Htay Ra War Da Yae

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) ESvkH;vSpmay jzefYcsDa&; trSwf...5?vrf; 100? vGwfvyfa&;&yfuGuf? r*FvmawmifnGefYNrdKUe,f? ( 11221 )&efukefNrdKU/ pmwdkufaowÅm ( 87 )? A[dkpmwdkufBuD;? urf;em;vrf;? &efukefNrdKU/ ykHESdyfrSwfwrf; 1997? azazmf0g&Dv? yxrtBudrf? tkyfa& ( 1000 )?150 usyf/ 1998? Mo*kwfv? 'kwd,tBudrf? tkyfa& ( 500 )? 200 usyf/

twGif;ykHESdyfESifY xkwfa0ol OD;a½TxGef;atmif? vkyftm;yHkEdSyfwdkuf ( 0207 )? ESvkH;vSpmay ( 01522 ) trSwf 5? vrf; 100? r*FvmawmifnGefY? &efukefNrdKU/ pmrlcGifYjyKcsuf.......... 50/98 ( 8 ) rsufESmzkH;cGifYjyKcsuf..........30/98 ( 8 )

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) rmwdum (yxrydkif;) tcef;(1) ax&0g' ESifh r[m,me

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Ak'¨jzpfawmfpOf tusOf;

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ouú&mZf &Sif;csuf

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oCm*dkPf; uGJjcif;taMumif; .....

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ax&0g'ESifh r[moHCdu

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ax&0g'ESifh 0dbZÆ0g'D*dkPf; .....

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ok*Facwf Ak'¨omoem

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uedoQurif;ESifh Ak'¨bmom .....

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uedoQurif;\ oH*g,emwifyGJ

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tdE´d,ü omoemuG,fyHk

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ax&0g'omoem jyefUyGm;&m .....

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oD[dkVfEdkifiH ax&0g'jzpfpOf .....

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xdkif;EdkifiH ax&0g'jzpfpOf

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xdkif;EdkifiH wnfaxmifjcif;

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uarÇm'D;,m;EdkifiH ax&0g'jzpfpOf

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owår Z,0&refrif;ESifh Ak'¨bmom .....

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tcef; (2)

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a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) avmEdkifiH ax&0g'jzpfpOf

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ax&0g'oH0g,emyGJrsm;

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oH*g,emed'gef;

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yxr oH*g,emyGJawmf

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wwd, oH*g,emyGJawmf

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pwkw¬ oH*g,emyGJawmf

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yOör oH*g,emyGJawmf

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q|r oH*g,emyGJawmf

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ax&0g' yd#uwfawmf

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ax&0g'[lonf

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okwå yd#uwfawmf

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bmomrsm;xJu Ak'¨bmom .....

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Ak'¨bmom oDv

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raumif;rSK p&dkufqkd; 10 yg; .....

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tcef;(3)

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BuD;yGm;csrf;om a'oem

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Ak'¨\ 'óew&m;awmf

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r*¾if&Spfyg; jrwfw&m;

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edAÁmef oabmw&m;

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ax&0g' ESifh jrefrmEdkifiH

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Ak'¨bk&m;ESifh jrefrmEdkifiH

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omoemtp wykóESifh ov’du

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'kwd,ajrmuf omoema&mufjcif;

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ax&0g'ESifh okawoetjrif

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oa&acwå&macwf ax&0g'

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jrefrmwdkU 0ifa&mufvmjcif;

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ax&0g' omoemh EdkifiHawmf

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jrefrmrif;rsm;vufxuf Ak'¨bmom .....

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tcef;(6)

tcef;(7) ax&0g' *dkPf;uGJrsm;

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yk*Hacwf*dkPf;uGJrsm;

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&mrn oHCm*dkPf;rsm;

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omoemawmf oefU&Sif;pifMu,fa&; .....

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t&nf;BuD;*dkPf;

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

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udk;uG,frSKxGef;um;vmjcif; .....

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jrefrmwdkU ewfudk;uG,frSK

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odMum;ewfudk;uG,frSK

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ol&ówDewf udk;uG,frSK

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uGrf,ifr,fawmfudk;uG,frSK .....

