Indian Innovation: From Gandhi To Gandhian Engineering
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Indian Innovation: From Gandhi To Gandhian Engineering as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 1,328
- Pages: 81
Indian Innovation: From Gandhi to Gandhian Engineering R A Mashelkar
Mahatma Gandhi Engineered the Indian Freedom Movement Innovated through nonviolence Selfless, Compassionate, Unconventional Better world for all, not just a few!
Guiding Innovation Principles •Ahimsa (Non Violence) •Swadeshi (Self Reliance)
•Charkha (Tool & Symbol of Independence Movement)
Innovation Doing Things Differently Making a Big Difference Making Impossible Possible
The Challenge: Including the Excluded!
Engineering Challenge: Getting More from Less
Can all these functions be combined in to one?
Calculator Telephone Computer, email, internet
Music System
Camera Video Camera
Only Engineers can do it!
MORE FROM LESS
Moore’s Law- More from Less Gordon E. Moore The Intel co-founder and chairman emeritus
•Moore‟s Law: Almost since the inception of the IC, the number of transistors incorporated into a memory chip has increased by a factor of 4 every 3 years with unerring regularity.
The growth in complexity of Si IC technology as measured by the number of transistors in a dynamic random-access memory(DRAM) NUANCE Center
VPD Group
But this laptop is for $2000 Can we make it for $ 100?
“I would prize every invention of Science made for the benefit for all” - Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhian Engineering: Getting More from Less for More
January 2006
5 May 2005
10 May 2005
Corporate
Gandhian Engineering
Performance
Performance
From Less
Cost
Cost
For More
Private Good
Public Good
Value to the Shareholder
Value to Humanity
Profit
People
More
Paradigm Shifts through Gandhian Engineering From
To
Low Cost
Ultra Low Cost
Affordability
Extreme Affordability
Incremental Innovation
Disruptive Innovation
Exclusive Innovation
Inclusive Innovation
High
Performance
Haves
Have - Nots
Low
Price
High
High
Performance
Haves
Have - Nots
Low
Price
High
High
Haves
Performance
Have - Nots
Low
Price
High
Innovator “Innovator is one who does not know that it cannot be done”
“Innovator is one, who sees what everyone sees, but thinks of what no one else thinks”
TATA NANO
Car
Year introduced in U.S.
Horse power
Price
Model T
1908
20
19,700
Beetle
1956
24
11,333
Mini
1961
34
11,777
Tata Motors
2008
33
2,000
„ Adjusted to 2007 U.S. dollars Source : Tata Motors
Transformational Innovation
“Very soon, your chauffeur will drive to your house in a Nano. You will need to make space in your driveway for your chauffeur's car, but more importantly, you will need to make space in your minds for this transformation.” - R A Mashelkar
Getting More from Less for More Innovative technology Innovative processes Innovative systems Innovative delivery models Innovative…………….
Game Changing Innovation: Phone call at the price of a post card!!
DEC 2002
Getting More from Less for More
The Indian game has changed!! – World’s lowest call rates – World’s fastest growth of subscribers – World’s cheapest mobile handset
And the World is learning!
Technologies to be Medicines for the poor • • • •
Available Affordable Accessible Appropriate
Current Drug Development: Getting Less X from More X for Less X
PSORIASIS
Psoriasis Treatment Leading US Bio pharmaceutical firm Antibody injection under the skin Cost of treatment: $20000! Time for Development: 10 years! Cost of Development: Few hundred million dollars!
Gandhian Engineering: Getting More from Less for More
Psoriasis Treatment $50? Cost of treatment: $20000! Time for Development: 10 years! 5 years? Cost of Development: Few hundred million dollars!
X
X X
< $10 mn?
“When you wish to achieve results that have not been achieved before, it is an unwise fancy to think that they can be achieved by using methods that have not been used before.” - Sir Francis Bacon
Reverse Pharmacology Approach (CSIR Innovations)
Drug AP9CD
Clinical Indication Breast Cancer
Industrial Partners Indigene
RRLJ-CD-SFE
Psoriasis
Genova Biotech
NMITLI-OA-JP
Osteo-arthritis
Cadilla Pharma
NMITLI-DM-FN
Type II Diabetes
RRLJ0125-F09
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hypertension
Sree Dhootpapeswar Indigene
RJM0035
Gandhian Engineer India’s first recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine
More from Less International
Hepatitis B- $18 per dose
40 Cents per dose!!
For More! 40% of UNICEF’s Hep B vaccine supply
More From Less For More!
the poor Technologiesfor to be • • • •
Available Affordable Accessible Appropriate
Cost $ 12000 to $18000
4 billion people Income- Less than $2 a day Will take 15 years income to buy this foot alone!!
