Investigatory Project All.docx

University Of Saint Louis Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

ECO-FRIENDLY AIR COOLER

Callo, Froilan M. Galla, Francine Ashley T. Pagulayan, Justin Rome C. Romero, Harvey Noel C. 7-Wisdom

April 2018

Mr. Marvin C. Baccay Research Adviser

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study In some parts of the Philippines it is hot. Mainly in Tuguegarao City which has been named the hottest place in the Philippines, as said by the state weather bureau. In the years 1912 and 1969 the highest temperature in the city has been recorded with a temperature of 42.2oC according to PAGASA. But aside from the high temperatures recorded in the city, waste is also a problem. With a total of 153,502 residents in the year 2015 as said in the website, citypopulation.de, there is no doubt that wastes, either biodegradable or non-biodegradable, are scattered around the city. That is why the researchers came up with an idea, an air conditioner that is made up of plastic bottles. According to brucesac.com, some air conditioners today contain liquid refrigerant composed of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), were later found to emit greenhouse gases. This is why they decided to invent an air conditioner made up of plastic bottles, because it does not have greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming, which is the cause of increasing temperatures around the planet. The researchers arrived with this kind of problem by recognizing the effects of extreme heat to people and the amount of plastic bottles scattered everywhere. The effects of extreme heat to people may lead to dehydration and more. They also saw the effects of scattered plastic bottles around the city, it may cause flood and have negative effects in nature. The researchers chose this problem about the heat of the sun because this is the reason why many people suffer different kinds of diseases. The heat of the sun is also the cause of high blood pressure. So the researchers decided to invent air conditioner made of plastic bottles. We did not choose other problems because the heat of the sun that can cause disease is always present in the city. Some air conditioners are expensive , this is also the reason why they came up with this idea. Because the air conditioner made up of plastic bottles is cheap and affordable. This is a new technology that helps the world prevent trash and helps people, let it be financially or physically because it is safe and affordable for everybody.

B. Statement of the Problem

This study aims to reduce the temperature and to reduce the bad effects of heat to the human body. More specifically, it seeks to find the answers to the following questions: 1. Is there a relationship between the amount of ice used and the decrease of the room temperature? 2. How long will it take before the maximum amount of ice is fully melted? 3. Is there a relationship between the span of time of use and the room temperature? 4. How wide is the room that the air cooler can cool?

C. Significance of the study “Ozone layer depletion is one of the most serious problems faced by our planet earth. It is also one of the prime reasons which are leading to global warming.” As said by www.7continents5oceans.com. The use of air coolers are prevalent in today’s society. But as we use such air coolers, it emits chlorofluorocarbon, a type of a greenhouse gas, which is also a factor in destroying our ozone layer. The researchers came up with an idea that would surely help us and it can be also one of our solutions in global warming. Eco- friendly Air cooler is important because it can be a solution to solve the most prevailing issues faced by mother earth. Heat exhaustion, heat cramps, and heat stroke, this illnesses are the most common and prevalent to the Philippines, mainly in our city. The main endeavor of this study is to minimize the temperature in our houses in times if the sun is at its peak. And to reduce illnesses caused by the heat of the sun. It also aims to increase its benefits in financial aspects because it aims to become much cheaper compared to air coolers sold on the market. The growing waste from plastic bottles is now a problem around the world, a report of the news site British Broadcasting Company (BBC) said. According to www.gmanetwork.com, “Around the world, several programs are being undertaken with the growing problem about discarded water bottles”. These issues are also not pleasing to read and also not pleasing to the eye. It is described that as small and as simple as plastic bottles, it causes a big problem to our planet. That is why this study is also a significant endeavor in reducing waste of plastic bottles around the city. As simple as an air cooler made up of plastic bottles can have a big difference and solution to the prevailing issues our world faces today. Thinking how big the problem is, as people contribute efforts we can save our mother earth. As Miss Earth 2017 Karen Ibasco says, “ A micro effort can have a macro effect to save our home our planet”.

D. Scope and Delimitation The scope of this study is to minimize the heat cause by the sun . The study will also focus on the effects of the air cooler to people, if its either good or bad. The study will also focus in buying cheap and affordable but durable and non- defective materials. The researchers selected only one geographical setting which is the Tuguegarao City for the basis if the product will be effective. It will also not use heavy voltages of electricity and will just focus on more practical everyday things. The scope of this study is to also minimize the minor effects of the ultra violet rays of the sun. The study will also focus on the processes undertaken in the making of this product to ensure its durability and its duty to generate hot air to cool air. This study will not focus in tackling high amounts of voltage as it may cause a lot more problem as it may melt the plastic bottles if in use. The limits of the product is to also reduce the temperature but not more than 5 degrees Celsius. The product is also focused in smaller rooms and rooms not as large. The arrangement of the study will be in order of its productions starting from gathering plastic bottles to the product making in order to be organized.

