Intuition & Scientific Approach
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CHAPTER 1 INTUITION 1.1 Etymology and Definition of the term ‘Intuition’ The term Intuition is derived from the Latin word "intueri" which means "to see within." It is a way of knowing, of sensing the truth without explanations. The dictionary definition of intuition is "quick and ready insight;" and "the act or process of coming to direct knowledge without reasoning or inferring." Intuition can in a sense be defined as the immediate apprehension by the mind or by the senses without reasoning. Intuition imbues one with the knowledge of things without prior knowledge or the use of reason. Intuition, for example, includes the "AH HA!" or "Eureka!" discovery or sudden mental revelation in which one's mind now perceives a new or different fit or solution of pieces of a puzzle or problem. It is also the ability to see an event or an object from a viewpoint of the cosmic whole, from its culmination - the seed, the flower, and the fruit in relation to the whole. All stands revealed the hearts, the motives, and the causes of all events.
1.2 Intuition – Original and Independent Source of Knowledge In philosophy, intuition is the power of obtaining knowledge that cannot be acquired either by inference or observation, by reason or experience. As such, intuition is thought of as an original, independent source of knowledge, since it is designed to account for just those kinds of knowledge that other sources do not provide. Knowledge of necessary truths and of moral principles is sometimes explained in this way. However, it is to be noted that when a person first becomes alert to intuitive messages it may seem disturbing not to understand the importance or unimportance of the messages. It can be quite frustrating when one gets a message, but does not get any logical reasoning along with it. Explanations usually come along with intuitive messages on a "need to know basis."
1.3 Intuition and Decision Making Intuition is fast. We make life-and-death decisions in split seconds, when we have to, and we are often correct. This is of course the reason Intuition evolved in the first place — it increases our chances of survival. Intuition can encompass the ability to know valid solutions to problems and decision making. For example, the recognition primed decision (RPD) model was described by Gary Klein in order to explain how people can make relatively fast decisions without having to compare options. Klein found that under time pressure, high stakes, and changing parameters, experts used their base of experience to identify similar situations and intuitively choose feasible solutions. The intuition is the pattern-matching process that quickly suggests feasible courses of action. The analysis is the mental simulation, a conscious and deliberate review of the courses of action.
The reliability of one’s intuition depends greatly on past knowledge and occurrences in a specific area. Someone who has more experiences with children will tend to have a better instinct or intuition about what they should do in certain situations. This is not to say that one with a great amount of experience is always going to have an accurate intuition (because some can be biased); however, the chances of it being more reliable are definitely amplified.
1.4 Actual Experience of Intuition The intuitive impressions come in a variety of different ways namely clairvoyance, clairaudience and clairsentience. 1. Clairvoyance (clear seeing or clear vision) is experienced when an individual discerns objects, people, or situations, not with the physical eyes, but with an internal sense sometimes referred to as the "third eye". Such "visions" concern something beyond one's physical view, e.g., in the next room, down the street, or a thousand miles away. 2. Clairaudience (clear hearing) is the ability to receive thoughts or information about a person or situation through an auditory sense instead of a visual one. This information is actually inaudible to the normal hearing range. It can be experienced as delicate sounds such as music, bells, or singing. It might also manifest as a knocking, siren, or other attention-getting sound. Most often, it comes as a voice that is literally heard either directly in the brain or through the auditory sense, as if it comes from beside or behind the person. This voice can have many aspects, at times sounding like the person's own, and at others taking on a change of tone, volume, or pitch and sounding like someone else. It can take on an authoritarian tone or that of warning, gentle prodding, or encouragement. It can also be very objective and matter-of-fact. 3. Clairsentience (clear sensing) is probably the most frequent way intuition manifests in our lives, through hunches, gut feelings, or a sense of knowing without knowing how one knows. This "sensing" is often accompanied by a physical sensation -- for some people in the solar plexus, for others in the heart area. Some feel a prickling of their skin. The physical sensation can vary with each person. This information comes to us in a variety of ways. At times, it comes as a thought that walks across the mind in a natural, subtle manner. When intuition comes to us in this way, it is so much like the regular musings of our mind that we can easily miss it, dismiss it, or mistake it for our own ruminations.