20
Million premature babies born every year
450
Of them die each hour
$20000
Cost of one traditional hospital incubator
$25 Incubator No electricity, no moving parts, portable and safe
Aravind Eye Care Motivation: Eradicate all needless blindness (Dr G Venkataswamy) Innovation: Organization of workflow- From patient identification to postoperative care Surgeries per year: ~ 200000 Costs: $ 30 to $ 300 (US costs ~$3000!) Financing model: Differential pricing (~40% of patients getting it free)
More(higher quality) from Less (cost) Event
Aravind
Royal College of Ophthalmologists, UK
Capsule rupture
2.0%
4.4%
Iris trauma
0.3%
0.7%
Iris prolapse
0.01%
0.07%
Anterior chamber collapse
0.3%
0.5%
Loss of nuclear fragment
0.2%
0.3%
Retained lens material
0.87%
1.1%
Loss of IOL into vitreous
0.01%
0.16%
From Printing Press to Google - More from Less for More
- Movement for Centuries
Democratization of information and knowledge
More- Information Less- Cost and time More- Access
The Google Search
More – Information and knowledge Less- Money (actually zero) For More- Internet penetration, Google Mobile By More- Solicit website linkages
The Great Indian Challenge
What can you search when you can’t read?
- Getting More from Less Illiteracy in India • 200 Million illiterates • Illiteracy reducing at 1.3 % per annum • Around 20 years to clear the backlog Can we do it in 5 years? Can we do it in $2 per person?
By Kohli led TCS team
Getting More From Less For More
An illiterate woman can start reading in 6-8 weeks Cost- Rs 100 per person= $2.0
The Great Global Challenge
What can you read when you can’t see?
THE DARK SIDE…
-1.6 billion people in the world have no access to electricity - 579 million of those reside in India Which is ~ 50% of India’s population!
Ray of Hope- Gandhian Engineering 4 min pedaling= 4 hours of Light! The Leg Power
75 watt Generator
Most Modern and Efficient Lighting Devices- LED!
Most Modern Energy Storage Device- UltraCapacitors!
High Performance at Ultra Low Cost Products
From
To
Psoriasis Treatment
$20000
$100
Artificial Foot
$12000
$28
Cataract Surgery
$3000
$30
Laptop
$2000
$100
Hepatitis B Vaccine
$18
$0.4
Gandhian Engineering: Getting More from Less for More ……..and by More and More!
Grand Challenge in Global Health Initiative(2005) (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation) • Improving childhood vaccines – Creative effective single-dose vaccines that can be used soon after the birth – Prepare vaccines that do not require refrigeration – Develop needle free delivery systems for vaccines
Winners • • • • • •
Harvard Caltech Yale Cambridge Oxford From developing world – Only Peking University, China WHY ?
More than 2 billion people are affected with TB 2deaths every 3mins in India CSIR Open Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) Initiative -Collaboratively aggregate the biological and genetic information available to scientists to hasten the discovery of drugs -A global web-based platform for scientists and students to share research and collaborate on neglected diseases -1500 partners, 60 institutions from 30 countries!
Crowdsourcing vaccine challenges
Democratization of Innovation “Just as every life is equal, every mind is innovative”
Stanford University
Student Competition for BOP Grand Challenges
Global Indigenous Knowledge and Innovation Partnership (New York- 26 Sept 2008)
The Last Century: Will the Civilization Survive the 21st Century? Blackett Memorial Lecture Indian National Science Academy
Lord Martin Reese, President, Royal Society New Delhi- 9th Jan 2007 Copyright © 2007, Procter & Gamble, All rights reserved.
Deep Concerns Climate Change Global Warming Stratospheric Ozone Layer Depletion Ravaging of biodiversity by modern society Others…..
Mahatma Gandhi said: “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need, but not every man’s greed” MORE FROM LESS “I would prize every invention of Science made for the benefit for all” FOR MORE
Gandhian Engineering More From Less For More …..By More and More….
