2

2 4 6

D

Router 3

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Routing Basics - RIP

A

B

Router 1

3 5 7

C

Router 2

2 4 6 8

D

Router 3

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Routing Basics - RIP

A

B

Router 1

Stop the Madness !

C

Router 2

D

Router 3

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Link Routing State Basics Routing - OSPF

A cost = 2

Open Shortest Path First B cost = 6

C cost = 2

Router 1

Router 3

E cost = 4

D cost = 3

Router 2

Router 4

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Routing Basics - OSPF

A cost = 2 C cost = 2

B cost = 6

Router 1

Router 3

E cost = 4

D cost = 3

Router 2

Net ID A B C

Router 1 Table Router Connection Router 1 Router 1 Router 1

Cost 2 6 2

Router 4

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Routing Basics - OSPF

A cost = 2 C cost = 2

B cost = 6

Router 1

Router 3

E cost = 4

D cost = 3

Router 2

Net ID C D E

Router 2 Table Router Connection Router 4 Router 4 Router 2

Cost 9 7 4

Router 4

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Routing Basics - OSPF

A cost = 2 C cost = 2

B cost = 6

Router 1

Router 3

E cost = 4

Net ID A B C E D C (Alt.)

Router 1 Table Router 2 Router Connection Router 1 Router 1 Router 1 Router 2 Router 2 Router 2

Cost 2 6 2 4+6=10 7+6=13 9+6=15

D cost = 3

Router 4

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

Routing Basics - OSPF

A cost = 2 C cost = 2 B cost = 6

Router 1

Router 3

E cost = 4

Net ID A C C (Alt) D D (Alt) E E (Alt) B B (Alt)

Router 1 Table Router Connection Router 1 Router 1 Router 2 Router 3 Router 2 Router 2 Router 3 Router 1 Router 3

D cost = 3

Router 2

Cost 2 2 15 3+2=5 13 10 7+2=9 9 13+2=15

Router 4

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

IP Addressing Scheme The Big Idea: • Routers use the Net ID to determine which network the device is on. • The Node ID is the specific node location or address on that network. In a Class A IP address, the first byte is used as the Network ID and the last 3 bytes are the node ID: 1st byte

2nd byte

3rd byte

4th byte

Net ID

Node ID

Node ID

Node ID

0 - 127

X

X

X

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

IP Addressing Scheme The Big Idea: • Routers use the Net ID to determine which network the device is on. • The Node ID is the specific node location or address on that network. In a Class B IP address, the first 2 bytes are used as the Network ID and the last 2 bytes are the node ID: 1st byte

2nd byte

3rd byte

4th byte

Net ID

Net ID

Node ID

Node ID

128 - 191

0 – 255

X

X

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

IP Addressing Scheme The Big Idea: • Routers use the Net ID to determine which network the device is on. • The Node ID is the specific node location or address on that network. In a Class C IP address, the first 3 bytes are used as the Network ID and the last byte are the node ID: 1st byte

2nd byte

3rd byte

4th byte

Net ID

Net ID

Net ID

Node ID

0 – 255

0 – 255

192 - 223

X

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

IP Addressing Scheme

220.8.62.0 112.0.0.0

151.186.0.0

Router 1

Router 3

134.91.0.0 193.231.12.0 Router 2

Router 4

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed 220.8.62.0

Routing Basics - RIP

112.0.0.0

151.186.0.0

Router 1

Router 3

134.91.0.0 193.231.12.0 Router 2

Router 1 Table

Alternate route Alternate route Alternate route Alternate route

Net ID 220.8.62.0 112.0.0.0 112.0.0.0 134.91.0.0 134.91.0.0 193.231.12.0 193.231.12.0 151.186.0.0 151.186.0.0

Router Connection Router 1 Router 1 Router 2 Router 3 Router 2 Router 2 Router 3 Router 1 Router 3

Hop Count 1 1 3+1=4 1+1=2 2+1=3 1+1=2 2+1=3 1 3+1=4

Router 4

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

TCP/IP Protocol IP Data Packet Architecture

Ethernet packet P r e a m b le

A d d r e s s in g

Length

D ata

CRC

IP packet A d d r e s s in g

H eader Checksum

D e s t in a t io n

S ource

"O th e r I nfo"

