Introduction To Pathology By Dr Saleh

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Pathology - 2006 / 2007

Dr. Saleh Sowayan

THE BEST OF BOTH in General Pathology

Lecture 1 :Done by ِ Amani Al-Zayani

Teacher: Dr. Sowayan Pathology 1st lecture AMANI AL-ZAYANI

Pathology - 2006 / 2007

Abnormal anatomy Abnormal physiology Abnormal biochemistry

Dr. Saleh Sowayan

Pathology

Nosology: (‫)علم تصنيف المراض‬ Nosology is a branch of medical science that deals with classification of diseases Noso- =‫( مرض‬disease) Pathology: (‫)علم المراض‬ Pathology is the scientific study of disease Patho- = ‫ممرض‬

disease ‫نقصد بالـ‬ Any kind of suffering

Pathology connects the basic science with the clinical science

: ‫ نقسمه إلى‬Pathology ‫عشان نسهل الـ‬ ‫اللي راح ناخذه‬ ‫السنة هاذي‬ AMANI AL-ZAYANI

Pathology - 2006 / 2007

Dr. Saleh Sowayan Pathology

General pathology Systemic pathology

General pathology: deals with the basic Systemic pathology: is the study of the mechanism of the disease. systems with these basic things. e.g. e.g. (Inflammation) (‫ معين‬system ‫مثل إلتهاب في الكبد )مسكنا‬ inflammation ‫♣نشوف شلون يصير الـ‬ general pathology ‫– عرفنـا الخطوات الثابتـة فـي الــ‬ inflammation ‫♣الخطوات )الثابتـــــة( للــــــ‬ ‫ )كـل المراض لهـا قوالب‬.‫ونعرف القالب حقـه‬ (‫معينة ما تتبدل‬ The basic mechanisms of inflammation are the same ‫ أو في الـ‬intestine ‫ أو في الـ‬brain ‫سواءً كان إلتهاب في الـ‬ liver ‫ أو في الـ‬lungs

systems ‫( عشان نطبقها على الـ‬basic mechanism of disease) ‫احنا راح ندرس الـ‬ : ‫ – على حسب المواضيع – إلى‬Pathology ‫نقسم الـ‬ Pathology Anatomic Pathology (Histopathology) (Cytopathology)

Anatomic pathology: deals with tissue

Clinical Pathology (‫)علم المراض السريرية‬

Clinical pathology: deals with fluids

(Full definition  Anatomic pathology is the (Full definition  the science of diagnosing branch of pathology that is concerned with the diseases based on the analysis of body fluids) diagnosis of disease based on the gross and microscopic examination of cells and tissues.) e.g.

e.g.

Urine, faeces, Blood etc.

Muscle tissue ‫ عينة من الـ‬Clinical pathology (‫)زي‬ ‫عينة من أنسجة الصدر للكشف عن سرطان الثدي‬ thyroid swelling ‫ في حالة الـ‬thyroid tissue ‫عينة من الـ‬

Hematology Biochemistry Microbiology Forensic Pathology

Forensic Pathology:  Biopsy Dealing with medico-legal cases (‫)الحالت الطبية الجنائية الشرعية‬ AMANI AL-ZAYANI

Pathology - 2006 / 2007

Dr. Saleh Sowayan

‫ حالت الغتصاب‬: ‫ مثل‬ ( ‫مو لزم جثة )مو شرط يكون ميت الواحد‬ Biopsy ‫عشان نعمل تشخيص نحتاج عينة‬ Biopsy: A tissue which is removed from an organ or the body for diagnosis Types of Biopsy: 1- Closed Biopsy  No incision, using a needle to take a tissue sample. E.g. liver biopsy 2- Open Biopsy  making an incision (an opening) 3- Excisional Biopsy  a type of open Biopsy ‫ ؟‬Excisional biopsy ‫ والـ‬open Biopsy ‫•وش الفرق بين الـ‬ ‫مثل وحدة عندها‬ A mass in her breast (mass (closed biopsy ‫ودخلنا البرة وسحبنا من الـ‬ !! ... ‫كويس‬ ‫ مو كافية‬cells ‫وبعدين قالو إن الـ‬ ‫وش يسوون ؟؟؟؟‬ opening ‫يسوون‬ ( ‫ )بعيد الشر عنكم‬cancer ‫وبعدين طلع عندها‬ ‫وش يسوون‬ (Excisional Biopsy ‫ممكن يفتحون )يسوون‬ ‫ يعني‬Excision Removal of the whole mass or the whole organ Information from Old notes: Excisional Biopsy: the mass or the entire organ is removed. FOR: a. Diagnosis b. Treatment of the patient General Pathology: E.g. AIDS sexual activity blood transfusion

AMANI AL-ZAYANI

Pathology - 2006 / 2007

Dr. Saleh Sowayan

1- Causes (Etiology) For every disease there is more than one cause (Multi causes)

(exception) ‫إل حاجتين‬ ‫ما هما هاتان‬ ‫الحاجتان اللتان‬ ‫لهما سبب واحد؟‬

There are 2 conditions that have only ONE cause: 1. Certain genetic diseases:

Especially  enzyme deficiency (which are controlled by a gene) 2. very severe infections: ‫ما نقدر نقول إن السبب إهمال المريض ول قلة نظافة ول قلة تغذية‬ e.g. Rabies (‫)داء الكلب_ سعار‬ etiology ‫بعد ما نعرف الـ‬ etiology pathogen ‫ما يحتاج نقول فيه سبب واحد نقدر نسميه‬ etiology ‫ داخلة في الـ‬Risk factors ‫الـ‬ 2- Mechanism (pathogenesis):

The mechanism by which the disease take place It is always (mythic*) * Not sure if the spelling 3- Morphology: (‫)التغيرات‬

‫شنو التغيرات؟‬ • •

Gross appearance (Macroscopic appearance)  ‫يمكن رؤيتها بالعين المجردة‬ Microscopic appearance  ‫ل يمكن رؤيتها بالعين المجردة‬ 4- Clinical features:

AMANI AL-ZAYANI

Pathology - 2006 / 2007

Dr. Saleh Sowayan

Symptoms  is what the patient tells the doctor (complains from) Signs  ‫( التغيرات التي تصير ويلحظها الدكتور‬what the physician sees) Findings  x-ray ‫نتيجة الفحوصات والـ‬ Forme Fruste of disease A very mild form of a disease (‫)خفيف‬ 5- Diagnosis: Diagnosis is the name given to a disease

‫الدكتور سأل عن كلمة‬

Diathesis ‫نستخدمها خاصة في الـ‬ hematology ‫يحبون يجيبونها دايما بالمتحانات‬ bones ‫خاصة بالـ‬

Diathesis  from the dictionary A higher than average tendency to acquire certain diseases such as allergies, rheumatic disease or gout. Such diseases may run in families, BUT they are not inherited.

Bleeding Diathesis?? ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Pathology books: Pathology basis of disease (Robbins) ‫الكتاب الـ مو مقرر‬ Basic pathology (Robbins) ‫الكتاب المقرر‬ Pocket book (Robbins)

‫ ول تنسون تدعون لي‬... ‫و سامحوني عن أي خطأ‬... ‫أعتذر عن التأخير‬

AMANI AL-ZAYANI

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