1.5 The Myers-Briggs Intuition Preference People who have a preference for intuition are immersed in their impressions of the meanings or patterns in their experiences. They would rather gain understanding through insight than through hands-on experience. Intuitive types tend to be concerned with what is possible and new, and they have an orientation to the future. They are often interested in the abstract and in theory, and may enjoy activities where they can use symbols or be creative. Their memory of things is often an impression of what they thought was the essence of an event, rather than a memory of the literal words or experiences associated with the event. They often like concepts in and of themselves, even ones that do not have an immediate application, and they learn best when they have an impression of the overall idea first.
People who prefer intuition may: - recall events by what they read "between the lines" at the time - solve problems through quick insight and through making leaps - be interested in doing things that are new and different - Place great trust in insights, symbols, and metaphors - Sometimes focus so much on new possibilities that they miss the practicalities of bringing them into reality.
1.6 Educative Importance of Intuition As an element of educational method intuition means the grasp of knowledge by concrete, experimental or intellectual, ways of apprehension. The immediate perception of sensuous or material objects by our senses is called sensuous or empirical intuition, the immediate apprehension of intellectual or immaterial objects by our intelligence is called intellectual intuition. It may be remarked that Kant calls empirical intuitions our knowledge of objects through sensation, and pure intuition our perception of space and time as the forms a priori of sensibility. Again, our intuitions may be called external or internal, according as the objects perceived are external objects or internal objects or acts. The importance of intuition as a process and element of knowledge is easily seen if we observe that it is intuition which furnishes us with the first experimental data as well as with the primary concepts and the fundamental judgments or principles which are the primitive elements and the foundation of every scientific and philosophical speculation. This importance, however, has been falsely exaggerated to an extent which tends to destroy the validity of human reason. There has been an attempt to make of intuition, under different names, the central and fundamental element of our power of acquiring knowledge, and the only process or operation that can put us into contact with reality.
CHAPTER II SYSTEMATIC STUDY Systematic study is important in scientific courses. Systematic method is experimental method. It is objective. An analyst does not decide how things should be, but observes how things are. A short definition of scientific method is: OBSERVE - HYPOTHESIZE - TEST. Of course, this definition is incomplete. How one analyzes this process and makes conclusions is of basic importance to scientific method.
2.1 Scientific Method The word science has its origins in the Latin verb scire, meaning "to know." Although, one can "know" through tenacity, authority, faith, intuition, or science, the method of science (or the "scientific method") is distinct in its notion of intersubjective certification. In other words, it should be possible for other investigators to ascertain the truth content of scientific explanation(s). "Scientific knowledge thus rests on the bedrock of empirical testability". Empirical replication depends on a comparison of "objective" observations of different researchers studying the phenomenon. The fundamental characteristic of the scientific method is empiricism—knowledge is based on observations, i.e., that all propositions be subjected to an empirical test. It holds on to the doctrine that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience Analysis often includes a syllogistic procedure, deductive and inductive reasoning/generalizing. The criteria for truth are fundamental even before analysis.
2.2 Uniqueness of Scientific Method Scientific method strongly emphasizes empiricism and rationalism over intuition or belief in religious doctrines. Nevertheless, the others do play a role in scientific method. Skepticism is a necessary ingredient to enable us not only to question crackpot ideas, but also to abandon our past preferred theories when a better, more inclusive one turns up. This, indeed, is a major difference between science and intuition. Science in contrast to intuition admits error when it is demonstrated. Science concerns phenomena that are observable by all, allowing experimental results to be replicated. Therefore, there is a constant winnowing and sifting for a better fit of observations and experimental results to one or another hypothesis or theory. Generally, any model is better than none. Current "dogma" is expected to change. When more data are available, a more explicit and inclusive hypothesis or theory can be stated. Since several hypotheses may explain known observation, how does one choose among them? Science employs William of Occam's razor/Law of Parsimony/Law of Economy of Hypotheses: Use the simplest hypothesis that explains all the data. Therefore, a tentative acceptance of a scientific theory is appropriate so long as we are ready to revise the theory if it fails some test.