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N*dK[fewfudk;uG,frSK

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jynfwGif;jzpfewfrsm; udk;uG,frSK

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bdk;awmf? r,fawmf udk;uG,frSK

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rif;0wf&kyfyGm; udk;uG,frSK

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ax&0g'üa&maESmaom ,HkMunfrSKrsm;

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*E¨m&Dtwuf ,HkMunfrSK

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aA'if,HkMunfrSK

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e*g;udk;uG,frSK vufusef,HkMunfrSK .....

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t[dwfedrdwfponf ,HkMunfrSK

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rEÅef&Gwfqdk ,HkMunfrSK

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pdwfykwD;jyóem tajz&Sm

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od'd¨wifjcif;

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jyifyudk;uG,frSK awmfvSefa&;

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ax&0g'tjrifESifh u,fwif&Sif

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ax&0g'ESifh twdedrdwf,HkMunfrSK

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3

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) (9) t'ouHedoD'eH/ / &[ef;rsm;twGuf tNrdwftqmrygaom edoD'dkif ( ae&mxdkifcif; ) udkokH;aqmiftyfonf[k jyifqifonf/ ( tNrdwftqmrygaom ae&mxdkifcif; ( edoD'dkif ) udkrtyfpyf[k Ak'¨ynwfcsuf&Sdonf/ ) (10) Zmw½ly &Zw/ / &[ef;awmfrsm;onf a½T aiG tojym udktvlcHEdkifonf[k jyifqifonf/ ( &[ef;awmfrsm;onf a½T aiGwdkYudk tvlrcH&[k Ak'¨ynwfcsuf½Sdonf/ ) ax&0g'ESifY r[moHCdu 0ZdÆwdkif;om; &[ef;wdkYonf txufygjyifqifcsuf 10 ck ( 'o0wåKu ) wdkYudk w&m;0iftvkyfuJYodkY ajymifajymifwif;wif; vkyfudkifaeMuonf/ ½Sifr[m,orax&fBuD;onf xdkowif;udkMum;ojzifY a0omvDjynf r[m0efausmif;wdkufodkY &muf½Sdvmonf/ xdktcsdefwGif oHCmrsm; OykofjyKcsdefESifY wdkufqdkifae\/

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&[ef;wdkYonf

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csxm;\/

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0ZÆdwdkif;om;&[ef;wdkYESifY pkpnf;&onf/

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4

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) þowif;udk Mum;&aomtcg 0ZdÆwdkif;om;&[ef;wdkYonfvnf; rdrdwdkYESifYoabmwl&m &[ef;wdkYudk pnf;½kH;Muonf/ xdkYaemuf oabmwl oHCmaygif; 10000( wpfaomif; )jzifY aumorDÁjynfü oD;jcm;oH*g,emwifyGJ

jyKvkyfMuonf/

rdrdwdkYwifaom

oH*g,emudk

r[moH*Dwd[k

ac:

qdkMuonf/ rdrdwdkYoHCmtzGJYtpnf;udkvnf; ]] r[moHCdu*dkPf;}} [kac: qdkMuavonf/ xdkaMumifY omoemESpf 100 tMumwGif Ak'¨bmom&[ef;awmf avmuü (1) ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom*dkPf; (2) r[moHCdu Ak'¨bmom*dkPf; [lí*dkPf;BuD; 2 *dkPf; uGJjym;oGm;avonf/ Ak'¨bmom *dkPf;uGJrsm; rlvAk'¨bmomxJrS *dkPf;cGJrludk

r[moHCdu*dkPf;BuD;

cJGxGufoGm;jyD;aemuf

pdwf0ifpm;vmMu[efwlygonf/

tiftm;&Sdaom

tjcm;&[ef;tkyfpkwdkYuvJ oHCmYacgif;aqmifwdkYonf

tajctaeay;wdkif;? tcGifYtcgoifYwdkif; *dkPf;opfrsm;udk zGJUpnf;cJYMuonf/ r[moHCdu*dkPf;BuD;rS..... (1) a*gukvdu*dkPf; (2) {uaAsm[m&du*dkPf; [lí 2 *dkPf; uGJjym;onf/ ..........wpfzef a*gukvdu*dkPf;rS (3) yPÖwdå0g'*dkPf; (4) A[kókwdu*dkPf; [lí 2 *dkPf; uGJjym;onf/ wpfzef A[kókwd*dkPf;rS (5) apwd,*dkPf;[lí 1 *dkPf;cGJxGufonf/ xdkaMumifY r[moHodu*dkPf;rS *dkPf;&if;ESifYwuG oHCm ( 6 )*dkPf; uGJjym;oGm;avonf/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

