Input Output
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Chapter 5 Input and Output
Learning Objectives
Identify several types of input and output devices and explain their functions. Describe the characteristics of the input equipment that most users encounter regularly—namely, keyboards and pointing devices. Explain what source data automation is and discuss how scanners and other devices can be used to accomplish it. List several types of multimedia input devices and discuss their purposes.
Learning Objectives, cont’d.
Describe the characteristics of the output equipment that most users encounter regularly—namely, display devices and printers. Discuss several types of multimedia output equipment. Explain what a multifunction device is and list some advantages and disadvantages of using such a device.
Overview
This chapter covers:
Equipment designed primarily for input of programs and data into the computer system, or for output, or for both.
Many other types of input/output devices exist, but this chapter covers a good sampling of the most widely used ones.
Input and Output
In put dev ices convert data and programs that people can understand into a form comprehensible to the CPU.
Out put dev ice s convert the strings of bits used by the computer back into a form that people can understand.
Keyboards
Keyboards can differ in number of keys, key arrangement, types of special keys, and touch.
Function keys enable software packages to be customized to meet a user's applications needs. The numeric keypad makes it easy to enter numbers quickly.
Pointing Devices: Mouse
Older mechanical mice move a ball on the bottom of the mouse.
Newer optical mice are completely sealed and don’t require cleaning.
Common mouse operations are clicking, scrolling, and dragging and dropping.
Pointing Devices: Electronic Pens
Ele ctr onic p en: an alternative to the mouse to select objects or to write or draw on the screen
Devices that use pen input: Graphics tablets Signature capture devices Pen-based computers
Pointing Devices: Touch Screens
Touch scree ns are used:
When other input devices are impractical
When consumer input is required, as in consumer kiosks
Other Pointing Devices
Joystick Trackball Pointing stick Touch pad
Scanners and Related Devices
Source data automation involves collecting data in machine-readable form as soon as it is generated. Source data automation is used to convert source documents into digital form and commonly utilizes some type of scanner.
Optical Scanners
Opt ical scan ne r: converts hard-copy images of text pages, photographs, and drawings into digital form
Types of image scanners: Flatbed Sheet-fed Hand-held Drum Three-dimensional
Optical Readers
Optical marks
Optical characters
Optical codes
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition Reader
Mag net ic i nk ch ar act er reco gniti on is used primarily with processing checks. Readers can read the special magnetic characters, as well as sort documents by their codes.
Multimedia Input: Digital Cameras
Dig it al came ras record data onto digital media instead of film.
The camera is either connected to a port on the PC or media is inserted into a reader attached to the PC.
Software that comes with the camera then allows you to transfer images to the PC and erase media so more photos can be taken.
Multimedia Input: Video Cameras
Video cameras can be used to either record or send images over the Internet. Video input can also be obtained by using special hardware to transfer conventional video images to the computer.
Multimedia Input: Audio Input Devices
Vo ice- inpu t sys te ms convert spoken words to digital data.
Music-input systems can record musical input for use with a multimedia presentation or to be edited or combined with other input.
Telephony is the process of performing telephoneoriented tasks using a computer.
Display Devices
Disp lay dev ices are the most common type of output device.
PC displays are commonly called mo ni tors.
The cursor, or insertion point, indicates where editing or typing will appear on the display screen.
Size
Most monitors today are about 17 inches wide, measured diagonally.
The actual viewing area is typically less than the stated size.
Resolution
Resolution refers to the sharpness of the screen image. Images are formed by lighting up tiny dots on the screen called pixel s.
Graphics Standards
Computer graphics standards specify such characteristics as the possible resolutions and number of colors that can be used.
Video cards connect the monitor to the PC and support a particular graphics standard, such as SVGA. Video cards typically contain video RAM to support the number of colors and resolutions allowed, as well as to help speed up image display.
Color vs. Monochrome Displays
Most color displays are of the RGB type. RGB displays combinations of red, blue, and green light to form other colors.
CRT vs. Flat-Panel Displays
Most desktop display devices use CRT technology, similar to conventional television technology.
Fl at -pan el di sp la ys are compact, lightweight, and consume little power. Ideal for notebook computers Most use liquid crystal display (LCD) technology
HDTV
HDTV is a new type of television that supports highresolution digital broadcasts. All broadcasting is expected to eventually be high definition.
Characteristics of Printers
Print resolution is commonly measured in dots per inch (dpi).
Impact printers use metal hammers to strike a ribbon or paper. The large majority of the printers sold today are nonimpact printers. Do not depend on the impact of metal hammers; contain fewer moving parts
Personal Printers: Laser
Laser pri nter s often cost between $200 and $400 and print 5 to 12 pages per minute (ppm), at resolutions of at least 600 dpi.
Work similarly to photocopy machines.
Are usually black and white, though color laser printers are available.
Personal Printers: Ink-Jet
In k-jet prin ter s produce images by spraying thousands of droplets of electrically charged ink onto a page.
Technology of choice for home users who want to produce affordable, hard-copy color output from desktop systems.
Network Printers
A network printer is shared by several people over a local area network. Line printers print a whole line at a time rather than just a character. Page printers can produce a page of output at a time. Network laser printers are faster and hold more paper than personal versions.