R A Mashelkar [email protected]
Mahatma Gandhi Engineered the Indian Freedom Movement Innovated through nonviolence Selfless, Compassionate, Unconventional Better world for all, not just a few!
Guiding Innovation Principles •Ahimsa (Non Violence) •Swadeshi (Self Reliance)
•Charkha (Tool & Symbol of Independence Movement)
Innovation Doing Things Differently Making a Big Difference Making Impossible Possible
The Challenge: Including the Excluded!
Engineering Challenge: Getting More from Less
Can all these functions be combined in to one?
Calculator Telephone Computer, email, internet
Music System
Camera Video Camera
Only Engineers can do it!
MORE FROM LESS
Moore’s Law- More from Less Gordon E. Moore The Intel co-founder and chairman emeritus
•Moore‟s Law: Almost since the inception of the IC, the number of transistors incorporated into a memory chip has increased by a factor of 4 every 3 years with unerring regularity.
The growth in complexity of Si IC technology as measured by the number of transistors in a dynamic random-access memory(DRAM) NUANCE Center
VPD Group
But this laptop is for $2000 Can we make it for $ 100?
“I would prize every invention of Science made for the benefit for all” - Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhian Engineering: Getting More from Less for More
January 2006
5 May 2005
10 May 2005
Corporate
Gandhian Engineering
Performance
Performance
From Less
Cost
Cost
For More
Private Good
Public Good
Value to the Shareholder
Value to Humanity
Profit
People
More
Paradigm Shifts through Gandhian Engineering From
To
Low Cost
Ultra Low Cost
Affordability
Extreme Affordability
Incremental Innovation
Disruptive Innovation
Exclusive Innovation
Inclusive Innovation
High
Performance
Haves
Have - Nots
Low
Price
High
High
Performance
Haves
Have - Nots
Low
Price
High
High
Haves
Performance
Have - Nots
Low
Price
High
Innovator “Innovator is one who does not know that it cannot be done”
“Innovator is one, who sees what everyone sees, but thinks of what no one else thinks”
TATA NANO
Car
Year introduced in U.S.
Horse power
Price
Model T
1908
20
19,700
Beetle
1956
24
11,333
Mini
1961
34
11,777
Tata Motors
2008
33
2,000
„ Adjusted to 2007 U.S. dollars Source : Tata Motors
Transformational Innovation
“Very soon, your chauffeur will drive to your house in a Nano. You will need to make space in your driveway for your chauffeur's car, but more importantly, you will need to make space in your minds for this transformation.” - R A Mashelkar
Getting More from Less for More Innovative technology Innovative processes Innovative systems Innovative delivery models Innovative…………….
Game Changing Innovation: Phone call at the price of a post card!!
DEC 2002
Getting More from Less for More
The Indian game has changed!! – World’s lowest call rates – World’s fastest growth of subscribers – World’s cheapest mobile handset
And the World is learning!
Technologies to be Medicines for the poor • • • •
Available Affordable Accessible Appropriate
Current Drug Development: Getting Less X from More X for Less X
PSORIASIS
Psoriasis Treatment Leading US Bio pharmaceutical firm Antibody injection under the skin Cost of treatment: $20000! Time for Development: 10 years! Cost of Development: Few hundred million dollars!
Gandhian Engineering: Getting More from Less for More
Psoriasis Treatment $50? Cost of treatment: $20000! Time for Development: 10 years! 5 years? Cost of Development: Few hundred million dollars!
X
X X
< $10 mn?
“When you wish to achieve results that have not been achieved before, it is an unwise fancy to think that they can be achieved by using methods that have not been used before.” - Sir Francis Bacon
Reverse Pharmacology Approach (CSIR Innovations)
Drug AP9CD
Clinical Indication Breast Cancer
Industrial Partners Indigene
RRLJ-CD-SFE
Psoriasis
Genova Biotech
NMITLI-OA-JP
Osteo-arthritis
Cadilla Pharma
NMITLI-DM-FN
Type II Diabetes
RRLJ0125-F09
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hypertension
Sree Dhootpapeswar Indigene
RJM0035
Gandhian Engineer India’s first recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine
More from Less International
Hepatitis B- $18 per dose
40 Cents per dose!!
For More! 40% of UNICEF’s Hep B vaccine supply
More From Less For More!
the poor Technologiesfor to be • • • •
Available Affordable Accessible Appropriate
Cost $ 12000 to $18000
4 billion people Income- Less than $2 a day Will take 15 years income to buy this foot alone!!