5

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) r[moHodu*dkPf;BuD;udk twkvdkufí rlvax&0g'rSvnf; *dkPf;trsKd;rsKd; uGJjym;ukefMuunf/ a½S;OD;pGm rlvax&0g'*dkPf;BuD;rS...... (1) r[domou*dkPf; (2) 0ZdÆykwå*dkPf; [lí 2 *dkPf;uGJjym;onf/ (3) "r®Kwå&d,*dkPf; (4) bj',medu*dkPf; (5) qEé*g&du*dkPf; (6) ord®wd,*kdPf;[lí 4 *dkPf;uGJjym;onf/ .........wpfzef r[domu*dkPf;rS (7) oAÁwd¬0g'*dkPf; (8) "r®*kwdåu*dkPf;[lí 2*dkPf;uGJjym;onf/ ......... wpfzef oAÁwd¬0g'*dkPf;rS (9) uóydu*dkPf; cJGxGufjyefonf/ ...........wpfzef uóydu*dkPf;rS (10)

ouFEdåu*dkPf;cGJxGufjyefonf/

...........wpfzef ouFEdåu*dkPf;rS (11)

okwå0g'*dkPf; cGJxGufjyefonf/

xdkYaMumifY rlv ax&0g'ESifYaygif;vQif ax&0g'*dkPf;aygif; ( 12 )*dkPf;½Sdayonf/ ax&0g'ESifY r[moHCdu *dkPf;rBuD;rsm;ESifY *dkPf;uGJtm;vkH;aygif;vQif *dkPf;aygif; ( 18 )*dkPf;½Sdavonf/ xdk

18

*dkPf;uGJykHudk

ty&aovd,*dkPf;?

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0gZd&d,*dkPf;?

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6

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& )

ouúwpma&;q&mBuD; bAs\rSwfwrf;wGif xl;jcm;aom *dkPf;trnfopfrsm;udk awGU&jyefonf/ bAsrSwfwrf;xJwGif ] 0dbZÆ0g'D*dkPf;} [laom emrnfwpfckudk xnfYoGif;xm;\/ xdk*dkPf;emrnf txuf 18 *dkPf;üvnf; ryg½Sday/ xdk*dkPf;onf ax&0g' yifr*dkPf;twGufyg ta&;ygaom *dkPf;wpfckjzpfygonf/ omoem0ifusrf;rsm;ü trSwfrJYjzpfaeaom *dkPf;vJjzpfonf/ azmfjycJYaom

*dkPf;rsm;onf

omoESpf

200

cefYtwGif;

uGJjym;cJYaom*dkPf;rsm;jzpfonf/

taomurif; eef;wufcsdefavmufwGif *dkPf;toD;oD;wdkYonf udk,fYtifudk,fYtm;ESifYBuD;yGm;aeMujyD; xdktxJwGif

0dbZÆ0g'D*dkPf;onf

taomurif;w&m;\

ajr§mufpm;ylaZmfrIudk

cH&aom

*dkPf;BuD;jzpfayonf/ ax&0g'ESifY 0dbZÆ0g'D*dkPf; 0dbZÆ0g'D*dkPf;onf rlvax&0g'rS*dkPf;cJGwpfckjzpfonf[k rSwfwrf;üqdkygonf/ rnfonfYtcsdefu uGJjym;onf[k rajymEdkifay/ odkYaomfvnf; 0dbZÆ0g'D*dkPf;rSm taomurif;BuD;vufwufwGif BuD;yGm;aeNyD;vdkY ajymEdkifygonf/ taomurif; eef;wufNyD;aemuf Ak'¨bm0ifjzpfcsdefwGif tEd´,EdkifiHü Ak'¨bmomqdkif&m t½IyftaxG;rsm;ay: aygufaeNyD;/ oefY½Sif;aomAk'¨bmomr[kwfawmYay/ omoemYjyifyjzpfaom