2.3 The Scientific Attitude is a Critical Attitude Science often begins with criticizing "myths" or "dogma" -- testing or trying to "falsify" the currently accepted notion or hypothesis. Science passes on theories, but also a critical attitude towards them. The critical attitude, the tradition of free discussion of theories with the aim of discovering their weak spots so that they may be improved upon, is the attitude of reasonableness, of rationality. The first school not mainly concerned with the preservation of a dogma was founded by the Greek Thales. This foundation became a tradition of critical discussion in Greek philosophy.
2.4 Science and Objectivity All observation is potentially contaminated, whether by our theories or our worldview or our past experiences, but we should deny the conclusion that science cannot, therefore, objectively choose from among rival theories on the basis of empirical testing. Obviously, if objectivity requires that the choice between rival theories be made with certainty (no possibility of error), then science is not objective. In science, all knowledge claims are tentative, subject to revision on the basis of new evidence. Although science cannot provide one with hundred percent certainty, yet it is the most, if not the only, objective mode of pursuing knowledge. This pursuit is dependent upon the imagination as well as critical and analytical skills of the scientist. It is generally believed that the goal of the pursuit is the discovery of truth.
2.5 Science and Truth Two conceptions of science embody two different valuations of scientific life and of the purpose of scientific enquiry. In the first conception, truth takes shape in the mind of the observer: it is his imaginative grasp of what might be true that provides the incentive for finding out, so far as he can, what is true. This viewpoint is supported by other scholars of science. According to the second conception, truth resides in nature and is to be got at only through the evidence of the senses: apprehension leads by a direct pathway to comprehension, and the scientist's task is essentially one of discernment. Inasmuch as these two sets of opinions contradict each other flatly in every particular, it seems hardly possible that they should both be true; but anyone who has actually done or reflected deeply upon scientific research knows that there is in fact a great deal of truth in both of them. For a scientist must indeed be freely imaginative and yet skeptical, creative and yet a critic. What are usually thought of as two alternative and indeed competing accounts of the two successive and complementary episodes of thought that occur in every advance of scientific understanding. This general conception of science which reconciles the two sets of contradictory opinions is sometimes called the 'hypothetico-deductive' conception.
CHAPTER III COMPLEMENTING INTUITION WITH SYSTEMATIC STUDY IN ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR 3.1 Objectivity and Intuition Western science has a reputation of being "coldly objective" while eastern knowledge is not divorced from emotion, and is said to be guided from the gut. In truth, intuition and passion are critical to scientific inquiry in both eastern and non-eastern contexts, but the eastern approach embraces intuition and feeling readily, while western science approach might view intuition as the least objective part of a process of inquiry, and mistrusts decisions made on intuitive hunches alone. This is a key point in the perceived conflict between science and intuition, but any respected and experienced cultural practitioner would accede that not all hunches are reliable, and that the best intuitive guidance is based on long experience and a subconscious matching of options with what is known to be true. It should also be pointed out that the "objective" approach can be a limitation of western science when it allows for amoral or immoral scientific developments. Some of these have been of extreme disservice to humankind, and such a history accounts for much of the general public's current distrust of "science." However, it is to be noted that intuition can’t get to be as objective as systematic approach; the reason being that intuition is very personal and the person with his emotions is involved in it.