Special Purpose Printers
Photo printers
Portable printers
Bar-code printers
Plotters
Label printers
Wide-format ink-jet printers
Multimedia Output Devices
Speakers
Data and multimedia projectors
Voice-output systems
Multifunction Devices
A multifunction device offers some combination of:
Printing
Copying
Scanning
Faxing
Learning Objectives
Identify several types of input and output devices and explain their functions. Describe the characteristics of the input equipment that most users encounter regularly—namely, keyboards and pointing devices. Explain what source data automation is and discuss how scanners and other devices can be used to accomplish it. List several types of multimedia input devices and discuss their purposes.
Learning Objectives, cont’d.
Describe the characteristics of the output equipment that most users encounter regularly—namely, display devices and printers. Discuss several types of multimedia output equipment. Explain what a multifunction device is and list some advantages and disadvantages of using such a device.
Overview
This chapter covers:
Equipment designed primarily for input of programs and data into the computer system, or for output, or for both.
Many other types of input/output devices exist, but this chapter covers a good sampling of the most widely used ones.
Input and Output
In put dev ices convert data and programs that people can understand into a form comprehensible to the CPU.
Out put dev ice s convert the strings of bits used by the computer back into a form that people can understand.
Keyboards
Keyboards can differ in number of keys, key arrangement, types of special keys, and touch.
Function keys enable software packages to be customized to meet a user's applications needs. The numeric keypad makes it easy to enter numbers quickly.
Pointing Devices: Mouse
Older mechanical mice move a ball on the bottom of the mouse.
Newer optical mice are completely sealed and don’t require cleaning.
Common mouse operations are clicking, scrolling, and dragging and dropping.
Pointing Devices: Electronic Pens
Ele ctr onic p en: an alternative to the mouse to select objects or to write or draw on the screen
Devices that use pen input: Graphics tablets Signature capture devices Pen-based computers
Pointing Devices: Touch Screens
Touch scree ns are used:
When other input devices are impractical
When consumer input is required, as in consumer kiosks
Other Pointing Devices
Joystick Trackball Pointing stick Touch pad
Scanners and Related Devices
Source data automation involves collecting data in machine-readable form as soon as it is generated. Source data automation is used to convert source documents into digital form and commonly utilizes some type of scanner.
Optical Scanners
Opt ical scan ne r: converts hard-copy images of text pages, photographs, and drawings into digital form
Types of image scanners: Flatbed Sheet-fed Hand-held Drum Three-dimensional
Optical Readers
Optical marks
Optical characters
Optical codes
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition Reader
Mag net ic i nk ch ar act er reco gniti on is used primarily with processing checks. Readers can read the special magnetic characters, as well as sort documents by their codes.
Multimedia Input: Digital Cameras
Dig it al came ras record data onto digital media instead of film.
The camera is either connected to a port on the PC or media is inserted into a reader attached to the PC.
Software that comes with the camera then allows you to transfer images to the PC and erase media so more photos can be taken.
Multimedia Input: Video Cameras
Video cameras can be used to either record or send images over the Internet. Video input can also be obtained by using special hardware to transfer conventional video images to the computer.
Multimedia Input: Audio Input Devices
Vo ice- inpu t sys te ms convert spoken words to digital data.
Music-input systems can record musical input for use with a multimedia presentation or to be edited or combined with other input.
Telephony is the process of performing telephoneoriented tasks using a computer.
Display Devices
Disp lay dev ices are the most common type of output device.
PC displays are commonly called mo ni tors.
The cursor, or insertion point, indicates where editing or typing will appear on the display screen.
Size
Most monitors today are about 17 inches wide, measured diagonally.
The actual viewing area is typically less than the stated size.
Resolution
Resolution refers to the sharpness of the screen image. Images are formed by lighting up tiny dots on the screen called pixel s.
Graphics Standards
Computer graphics standards specify such characteristics as the possible resolutions and number of colors that can be used.
Video cards connect the monitor to the PC and support a particular graphics standard, such as SVGA. Video cards typically contain video RAM to support the number of colors and resolutions allowed, as well as to help speed up image display.
Color vs. Monochrome Displays
Most color displays are of the RGB type. RGB displays combinations of red, blue, and green light to form other colors.
CRT vs. Flat-Panel Displays
Most desktop display devices use CRT technology, similar to conventional television technology.
Fl at -pan el di sp la ys are compact, lightweight, and consume little power. Ideal for notebook computers Most use liquid crystal display (LCD) technology
HDTV
HDTV is a new type of television that supports highresolution digital broadcasts. All broadcasting is expected to eventually be high definition.
Characteristics of Printers
Print resolution is commonly measured in dots per inch (dpi).
Impact printers use metal hammers to strike a ribbon or paper. The large majority of the printers sold today are nonimpact printers. Do not depend on the impact of metal hammers; contain fewer moving parts
Personal Printers: Laser
Laser pri nter s often cost between $200 and $400 and print 5 to 12 pages per minute (ppm), at resolutions of at least 600 dpi.
Work similarly to photocopy machines.
Are usually black and white, though color laser printers are available.
Personal Printers: Ink-Jet
In k-jet prin ter s produce images by spraying thousands of droplets of electrically charged ink onto a page.
Technology of choice for home users who want to produce affordable, hard-copy color output from desktop systems.
Network Printers
A network printer is shared by several people over a local area network. Line printers print a whole line at a time rather than just a character. Page printers can produce a page of output at a time. Network laser printers are faster and hold more paper than personal versions.
Special Purpose Printers
Photo printers
Portable printers
Bar-code printers
Plotters
Label printers
Wide-format ink-jet printers
Multimedia Output Devices
Speakers
Data and multimedia projectors
Voice-output systems
Multifunction Devices
A multifunction device offers some combination of:
Printing
Copying
Scanning
Faxing
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