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Ak'¨omoemxJ0ifí

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taomurif;onf

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odkYaomf

Ak'¨w&m;awmfudk aqmif½Guf&onf/

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

7

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) taomurif;onf &[ef;aumif;wdkYtm; ]]t½Sifbk&m;wdkY? jrwfAk'¨[m tb,ft,l ½Sdygoenf;}} [kar;onf/ xdktcg &[ef;wdkYu ]]rif;BuD; jrwfAk'¨[m oówt,l? Oapä't,l wdkYudk cGJjcm;a0zefí tavYtm;jzifYqdkawmfrlwwfaom 0dbZÆ0g'Djzpfygonf}} [kajzqdkMu\/ taomurif;onf

xdktajzudkMum;&ojzifY

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csD;jr§ifY

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0dbZÆ0g'D*dkPf;onf

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acszsufa[mMum;cJYonf/ jAm[®PwdkYu twåw&m;udk vufudkifxm;ía[mMum;aeMu\/ Ak'¨bk&m;url

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

8

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) jAm[®PwdkYu xm0&bk&m;ocif zefqif;½Sifudk twnfjyKonf/ Ak'¨bk&m;u zefqif;½Sifudk jiif;y,fonf/ jAm[®PwdkY\ t"dut,ltqrsm;udk Ak'¨bk&m;uacszsufa[mMum;aeojzifY Ak'¨onf jAm[®wdkY\ &efoljzpfcJY&onf/ ¤if;wdkYu &efNidK;zGJYcJYMuavonf/ taomuacwfodkY

a&mufaomtcgwGif

arS;rdSefjrKyfwdrfae&onf/ yl;owfcJYMuonf/

xdktcgrsKd;wGif

Ak'¨bmomtwkta&mif

Ak'¨bmomudktm;ay;ojzifY tcsKdUjA[®PwdkYonf jA[®PwdkYonf

jAm[®PwdkY

Ak'¨bmomtwGif;odkY0ifí Ak'¨bmomyd#uwfawmfwdkYudk

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vufopft,ltqygaom

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xlaxmifMuonf/ þodkYjzifY *dkPf;opfrsm; wzGm;zGm; ay: aygufvmcJYavonf/ bDpD

3

&mpk

taomurif;vufxufavmufuyif

r[m0wåKt0'geusrf;ü

t0avmudawo&ac:

r[moHCdu*dkPf;rS

ay:xGufvmaom

bk&m;avmif;oabmw&m;

0g'rsm;udk

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tcsKdU*dkPf;rsm;vnf;

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taomurif;ajr§mufpm;ojzifY awmuf
udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

9

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) 0dbZÆ0g'D*dkPf;ESifYtwl

xif½Sm;aom*dkPf;BuD;ESpf*dkPf;vnf;½Sdao;onf/

xdk*dkPf;rsm;rSm

ax&0g'rScGJxGufxm;aom oAÁwd¬0g'D*dkPf;ESifY r[moHCdu*dkPf;wdkYjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifY taomuacwfaemufydkif;wGif xif½Sm;aom*dkPf;BuD; 3 *dkPf;udkawGUjrif&ayrnf/ ,if;wdkYrSm........ (1) ax&0g'ESifY 0dbZÆ0g'D*dkPf; (2) ax&0g' oAÁwd¬0g'D*dkPf; (3) r[moHCdu*dkPf;wdkYjzpfonf/ xdk*dkPf;BuD;rsm;

xGef;um;aepOf

taomurif;\EdkifiHawmfü

rif;quftajymif;tvJrsm;

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ok*FykoQrdwå&rif;onf

jAm[®PrsKd;jzpfonfYtavsuf

jAm[®Pbmomudk

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t"du&efNidK;xm;aeaom

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owfí

jAm[®PwdkYonf

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Ak'¨bmomudk

zdESdyfMuawmYonf/

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10

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& )

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ul;a&mufoGm;MuNyD;

oD[dkVfoHCmwdkYESifYyl;aygif;í

omoemjyKaecJYMuonf/

xdktcsdefrSpí 0dbZÆ0g'Dtrnfaysmufum yifr ax&0g'ESifY wpfaygif;wnf;? wpfom;wnf; jzpfoGm;avawmYonf/ uedoQurif;ESifY Ak'¨bmom r*wdkif;wGif ok*Frif;quf ukefqkH;NyD;aemuf uefArif;qufudkxlaxmifMuonf/ xdkrif;qufudkvnf; tE¨&rif;rsm;u odrf;ydkufvdkufaomaMumifY tdEd´, ta½SUawmifydkif;wpfckvkH;rSm tE¨&rif;wdkY\ vufatmufodkY

usa&mufoGm;ayonf/

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11

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12

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13

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14

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15

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16

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17

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wu,f&Edk;jzifY

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

18

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) tcef;(2) ax&0g'omoem jyefYyGm;&m at'D