3.2 Limitations of Intuition Intuition also has several limitations. Some of these mirror the advantages of Logic based systems. Intuition based systems cannot do long term predictions. Intuition cannot do high precision predictions, and are not productive. They cannot generate new knowledge by mechanical manipulation of the existing theory since there is no such thing as "theory". Intuition requires prior experience. Intuitions are acquired by learning, and the benefit of learning what happens in a given situation is only available if one encounters the same situation again. Lacking prior experience with an identical situation, one has to make a generalization of a previous "precedent" experience in order to guess what the "consequent" event will be. The limits of relying on intuition are made worse by the fact that people tend to overestimate the accuracy of what they know. Recent surveys reveal that 86 percent of managers thought their organization was treating their employees well. However, only 55 percent of the employees thought they were well treated.
3.3 Need to Complement Intuition with Systematic Study Day in and day out one comes across persons of all walks of life and from varied and diversified cultures, regions, backgrounds and settings. More often than not, one tends or inclined to judge or make conclusions on people at the very first sight, may it be on the efficiency or the capabilities of a person. It is true though that most of these conclusions, as time passes by, prove erroneous. Nevertheless, there is a better scope of making a right and fitting evaluation of a person if one is led to systematically study and understand the behavioral pattern of a person. In as much as Organization Behavior is the field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structures have on behavior within organization for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an organization’s effectiveness, it is very much essential to adopt a well-disciplined and systematic approach in making the work place a pleasant place to be in. In an organization, it is quintessential to take into consideration the sociological influences, psychological bearings, personality traits of a person before concluding or pigeon holing a person to be such and such. In dealing with the colleagues in an organization, it is essential to give time to persons to get acclimatized to new settings and newer colleagues. All these require a systematic approach towards one and all. In an organization, where individuals of all sorts work towards a common goal, there is enrichment owing to the uniqueness of thought, imagination and creativity of every person. Hence, a manager in an institution can not afford to go by some established theories in dealing with the workers. He needs to be discrete in his approach to each one. In fact, a manager needs to deal with each worker differently keeping in mind his/her temperament and personality traits. All these require that Further, a desirable manager is one who relates with his wards individually, situating the person in his wider environment of past experiences. Going by and dealing with people based on one’s impressions isn’t the right way as the one looks at the world with one’s own eyes and not exactly as the world actually is. It is true to fact though, that most of these impressions have a bearing and sometimes come to one’s aid in solving issues but to rely completely on these would be senseless too.
COMPLEMENTING INTUITION WITH SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR
UNDER
THE
GUIDANCE
OF
PROF. VIKRAMAJITH GOSWAMI
Name: Kolhandai Yesu Roll No: 84020 Branch: ECE III College: DBCET
1.2 Intuition – Original and Independent Source of Knowledge In philosophy, intuition is the power of obtaining knowledge that cannot be acquired either by inference or observation, by reason or experience. As such, intuition is thought of as an original, independent source of knowledge, since it is designed to account for just those kinds of knowledge that other sources do not provide. Knowledge of necessary truths and of moral principles is sometimes explained in this way. However, it is to be noted that when a person first becomes alert to intuitive messages it may seem disturbing not to understand the importance or unimportance of the messages. It can be quite frustrating when one gets a message, but does not get any logical reasoning along with it. Explanations usually come along with intuitive messages on a "need to know basis."
1.3 Intuition and Decision Making Intuition is fast. We make life-and-death decisions in split seconds, when we have to, and we are often correct. This is of course the reason Intuition evolved in the first place — it increases our chances of survival. Intuition can encompass the ability to know valid solutions to problems and decision making. For example, the recognition primed decision (RPD) model was described by Gary Klein in order to explain how people can make relatively fast decisions without having to compare options. Klein found that under time pressure, high stakes, and changing parameters, experts used their base of experience to identify similar situations and intuitively choose feasible solutions. The intuition is the pattern-matching process that quickly suggests feasible courses of action. The analysis is the mental simulation, a conscious and deliberate review of the courses of action.
The reliability of one’s intuition depends greatly on past knowledge and occurrences in a specific area. Someone who has more experiences with children will tend to have a better instinct or intuition about what they should do in certain situations. This is not to say that one with a great amount of experience is always going to have an accurate intuition (because some can be biased); however, the chances of it being more reliable are definitely amplified.