20
Million premature babies born every year
450
Of them die each hour
$20000
Cost of one traditional hospital incubator
$25 Incubator No electricity, no moving parts, portable and safe
Aravind Eye Care Motivation: Eradicate all needless blindness (Dr G Venkataswamy) Innovation: Organization of workflow- From patient identification to postoperative care Surgeries per year: ~ 200000 Costs: $ 30 to $ 300 (US costs ~$3000!) Financing model: Differential pricing (~40% of patients getting it free)
More(higher quality) from Less (cost) Event
Aravind
Royal College of Ophthalmologists, UK
Capsule rupture
2.0%
4.4%
Iris trauma
0.3%
0.7%
Iris prolapse
0.01%
0.07%
Anterior chamber collapse
0.3%
0.5%
Loss of nuclear fragment
0.2%
0.3%
Retained lens material
0.87%
1.1%
Loss of IOL into vitreous
0.01%
0.16%
From Printing Press to Google - More from Less for More
- Movement for Centuries
Democratization of information and knowledge
More- Information Less- Cost and time More- Access
The Google Search
More – Information and knowledge Less- Money (actually zero) For More- Internet penetration, Google Mobile By More- Solicit website linkages
The Great Indian Challenge
What can you search when you can’t read?
- Getting More from Less Illiteracy in India • 200 Million illiterates • Illiteracy reducing at 1.3 % per annum • Around 20 years to clear the backlog Can we do it in 5 years? Can we do it in $2 per person?
By Kohli led TCS team
Getting More From Less For More
An illiterate woman can start reading in 6-8 weeks Cost- Rs 100 per person= $2.0
The Great Global Challenge
What can you read when you can’t see?
THE DARK SIDE…
-1.6 billion people in the world have no access to electricity - 579 million of those reside in India Which is ~ 50% of India’s population!
Ray of Hope- Gandhian Engineering 4 min pedaling= 4 hours of Light! The Leg Power
75 watt Generator
Most Modern and Efficient Lighting Devices- LED!
Most Modern Energy Storage Device- UltraCapacitors!
High Performance at Ultra Low Cost Products
From
To
Psoriasis Treatment
$20000
$100
Artificial Foot
$12000
$28
Cataract Surgery
$3000
$30
Laptop
$2000
$100
Hepatitis B Vaccine
$18
$0.4
Gandhian Engineering: Getting More from Less for More ……..and by More and More!
Grand Challenge in Global Health Initiative(2005) (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation) • Improving childhood vaccines – Creative effective single-dose vaccines that can be used soon after the birth – Prepare vaccines that do not require refrigeration – Develop needle free delivery systems for vaccines
Winners • • • • • •
Harvard Caltech Yale Cambridge Oxford From developing world – Only Peking University, China WHY ?
More than 2 billion people are affected with TB 2deaths every 3mins in India CSIR Open Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) Initiative -Collaboratively aggregate the biological and genetic information available to scientists to hasten the discovery of drugs -A global web-based platform for scientists and students to share research and collaborate on neglected diseases -1500 partners, 60 institutions from 30 countries!
Crowdsourcing vaccine challenges
Democratization of Innovation “Just as every life is equal, every mind is innovative”
Stanford University
Student Competition for BOP Grand Challenges
Global Indigenous Knowledge and Innovation Partnership (New York- 26 Sept 2008)
The Last Century: Will the Civilization Survive the 21st Century? Blackett Memorial Lecture Indian National Science Academy
Lord Martin Reese, President, Royal Society New Delhi- 9th Jan 2007 Copyright © 2007, Procter & Gamble, All rights reserved.
Deep Concerns Climate Change Global Warming Stratospheric Ozone Layer Depletion Ravaging of biodiversity by modern society Others…..
Mahatma Gandhi said: “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need, but not every man’s greed” MORE FROM LESS “I would prize every invention of Science made for the benefit for all” FOR MORE
Gandhian Engineering More From Less For More …..By More and More….
R A Mashelkar [email protected]
Related Documents
From Problems To Ideas Through To Innovation
May 2020 6
Sonia Gandhi Gags Indian Press
October 2019 7
Gandhi
October 2019 41