E. Definition of Terms 1. Air cooler- A device for reducing the temperature of air, typically inside a building. (www.enoxforddictionaries.com) 2. Ice- a frozen water. (www.merriam-webster.com) 3. Temperature- A measure of the warmth or coldness of an object or substance with reference to some standard value. ( www.dictionary.com) 4. Global warming- An increase in the earth’s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect. (www.dictionary.com) 5. Chlorofluorocarbon- A greenhouse gas. 6. Ultra violet rays- Invisible rays that are part of the energy that comes from the sun, can burn the skin, and cause skin cancer. (www.medicinenet.com)

Chapter II Review of Related Literature Air cooling is a method of dissipating heat. It is also the process of removing heat from the interior of an occupied space, to improve the comfort of the occupant. This chapter includes ideas, researches and others. Those that were included in this chapter helps in familiarizing information that are relevant and similar to the study.

Ice storage air conditioner

Outdoor activities are enjoyed by many already but hot weather can often reduce this enjoyment. Further, genuine dangers may exist to some who become too hot. Unfortunately, many outdoor activities are only available in the summer. Parents, grandparents, and other family members may wish to watch outdoor summer sports or attend the beach with family, for example, but are limited in their ability to do so because of the heat. The invention of the present disclosure, in one aspect thereof, comprises a device including a portable chest, a radiator in the chest, a liquid pump in the chest that moves liquid through the radiator, and a fan for providing an airflow across the radiator. The portable chest stores a quantity of liquid that is pumped through the radiator by the liquid pump to chill the airflow provided by the fan. (Donaldson and Yonce, 2012) A major portion of electricity consumption in buildings in residential, administrative, and commercial sectors is related to air-conditioning (A/C) systems. To reduce and shift the electricity consumption of A/C systems from on-peak hours to offpeak hours, an ice thermal energy storage (ITES) can be utilized. In this paper, thermoeconomic optimization of an ITES system was carried out for A/C applications. In order to consider the environmental aspects, a penalty cost was considered for CO2emission. Applying the genetic algorithm optimization technique, the optimum values of system design parameters were obtained. (Sanaye and Shirazi, 2012) This presents an optimal dispatch model of an ice storage air-conditioning system for participants to quickly and accurately perform energy saving and demand response, and to avoid the over contact with electricity price peak. (Chi-Chun Lo et.al, 2016) The gas turbine power output and efficiency decrease with increasing ambient temperature. With compressor inlet air cooling, the air density and mass flow rate as well as the gas turbine net power output increase. The inlet cooling techniques include vapor or absorption refrigeration systems, evaporative cooling systems and thermal energy storage (TES) systems. (Sanaye, Fardad, Mostakhdemi, 2010) The ice storage air-cooling system with heat pipe was presented, and analytical model relating to the exergy loss amount and loss rate was developed in each component of the ice storage air-conditioning system. (Fang, Liu, 2010)

Ice-storage air-conditioning system, while known for its advantage of shifting power consumption at peak hours during the day to the nighttime. . The study adopts particle swarm algorithm to facilitate optimization of ice-storage air-conditioning systems and to develop optimal operating strategies, using minimal life cycle cost as the objective function. (Wen-Shing Lee et.al, 2008) An experimental study on operation performance of ice storage air-conditioning system with separate helical heat pipe is conducted in this paper. The experimental system of ice storage air-conditioning system with separate heat pipe is set up.(Fang et.al, 2009) In the present work, an ice thermal energy storage (ITES) system incorporating a phase change material (PCM) as the partial cold storage was modeled for air-conditioning (A/C) applications. The system was analyzed from energy, exergy, economic, and environmental aspects (4E analysis) for charging and discharging processes. Utilizing genetic algorithm optimization technique, multi-objective optimization of the system was performed and the optimal values of system design parameters were obtained. (Sanaye et.al, 2013) Evaporative Cooling The present paper deals with experimental investigation of the performance of air cooled split air conditioner, with evaporative water mist pre cooling to increase the cooling capacity and reduce the consumption power under hot and dry climate. This investigation considers how the performance can be enhanced by using water mist to precool ambient air entering the condensers by adiabatic cooling process which depends on the ambient air wet bulb temperature; as well the condensing temperature and condensing pressure will be decreased accordingly. ( Jassim, 2017) This paper presents an experimental investigation of the Coefficient of Performance (COP)’s augmentation of an air conditioning system utilizing an evaporative cooling condenser. The experimental facility consisted of four major components, which are, the compressor, the evaporator, the thermal expansion valve, and the condenser. (Wang et.al, 2014) Increasing the coefficient of performance of air conditioner with air-cooled condenser is a challenging problem especially in area with very hot weather conditions. Application of evaporatively cooled air condenser instead of air-cooled condenser is proposed in this paper as an efficient way to solve the problem. An evaporative cooler was built and coupled to the existing air-cooled condenser of a split-air-conditioner in order to measure its effect on the cycle performance under various ambient air temperatures up to 49 °C. Experimental results show that application of evaporatively cooled air condenser has significant effect on the performance improvement of the cycle and the rate of improvement is increased as ambient air temperature increases. (Haji Davalloo, Eghtedari, 2010)