1.4 Actual Experience of Intuition The intuitive impressions come in a variety of different ways namely clairvoyance, clairaudience and clairsentience. 1. Clairvoyance (clear seeing or clear vision) is experienced when an individual discerns objects, people, or situations, not with the physical eyes, but with an internal sense sometimes referred to as the "third eye". Such "visions" concern something beyond one's physical view, e.g., in the next room, down the street, or a thousand miles away. 2. Clairaudience (clear hearing) is the ability to receive thoughts or information about a person or situation through an auditory sense instead of a visual one. This information is actually inaudible to the normal hearing range. It can be experienced as delicate sounds such as music, bells, or singing. It might also manifest as a knocking, siren, or other attention-getting sound. Most often, it comes as a voice that is literally heard either directly in the brain or through the auditory sense, as if it comes from beside or behind the person. This voice can have many aspects, at times sounding like the person's own, and at others taking on a change of tone, volume, or pitch and sounding like someone else. It can take on an authoritarian tone or that of warning, gentle prodding, or encouragement. It can also be very objective and matter-of-fact. 3. Clairsentience (clear sensing) is probably the most frequent way intuition manifests in our lives, through hunches, gut feelings, or a sense of knowing without knowing how one knows. This "sensing" is often accompanied by a physical sensation -- for some people in the solar plexus, for others in the heart area. Some feel a prickling of their skin. The physical sensation can vary with each person. This information comes to us in a variety of ways. At times, it comes as a thought that walks across the mind in a natural, subtle manner. When intuition comes to us in this way, it is so much like the regular musings of our mind that we can easily miss it, dismiss it, or mistake it for our own ruminations.
1.5 The Myers-Briggs Intuition Preference People who have a preference for intuition are immersed in their impressions of the meanings or patterns in their experiences. They would rather gain understanding through insight than through hands-on experience. Intuitive types tend to be concerned with what is possible and new, and they have an orientation to the future. They are often interested in the abstract and in theory, and may enjoy activities where they can use symbols or be creative. Their memory of things is often an impression of what they thought was the essence of an event, rather than a memory of the literal words or experiences associated with the event. They often like concepts in and of themselves, even ones that do not have an immediate application, and they learn best when they have an impression of the overall idea first.
People who prefer intuition may: - recall events by what they read "between the lines" at the time - solve problems through quick insight and through making leaps - be interested in doing things that are new and different - Place great trust in insights, symbols, and metaphors - Sometimes focus so much on new possibilities that they miss the practicalities of bringing them into reality.
1.6 Educative Importance of Intuition As an element of educational method intuition means the grasp of knowledge by concrete, experimental or intellectual, ways of apprehension. The immediate perception of sensuous or material objects by our senses is called sensuous or empirical intuition, the immediate apprehension of intellectual or immaterial objects by our intelligence is called intellectual intuition. It may be remarked that Kant calls empirical intuitions our knowledge of objects through sensation, and pure intuition our perception of space and time as the forms a priori of sensibility. Again, our intuitions may be called external or internal, according as the objects perceived are external objects or internal objects or acts. The importance of intuition as a process and element of knowledge is easily seen if we observe that it is intuition which furnishes us with the first experimental data as well as with the primary concepts and the fundamental judgments or principles which are the primitive elements and the foundation of every scientific and philosophical speculation. This importance, however, has been falsely exaggerated to an extent which tends to destroy the validity of human reason. There has been an attempt to make of intuition, under different names, the central and fundamental element of our power of acquiring knowledge, and the only process or operation that can put us into contact with reality.
CHAPTER II SYSTEMATIC STUDY Systematic study is important in scientific courses. Systematic method is experimental method. It is objective. An analyst does not decide how things should be, but observes how things are. A short definition of scientific method is: OBSERVE - HYPOTHESIZE - TEST. Of course, this definition is incomplete. How one analyzes this process and makes conclusions is of basic importance to scientific method.
