Human Settlements Planning

Human Settlements Planning

Human Settlements Planning 

Urban



Population Economy Institution Social Structure

  

Urbanisation     

% urban to Total Population Classification of New Towns R-U Migration Natural Increase Process of Change



Urbanism   



 

Way of Life Values Norms

Development-Process/Growth/Human Development ??? Urbanisation = Development=Change Change 

Physical/Environmental Built form • Sprawl/Suburbanisation • Environmental Degradation •



Demography





Population Structure Population Concentration Migration



Economy





Division of Labour Specialisation Structure Change: Primary-Secondary-Tertiary



Society



Heterogeneous Caste-Class Values/Norms





 



Polity

 

Ideology Nature/Structure/Movements



Institution

 

Traditional-Modern-Secular Rational – bureaucracy



CHANGE=CONFLICT=PLANNING

Table 2: Global GDP and growth in Urban Populaiton W orld GDP (Constant 1995 $ trillion) Share of agriculture in world GDP Share of industry in world of GDP Share of services in world of GDP W orld populaiton(mm) Percent of urban population Source : world Bank datab ase

1960 7.9 ___3020 33.3

1970 13.5 ___3675 36.3

1980 19.5 6.5 38 55.5 4428 39.3

2000 34.3 3.9 20.8 66.3 6053 46.7

Figure 4: Emergence of Large Cities Emergence of Mega Cities in 1950, Only one city with a population of over 10 Million In 2015, 21 cities expected to reach 10 Million population 1960 1970 1996 2015 More develoed region 44 82 115 129 Less develpoed region 49 83 221 398 Total number of Urban agglomeration

93

165

336

527

Note: Urban agglomaration with > than 1mn population Spource: Un 2002. www.isi.unikalsruhe.de/vrl/RegEng/2000/glob al_trends/urb anisation/index.htm

Table 1: urban Population Growth acaross the Globe Region

Africa Asia latin America and Caribbean Oceania Europe North America Global total Increase Source : United nations,2002

1900 in mls percent of total

-250

-15

in mls 32 244 70 8 287 110 751 501

1950 percent of total 14.7 17.4 41.9 61.9 52.4 63.9 29.8 14.8

in mls 295 1376 391 23 539 243 2862 2111

2000 percent of total 37.2 37.5 75.4 74.1 73.4 77.4 47.2 17.4

2030 in perce mls nt of total 787 52.9 2679 54.1 608 84 32 77.3 540 80.5 335 84.5 4981 60.2 2119 13

Table 4: Emergence of Mega Cities Populaiton of cities with 10 million or more inhabitants 1950 New York

12.3

1975 Tokyo New York shanghai Mexico Sao paulo

19.8 15.9 11.4 10.7 10.3

2000 Tokyo Sao Paulo Mexico city New Yok Mumbai

25.2 18.3 18.3 16.8 16.5

Los Angeles kolkata Dhake Delhi Shanghai Buenos Aires

13.3 13.3 13.2 13 12.8 12.1

Jakarta Osaka

11.4 11

Beijing

10.8

Rio de Janerio Karachi

10.8 10.4

Metro Manila

10.1

2015 Tokyo Dhaka Mumbai Delhi Mexico city New York Jakarta Kolkata Karachi Lagos Los Angeles Shanghai Buenos Aires Metro Manila Beijing Rio de Janerio Cairo Istanibul Osaka Tinajin

27.2 22.8 22.6 21.2 20.9 20.4 17.9 17.3 16.7 16.2 16 14.5 13.6 13.2 12.6 11.7 11.5 11.4 11 10.3

T able 12: U rban Pov e rty in Asia in 1990s Country

Y ear (P ercent P opulation below P overty Line)

China 1992(33.7) India 1990(38) 1992(23.3) B angladesh 1990(56) ---- -----

1996(<2) 1998(<2) 1994(30.5) 2002(12) 1996(14.3) ---- -----

indones ia

1996(9.7)

---- ----- 1994(26)

1998(17.8)

P hilippines ---- ----- ---- -------- ----1997(22.5) S ourc e: Hum an Developm ent Report 1996, W orld Developlm ent Report 2201 and Deaton and Drez e, 2002



Nature of the Third World Urbanisation 

Demography • • • •



Overall population growth high % urban population low but absolute number high Urban population growth high West,migration important in development countries migration and high fertility

Urban Imbalance



Region Size Class/Hierarchy



Physical Characteristics



    

Large Dense No/weak planning/Organic Long history Poor infrastructure



Urban Economy



Urban Poverty High: 50-60% Slum Population in Large cities. Increasing disparity rich poor Secondary sector weak Structural shift: P-S-T weak, Hyper-urbanisationinvolution-Informal Sector High unemployment Dual economy : Formal-Informal

  

 

Morphology: Morphology: Organic-Planned Western capitalism co-exists with Traditional structure.



Colonial Impact



Dependent Urbanisation: cities as enclaves



Social Ecology





Segregation based on caste,ethnicity,religion,language Class/occupation based segregation emerging



Social Organisation



Strong traditional/kinship and informal networks Class structure emerging: often class/caste merge



 Governance: 

Weak local institution-finance/political power.

 Globalisation  

Few urban areas globally linked Peripheral globalisation-Negative

What should be an Appropriate Planning Pedagogy and Practice????