12

&mpkwGif

tm&SwdkufwpfcGifü

tdEd´,EdkifiHü

Ak'¨bmom

Ak'¨bmomuG,faysmufoGm;cJY&onf/

jyefYyGm;xGef;um;aeavNyD;/

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tm½Swdkufa'owpfcsKdUwGif

taomuvufxuf? odkYr[kwf xdkxufapmaom umvuyif Ak'¨omoem a&muf½SdjyefYyGm;aecJY\/ r[m,meAk'¨bmomonf

ajrmufydkif;a'oBuD;rsm;ü

pnfyifaeouJYodkY

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rax&frsm;rSm

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Ak'¨*g,m½Sd

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a'0geHyd,wdórif;

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

19

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) yd,wdórif;onf

rif;jzpfí

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20

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) r[m0d[m&0goD*dkPf;/ yifr*dkPf;jzpfonf/ rax&frsm;

/

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xdktcg

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500

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/

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r[m0d[m&0goD

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r[m0d[m&0goD*dkPf;

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

21

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) azmfjyyg *dkPf;BuD; 3 *dkPf;wdkYrSm oD[dkVfEdkifiHü ESpfaygif; tawmfMumrQ wnfwHYaecJYonf/ oD&docFaAm"d

y&uúrAm[krif;

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,dk;',m;

ac:

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tr&yl&NrdKYawmfodkY

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22

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) OyZösm,fjyKí uvsmPDodrfawmfü odu©mopf wif,lMuonf/ xdk*dkPf;udk &mrn*dkPf; ( &mrn edum, ) [k ac: onf/ xdkjyif 'kwd,urÇmppf rwdkifrDu oD[dkVfom;wpfcsKdUonf rEÅav;NrdKU r[m0dok'¨g½kHwdkufodkY vma&mufí

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omoemjyK&m ysHvGefonfYaemuf

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700

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10

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23

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) tkyfcsKyf&me,fajrodkY a&muf½SdvmMuonf/ crmwdkY tkyfcsKyfrIatmufü cdkvIHaecJYMuonf/ xdkpOfu xdkif;vlrsKd;wdkYonf

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Ak'¨bmomESifY

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( Sukhothai )

( Lanna )

zsufqD;í

EdkifiHudkvnf;aumif;?

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24

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) omoemawmf oefY½Sif;ap&efESifY 0denf;pnf;urf;rsm;udk vdkufemap&eftwGuf xr,kwfac:aom "r®,kwdå*dkPf;udk pwif wnfaxmifonf/ xdktcsdefrSpí xdkif;EdkifiHü (1) xr,kwf*dkPf; ( "r®,kwdå*dkPf; ) (2) r[meDudkif*dkPf; ( r[medum,*dkPf; ) [lí *dkPf;BuD; 2 *dkPf; jzpfay: vmavonf/ uarÇm'D;,m;EdkifiH ax&0g'jzpfpOf tif'dkcsKdif;em;uGsef;qG,fBuD;onf at'D 1 &mpkavmufuyif tdE´d,ukefonfrsm; ul;oef;oGm;vm&m jzpfcJYonf/ tif'dkcsKdif;em;udk a½S;tcgu tmeH[k ac: Muonf/ tdEd´,EdkifiHrS yv’0gvlrsKd;wdkYonf tmeHa'oodkY ukefa&mif;ukef0,f vma&mufMuonf/ tcsKdU yv’0gwdkYonf prÜm

( Chanpa )t&yfwGif

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( Varman )

[laom bGJUudkcH,lonf/ xdktcsdefurif;rsm;onf [dE´Lbmomudk t"dutm;jzifY

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( Jaya Varman )

rif;onf uarÇm'D;,m;EdkifiHwGif tifaumtrnf½Sdaom

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25

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) tifaum0yfac: bk&m;ausmif;BuD;udkvnf; BuD;us,fcrf;em;pGm aqmufvkyf\/ xdkausmif;BuD;onf urÇmYtHYzG,frsm;teuf

wpfcktygt0ifjzpfonf/

tifaumbk&ifwdkYonf

[dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;

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rif;rsm;teuf

owårajrmuf

Z,0&refrif;onf

tBuD;us,fqkH;

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tifaumNrdKUawmfopfudk

tifaumNrdKUawmfopfudk

tvsm;

2

rdkif?