2.1 Scientific Method The word science has its origins in the Latin verb scire, meaning "to know." Although, one can "know" through tenacity, authority, faith, intuition, or science, the method of science (or the "scientific method") is distinct in its notion of intersubjective certification. In other words, it should be possible for other investigators to ascertain the truth content of scientific explanation(s). "Scientific knowledge thus rests on the bedrock of empirical testability". Empirical replication depends on a comparison of "objective" observations of different researchers studying the phenomenon. The fundamental characteristic of the scientific method is empiricism—knowledge is based on observations, i.e., that all propositions be subjected to an empirical test. It holds on to the doctrine that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience Analysis often includes a syllogistic procedure, deductive and inductive reasoning/generalizing. The criteria for truth are fundamental even before analysis.
2.2 Uniqueness of Scientific Method Scientific method strongly emphasizes empiricism and rationalism over intuition or belief in religious doctrines. Nevertheless, the others do play a role in scientific method. Skepticism is a necessary ingredient to enable us not only to question crackpot ideas, but also to abandon our past preferred theories when a better, more inclusive one turns up. This, indeed, is a major difference between science and intuition. Science in contrast to intuition admits error when it is demonstrated. Science concerns phenomena that are observable by all, allowing experimental results to be replicated. Therefore, there is a constant winnowing and sifting for a better fit of observations and experimental results to one or another hypothesis or theory. Generally, any model is better than none. Current "dogma" is expected to change. When more data are available, a more explicit and inclusive hypothesis or theory can be stated. Since several hypotheses may explain known observation, how does one choose among them? Science employs William of Occam's razor/Law of Parsimony/Law of Economy of Hypotheses: Use the simplest hypothesis that explains all the data. Therefore, a tentative acceptance of a scientific theory is appropriate so long as we are ready to revise the theory if it fails some test.
2.3 The Scientific Attitude is a Critical Attitude Science often begins with criticizing "myths" or "dogma" -- testing or trying to "falsify" the currently accepted notion or hypothesis. Science passes on theories, but also a critical attitude towards them. The critical attitude, the tradition of free discussion of theories with the aim of discovering their weak spots so that they may be improved upon, is the attitude of reasonableness, of rationality. The first school not mainly concerned with the preservation of a dogma was founded by the Greek Thales. This foundation became a tradition of critical discussion in Greek philosophy.
2.4 Science and Objectivity All observation is potentially contaminated, whether by our theories or our worldview or our past experiences, but we should deny the conclusion that science cannot, therefore, objectively choose from among rival theories on the basis of empirical testing. Obviously, if objectivity requires that the choice between rival theories be made with certainty (no possibility of error), then science is not objective. In science, all knowledge claims are tentative, subject to revision on the basis of new evidence. Although science cannot provide one with hundred percent certainty, yet it is the most, if not the only, objective mode of pursuing knowledge. This pursuit is dependent upon the imagination as well as critical and analytical skills of the scientist. It is generally believed that the goal of the pursuit is the discovery of truth.
2.5 Science and Truth Two conceptions of science embody two different valuations of scientific life and of the purpose of scientific enquiry. In the first conception, truth takes shape in the mind of the observer: it is his imaginative grasp of what might be true that provides the incentive for finding out, so far as he can, what is true. This viewpoint is supported by other scholars of science. According to the second conception, truth resides in nature and is to be got at only through the evidence of the senses: apprehension leads by a direct pathway to comprehension, and the scientist's task is essentially one of discernment. Inasmuch as these two sets of opinions contradict each other flatly in every particular, it seems hardly possible that they should both be true; but anyone who has actually done or reflected deeply upon scientific research knows that there is in fact a great deal of truth in both of them. For a scientist must indeed be freely imaginative and yet skeptical, creative and yet a critic. What are usually thought of as two alternative and indeed competing accounts of the two successive and complementary episodes of thought that occur in every advance of scientific understanding. This general conception of science which reconciles the two sets of contradictory opinions is sometimes called the 'hypothetico-deductive' conception.