This paper investigates a mathematical simulation and optimization of the heat and mass transfer processes in the indirect evaporative air cooler. The heat exchanger uses a novel combined parallel and regenerative counter-flow arrangement. A two-dimensional heat and mass transfer model is developed to perform the thermal calculations of the indirect evaporative cooling process.(Anisimov et.al,2014) We present simulation results on a novel dew-point evaporative air conditioner which was designed based on a counter-flow closed-loop configuration consisting of separated working channels and product channels. The novel evaporative air conditioner is able to cool air to temperature below ambient wet-bulb temperature and approaching dew-point temperature. (Chua et.al,2014) Air cooling A personal air cooling apparatus includes a main housing having a hollow interior that houses a water-retaining sponge in a first chamber and a motor-driven fan in a second chamber. A partition wall separates the chambers and is apertured so that air pulled into the first chamber flows through the sponge and through the aperture into an air passageway that leads to an air outlet vent that directs a strong flow of cooled air onto the user. (Chan, 2008) A portable evaporative cooler includes a first reservoir for holding a working fluid and having an air inlet and an air outlet. A partition separates the first reservoir from a second reservoir which stores a reserve fluid. A chute curved from the partition through the second reservoir directs the flow of air from the air outlet through a curved path. A valve in the partition replenishes the working fluid from the reserve fluid in the second reservoir and is responsive to a sensor disposed within the first reservoir. (Reyzin et.al, 2008) In present scenario human comfort is the main criteria. For that purpose many Air conditioners are introduced in the market like window AC, split AC and central AC. Not only for human purpose it is become an essential need for Industrial purpose for both small scale and large scale industries. For common household purposes maximum we use Window AC. But during actual use it is not possible to evaluate the performance of an AC with all the parameters like coefficient of performance and cooling effect. Since these are the main parameters for an air conditioner. Without these calculations it is also not possible to know the factors that affecting on the performance of an air conditioner. So in this thesis main concentration is on investigation on performance parameters of air conditioner, for this purpose window AC test rig is prepared. By using this test rig easy to find out the Actual COP. By adding Bottle Neck Arrangement, in order to improve the performance of air conditioner without any extra amount by using of this simple arrangement, with this theses we save the power improve the cooling effect of wind air conditioner especially in summer user can feel more comfort with this type of air conditioner. (Naidu et.al, 2017)

An air freshener replacement bottle having an open ended, externally threaded neck a wick holding sleeve which press fits onto the open end of the bottle. The sleeve has an outwardly directed flange with a lower face that abuts against an upper end of the bottle neck. An internally threaded cap is threaded onto the neck of the bottle compressing the wick holder flange forming a seal. The cap has a cylindrical wall smaller in diameter than the lower portion of the cap, protruding from its top.(Hall, 2008) Air Cooling with connection to the human health With the improvement of standard of living, air-conditioning has widely been applied. However, health problems associated with air-conditioning systems and indoor air quality appear more frequently. In this paper, recent research is reviewed on airconditioning systems and indoor air quality control for human health. The problems in the existing research are summarized. A further study is suggested on air-conditioning systems and indoor air quality control for healthy indoor air environment.( Yu et.al, 2008) Air cooling in connection to the environment In this article, we assess the potential development of energy use for future residential heating and air conditioning in the context of climate change. In a reference scenario, global energy demand for heating is projected to increase until 2030 and then stabilize. In contrast, energy demand for air conditioning is projected to increase rapidly over the whole 2000–2100 period, mostly driven by income growth. The associated CO2 emissions for both heating and cooling increase from 0.8 Gt C in 2000 to 2.2 Gt C in 2100, i.e. about 12% of total CO2 emissions from energy use (the strongest increase occurs in Asia). (Isaac,Vuuren, 2008) In developing country like India, most of the vapor compression based refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems continue to run on halogenated refrigerants due to its excellent thermodynamic and thermo-physical properties apart from the low cost. However, the halogenated refrigerants have adverse environmental impacts such as ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP). (Mohanraj et.al, 2008)