12

&mpk

teH

2

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bm,Gefausmif;BuD;onf

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tEkynmvuf&mrsm;pGmjzifh

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130

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jc,frIef;wnfaqmufonf/

ausmif;awmf\

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eef;pHNyD;aemuf

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5

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ausmif;wdkufBuD;udkvnf;

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&nfpl;í

aqmufvkyfcJYjcif;jzpfayonf/ wmy½Gefausmif;awmfBuD; aqmufvkyf&eftwGuf aus;½Gmaygif; 3140 rS

½Gmol½Gmom;aygif;

79365

a,mufudk

tvkyfwm0ef

ay;cJYonf[k

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

26

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) at'D 1200 ckavmufrSmyif 0&refrif;qufvnf; ukefqkH;cJYygonf/ at'D 12 &mpkavmufwGif jrefrmEdkifiHrS

&[ef;wpfyg;onf

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ax&0g'Ak'¨omoemudk

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uarÇm'D;,m;EdkifiHü

ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomonf

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vrif;tvm;

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crmwdkYu

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avmEdkifiHwGif

tapmydkif;umvrsm;u

r[m,meAk'¨bmomvnf; xGef;um;cJYbl;onf/ ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomudkrl crm(uarÇm'D;,m;)ESifY xdkif;EdkifiHwdkYrSwpfqifY &½SdcJYonf[k qdkayonf/ avmEdkifiHbk&ifwdkYonf ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomudk tm;ay;csD;ajr§mufcJYojzifY 14 &mpkausmf umvuyif ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomudk edkifiHawmfbmomtjzpf aMunmEdkifcJYonf/ avmEdkifiHonf uGefjrLepfrsm; tkyfpdk;aom umvüvnf; ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomrSm ,dkifvJjydKuGJjcif;r½SdbJ wnfwHYjrJwnfwHYaecJYonf/ Ak'¨bmomt½Sdeft0g usqkH;jcif;r½SdbJ ydkíyif wdk;wufaeonf[k qdk&ayrnf/ ,cktcsdefwGif avmEdkifiH½Sd vlOD;a& 95 &mcdkifEIef;rSm ax&0g'Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; jzpfaeMuavonf/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

27

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) tcef; ( 3 ) ax&0g'oH*g,emyGJrsm; oH*g,em ed'gef; Ak'¨bk&m;½Sifonf r[mouú&mZf 148 ck? ( bDpD 544 ) uqkefvjynfY t*FgaeYwGif ukodem½kHjynf tifMuif;O,Ofü y&dedAÁmefjyKawmfrlavonf/ ½Sifr[muóyrax&fjrwfonf aemufyg &[ef; 500 jcH&Hvsuf

jrwfpGmbk&m;udk

raxjrwfESifYtzGJUonf

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yg0gjynfrS

vrf;c&D;tMum;ü

ukodem½kHjynfodkY
&moDOwkyljyif;aomaMumifY

opfyifatmufü

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idka
okb'f&[ef;rSmrl

idka
bk&m;r½SdawmYonfudkyif 0rf;om\/ okb'f&[ef;onf idka
jyKvkyfaecJYonf/

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b,ftmywfoifYapqdkNyD;

Oya'ynwfcsufawGESifY wm;qD;aeonf/ a*gwr[m igwdkYudk EdSyfpufnOf;qJaeoljzpfonf/ ckawmY igwdkYjyKvdkorQ jyKEdkifMuNyD;? vkyfcsif&mudk vkyfEdkifNyD;? vGwfvyfNyD; } okb'f&[ef;\ pum;udkMum;&ojzifY ½Sifr[muóyrax&fBuD;onf ]] ,cktcsdefuyif rzG,fr&m ajymqdkpnf;½kH;aeNyD;?