CHAPTER III COMPLEMENTING INTUITION WITH SYSTEMATIC STUDY IN ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR 3.1 Objectivity and Intuition Western science has a reputation of being "coldly objective" while eastern knowledge is not divorced from emotion, and is said to be guided from the gut. In truth, intuition and passion are critical to scientific inquiry in both eastern and non-eastern contexts, but the eastern approach embraces intuition and feeling readily, while western science approach might view intuition as the least objective part of a process of inquiry, and mistrusts decisions made on intuitive hunches alone. This is a key point in the perceived conflict between science and intuition, but any respected and experienced cultural practitioner would accede that not all hunches are reliable, and that the best intuitive guidance is based on long experience and a subconscious matching of options with what is known to be true. It should also be pointed out that the "objective" approach can be a limitation of western science when it allows for amoral or immoral scientific developments. Some of these have been of extreme disservice to humankind, and such a history accounts for much of the general public's current distrust of "science." However, it is to be noted that intuition can’t get to be as objective as systematic approach; the reason being that intuition is very personal and the person with his emotions is involved in it.
3.2 Limitations of Intuition Intuition also has several limitations. Some of these mirror the advantages of Logic based systems. Intuition based systems cannot do long term predictions. Intuition cannot do high precision predictions, and are not productive. They cannot generate new knowledge by mechanical manipulation of the existing theory since there is no such thing as "theory". Intuition requires prior experience. Intuitions are acquired by learning, and the benefit of learning what happens in a given situation is only available if one encounters the same situation again. Lacking prior experience with an identical situation, one has to make a generalization of a previous "precedent" experience in order to guess what the "consequent" event will be. The limits of relying on intuition are made worse by the fact that people tend to overestimate the accuracy of what they know. Recent surveys reveal that 86 percent of managers thought their organization was treating their employees well. However, only 55 percent of the employees thought they were well treated.
3.3 Need to Complement Intuition with Systematic Study Day in and day out one comes across persons of all walks of life and from varied and diversified cultures, regions, backgrounds and settings. More often than not, one tends or inclined to judge or make conclusions on people at the very first sight, may it be on the efficiency or the capabilities of a person. It is true though that most of these conclusions, as time passes by, prove erroneous. Nevertheless, there is a better scope of making a right and fitting evaluation of a person if one is led to systematically study and understand the behavioral pattern of a person. In as much as Organization Behavior is the field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structures have on behavior within organization for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an organization’s effectiveness, it is very much essential to adopt a well-disciplined and systematic approach in making the work place a pleasant place to be in. In an organization, it is quintessential to take into consideration the sociological influences, psychological bearings, personality traits of a person before concluding or pigeon holing a person to be such and such. In dealing with the colleagues in an organization, it is essential to give time to persons to get acclimatized to new settings and newer colleagues. All these require a systematic approach towards one and all. In an organization, where individuals of all sorts work towards a common goal, there is enrichment owing to the uniqueness of thought, imagination and creativity of every person. Hence, a manager in an institution can not afford to go by some established theories in dealing with the workers. He needs to be discrete in his approach to each one. In fact, a manager needs to deal with each worker differently keeping in mind his/her temperament and personality traits. All these require that Further, a desirable manager is one who relates with his wards individually, situating the person in his wider environment of past experiences. Going by and dealing with people based on one’s impressions isn’t the right way as the one looks at the world with one’s own eyes and not exactly as the world actually is. It is true to fact though, that most of these impressions have a bearing and sometimes come to one’s aid in solving issues but to rely completely on these would be senseless too.
COMPLEMENTING INTUITION WITH SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR
UNDER
THE
GUIDANCE
OF
PROF. VIKRAMAJITH GOSWAMI
Name: Kolhandai Yesu Roll No: 84020 Branch: ECE III College: DBCET
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