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY A. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Materials: Recycled bottles (Mountain Dew bottles, 300 ml) Plywood (Marine Plywood, with the size of ¾ inch.) Glue Turbine (35 watts) Nails

B. Procedures (Product Making): The procedures follow a step by step proceeding which follow as: 1. Prepare the base of the air cooler. The base is where the foundation and where the materials will be combined. 2. First, wash thoroughly the bottles, cut it and separate the body from its narrow top part. 3. Third, assemble the body of the bottles together. 4. Wait for the glue to set and dry. 5. Once the glue dried, set the bottles in a 2 by 2 plywood and nails per column 6. Prepare the tip of the bottles. 7. Once the bottles are ready, cut the plywood into desired size. 8. Drill holes with the same size as of the bottles mouth. 9. Then stick the bottle to the holes. 10. After this, wait for it to set and dry. 11. Install it into the front part of the air cooler 12. Prepare the turbine in the back part of the air cooler 13. After assembling the front, back and sides of the air cooler, put a container with holes. This will be the ice storage. 14. After the ice storage is placed, cover the top. 15. After the top is placed, make a trap door for the entrance of the ice. 16. After everything is finished, double check if there are problems. Make sure everything is in the right place. C. Procedure (Product Testing) 1. Put the air cooler at a room with the dimensions of, 3.15 meters by 2.32 meters. 2.

This table is a part of a procedure in the product testing that represents the relationship between the amount of ice and the decrease of the room temperature. Decrease in Room Amount of Ice Temperature 1. 2. 3.

3. This table represents the observations on how long will it take before the maximum amount of ice will melt. Time after ice OBSERVATIONS inclusion 15 minutes 30 minutes 1 hour

4. This table represents the room temperature after such time that the air cooler has been turned on. The air cooler will be turned on with the specific time limits. Time Room Temperature before Room Temperature after Air Cooler is turned on Air Cooler is turned on 30 minutes 1 hour 1 hour and 30 minutes 5. This table shows the relationship between the wideness or the room size with the temperature until such time that the time limit will end. The data collected will be the size of the room and the temperature. Room Size Room Temperature before Room Temperature after Air Cooler is turned on 1 hour and 30 minutes

CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results: Amount of Ice 1. 3 pieces (275 g.) 2. 4 pieces (275 g.) 3. 5 pieces (275 g.) 1. This table shows the relationship between the of the room temperature.

Decrease in Room Temperature 0oC 2oC 3oC amount of ice and the decrease

Time after ice OBSERVATIONS inclusion 15 minutes Ice is still compact and hard. 30 minutes The ice is slightly melted. 1 hour The ice completely melted. 2. This table represents the observations on how long will it take before the maximum amount of ice will melt.

Room Temperature before Room Temperature after Air Cooler is turned on Air Cooler is turned on 30 minutes 36o C 34oC 1 hour 36o C 33oC o 1 hour and 30 minutes 36 C 32oC 3. This table represents the room temperature after such time that the air cooler had been turned on. The amount of ice placed in the storage is five, (5). The air cooler will be turned on with the specific time limits. Time

Room Size

Room Temperature before Room Temperature after Air Cooler is turned on 1 hour and 30 minutes o 3.15 m. by 2.32 m. 36 C 32oC o 3.27 m. by 2.43 m. 36 C 33.5oC 3.41 m. by 2.73 m. 37oC 34oC 4. This table shows the relationship between the wideness or the room size with the temperature until such time that the time limit will end. The amount of ice placed in the storage is five, (5). The data collected will be the size of the room and the temperature.

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusions: The following were concluded based on the results and discussions. 1. There is a direct relationship between the amount of ice used and the decrease of the room temperature. The more the ice that is placed, the air will be cooler. 2. The maximum amount of ice which is five pieces managed to cool a room before it melted. The ice is still compact upon storage. After 30 minutes the ice will slowly have moistures and it will begin to melt. After an hour, the maximum amount of ice is completely melted. 3. The air cooler can cool and decrease the room temperature depending on the time and more aspects. After 30 minutes, the air cooler managed to decrease the room temperature by 2oC. And after an hour it managed to decrease the room temperature by 3oC. If there is more time the air cooler can still decrease the room temperature.

4. The ability of the air cooler to cool a room also depends on the size of the room itself. If the room is smaller, the air cooler can decrease its room temperature by 4oC or more. But if the air cooler is placed in a larger room it can only manage to decrease the room temperature by 2oC or less.

Recommendations: The future researchers are recommended to paint the product with a water-proof paint, for protection to the wood that is used. The future researchers are recommended to try putting more ice and try to put more ice storages, so that the ability if the air cooler to cool a room will be increased. This will also let the air to be cooler. The future researchers are recommended to put filter or things that can increase the air cooler’s ability to cool a certain room.