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wGifus,f

28

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) vmawmYrnf/ Ak'¨bk&m;½Sif a[mMum;xm;aom "r®a'oemawmfwdkYudk oH*g,emwifxm;rSomvQif oifYawmfvdrfYrnf/ }} [k MuHpnfpOf;pm;rdavonf/ ½Sifr[muóyESifYtzGJYonf ukodem½kHjynfodkY a&mufvmaomtcg bk&m;½Sif\½kyfuvmyfawmfudk awaZm"mwfavmifuGsrf;jcif;? e,kefvqef;

5

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

29

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) yxr oH*g,emyGJawmf ½Sifr[muóyrax&fBuD;onf

oH*g,emwifyGJ

usif;yEdkif&eftwGuf

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&[EÅm

½SiftmeE´myg0if&efvnf;

500

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&nf½G,fxm;onf/

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½SiftmeEÅmrSm

aomwmyeftqifYom ½Sdaeao;onfYtwGuf pm&if;roGif;Edkifao;ay/ xdktcg

tjcm;oHCmawmfwdkYu

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b@mpdk;BuD;jzpfaMumif;?

bk&m;½Sifa½SUawmfrSm

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30

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& )

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500

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

31

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10

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180

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32

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taomu

(

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)

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33

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& )

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34

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) pwkw¬ oH*g,emyGJawmf pwkw¬oH*g,em rwifrD tBudKESpfrsm;u oD[dkVfuGsef;ü 0#*grPdrif; eef;pHcJYonf/ eef;pHí rMumrDrSmyif usnf;om;vlrsKd;wdkY\ jA[®Pwdó olykefab;BuD;jzpfyGm;onf/ 0#*grPdonf olykef&efab;aMumifY eef;rSqif;í xGufajy;ykef;atmif;ae&\/ xdkumvrSmyif rdk;uvnf;acgifojzifY oD;ESHrsm;ysufcJY&m wpfuGsef;vkH; iwfrGwfacgif;yg;jyD; 'kAdÇu©EÅ&uyfBuD;ESifY &ifqdkifMu&avonf/ oHCmawmfwdkY

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35

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) yOör oH*g,emyGJawmf NrefrmEkdifiHudkpdk;tkyfaom rif;wkef;rif;onf Nrefrmouú&mZf 1221 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;&wemyHkNrdKUudk wnfaxmifonf/

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36

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) pkpkaygif;ausmufcsyfa& 729 csyf&Sdayonf/ rif;wkef;rif;onf a&S;a&S;aomrif;rsm;NzpfonfY tZmwowf? umvmaomu? oD&d"r®maomu? 0#¨*grPdrif;wdkY vufxufuuJYodkY yd#uwfawmfudk EIwfNzifY&Gwfqdkaom oH*g,emwifyGJudk NyKvkyfvdkaomqE´

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37

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) q| oH*g,emyGJawmf jrefrmouú&mZf

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wm0ef,lMu\/ 38

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) 0efBuD;csKyfuawmf a':jr&DtrSL;jyKaom trsdK;orD;rsm;uvnf; oH*g,em a0,sm0pö vkyfief;rsm;ukd tm;wufoa&m yg0ifí vkyftm;'gersm; vSL'gef;Muonf/ þokdY tzufzufrS jynfhpkHNyD;aemuf rEÅav;NrdKUrS anmif&rf;q&mawmf tbd"Z r[m&|*k½k b'´EÅa&0wrax&f trSL;jyKaom oHCmawmf 2500-wkdYonf &efukefNrdKU? urÇm at;ukef;ajr&dS r[mygomPvkdPf*lawmfBuD;ü- omoemouú&mZf 2498-ck? - c&pfESpf 1954-ck? arv (17) &uf ? - jrefrmouú&mZf 1316-ck? uqkefvqef; (15) &ufaeYwGif q|rtBudrf oH*g,emwifyGJukfd usif;yMuavonf/ q|oH*g,emwifyGJBuD;okdY xkdif;? uarÇm'D;,m;?avm? oD&dvuFmEkdifiHwkdYrS ax&0g'&[ef;awmf 144-yg;? jrefrmEkdifiHrS &[ef;awmf 2473-yg;wkdYu 245-&uf MumjrifhpGm &GwfyGm;awmfrlMuonf/ xkdoH*g,emwifyGJokdY ax&0g'r[kwfaom *syef? wdAuf? AD,uferf? ukd&D;,m;? *smAm;uRef;? rav;uRef;?