D ata

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

TCP/IP Protocol Data Packet Architecture

Ethernet packet P r e a m b le

A d d r e s s in g

Length

D ata

CRC

IP packet A d d r e s s in g

H eader Checksum

"O th e r I nfo"

D ata

TCP packet A d d r e s s in g

S ource Port

S eq. #

A ck. #

D e s t in a t io n P o r t

D atagram Checksum

F la g s

D ata

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

TCP/IP Protocol Data Packet Architecture

Ethernet packet P r e a m b le

A d d r e s s in g

Length

D ata

CRC

IP packet A d d r e s s in g

H eader Checksum

"O th e r I nfo"

D ata

UDP packet A d d r e s s in g

D ata Length

D e s t in a t io n P o r t

S ource Port

H eader Checksum

D ata

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

OSI Model Basics

The Layers Layer

Name

Keywords

7

Application

Semantics

6

Presentation

Syntax

5

Session

Dialog Coordination

4

Transport

Reliable Data Transfer

3

Network

Routing and Relaying

2

Data Link

Technology-Specific Transfer

1

Physical

Physical Connections

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

OSI Reference Model Application Presentation Session

Defining the app socket Defining the data format Defining the connection

Logical Link Control

Transport

Media Access Control

Network

Identifying your location on the Network

Data Link

Method for getting data on & off the media

Physical

Medium for transfer of signal

Transfer of data

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

OSI Reference Model Application

NOS

Presentation Session

TCP/UDP IP Ethernet Wires

Transport

Defining the app socket Defining the data format Defining the connection Transfer of data

Network

Identifying your location on the Network

Data Link

Method for getting data on & off the media

Physical

Medium for transfer of signal

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

OSI Reference Model Application Presentation Session

Defining the app socket Defining the data format Defining the connection

Routers

Transport

Bridges

Network

Identifying your location on the Network

Data Link

Method for getting data on & off the media

Physical

Medium for transfer of signal

Repeaters

Transfer of data

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

OSI Reference Model Application Presentation

Gateways

Session Transport

Defining the app socket Defining the data format Defining the connection Transfer of data

Network

Identifying your location on the Network

Data Link

Method for getting data on & off the media

Physical

Medium for transfer of signal

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

A strategy to keep pace - The JIT Genius Plan Knowledge Bits like these can help with your pattern recognition and build a foundation of network savvy The JIT Genius Plan 4. Work on the foundation 5. Build a reference library 6. Create your own acronyms

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

A strategy to keep pace - The JIT Genius Plan The JIT Genius Plan •

• •

Build a reference library Newton's Telecom Dictionary is a great reference for telecom, data communications, networking, computing, and the Internet. With over 21,000 definitions it weighs in at over four times larger than any other telecom and IT dictionary, and includes wireless, broadband, intranet, e-commerce, and IT terms.

•

Newton explains technical concepts in non-technical language. This has made the book an essential reference tool to anyone managing network and telecom systems and services.

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

A strategy to keep pace - The JIT Genius Plan Says Harry, "I wrote this book for those of us new (and old) to the world's most exciting industry. That's what my publishers would have me say. But, I really wrote the book for myself. I simply want to keep up. Defining a term is the best way I know of understanding it. The good news is I'm not an engineer; I can't write incomprehensible technical explanations. I can write explanations business people (like me) will understand. Some of my definitions are short. Some are long. Many are mini-tutorials. My definitions of a term explain how it's used, its benefits, its pluses, and its minuses.”

CESO 2003

IT Baseline Knowledge for the Biomed

A strategy to keep pace - The JIT Genius Plan Knowledge Bits like these can help with your pattern recognition and build a foundation of network savvy The JIT Genius Plan 4. Work on the foundation 5. Build a reference library 6. Create your own acronyms It doesn’t mean that you’ll end up looking like Bill Gates

Enjoy This Year’s Conference!