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39

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) tcef; (4) ax&0g' yd#uwfawmf ax&0g'[lonf ax&0g'\ t"dyÜm,fukd ] Ak'¨a'oemawmfa0g[m&tbd"mef } usrf; pmrsufESm 274-ü-] ]] rax&f tqufqufwkdY raysmufrysuf&atmif aqmifxm;tyfaom xdef;odrf;tyfaom bk&m;pum;awmf t,lpum;pOf }} ]] t&Sifr[muóy tp&Sdaom rax&f tqufqufwkdY rl&if;rysuf oH*g,emwifvsuf xdef;odrf; apmifha&Smufxm;tyfaom bk&m;pum;ygVdawmftwkdif; usifhMuHaexkdifaom t,l0g'ukd ] ax&0g' } [k ac:onf/ }}[lí zGifhjyxm;onf/ ax&0g'&[ef;awmfwkdYonf

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40

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) (1) 0de, yd#uawmf &[ef;a,musfm;ESifh &[ef;rdef;rrsm;twGuf owfrSwf ynwfxm;aom usifh0wfpnf;urf;rsm; jzpfonf/ xkd0de,yd#uukd 5-usrf; xyfrH cGJjcm;xm;\/ (u) yg&mZduPf ygVdawmf . &[ef;awmfrsm;twGuf &nfnTef;aom odu©myk'f 49-yg; yg&Sdonf/ (c)

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41

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) (u) 'DCedum,f . &Snfvsm;aom okwfwkdYukd aygif;pnf;xm;aomaMumifh 'DCedum,f[k ac:onf/ ,if;'DCedum,fü(1) oDvu©E¨0*¾ 13-okwf ? (2) r[m0*¾ 10-okwf ? (3) ygxdu0*¾ 11-okwf yg0ifonf/ (c)

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42

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) ,if;ck'´uedum,fü atmufygusrf;rsm; yg0ifonf/ (1) ck'´uygX . wkdawmif;onfh tpk 9-rsdK; yg0ifonf/ (2) "r®y' . 0*faygif; 26? *gxmaygif; 423-yg0ifonf/ (3) O'ge . Ak'¨bk&m;&Sif usL;&ifhaom pum;rsm; jzpfonf/ 0*faygif; 8-ckESifh O'gef;aygif; 82-yk'f yg0ifonf/ (4) £wd0kwåu . edygwf 4-ck? okwfaygif; 120-yg0ifonf/ (5) okwåedygw . okwfi,frsm; pkaygif;xm;onf/ 0*f 5-ck? okwf 54-ESifh ykpäm 61ck yg0ifonf/ (6) 0drme0w¬K . bkHeef;Adrmefqkdif&m tjzpftysufwkdYukd azmfjyxm;\/ 0*f 7-ck? Zmwf 83-yk'f yg0ifonf/ (7) ayw0w¬K . i&Javmu\ qif;&JwkdYukd azmfjyxm;\/ 0*f 4-ck? 0w¬Kyk'faygif; 50- yg0ifonf/ (8) ax&*gxm . rax&fBuD; 107-yg;\ tqkdtrdefYrsm;ukd edygwf 21-ckjzifh cGJjcm; azmfjyxm;onf/ (9) ax&D*gxm . ax&Dr,f 73-yg;wkdY\ wifjycsufrsm;ukd edygwf 16-ckjzifh zGJUpnf;xm;onf/ (10) Zmwu . Ak'¨bk&m;&Sif\ a&S;jzpfpOfwkdYukd azmfjyxm;\/ tykdif;i,f edygwf 22-ck? Zmwf0w¬Kaygif; 547-Zmwf yg0ifonf/ (11) r[meda'´o .okwåedygwfusrf;vm t|u0*f\ a0g[m&t"dyÜm,fwkdYukd xyfrH zGifhqkdxm;onf/ (12) plVeda'´o . okwåedygwfusrf;vm aemuf0*f 3-ckukd xyfrH csJUzGifhxm;onf/ (13) y#dorÇd'gr*¾ . "r®\ tajccH tcsufwkdYukd o½kyfcGJí a0zefjyonf/ u@BuD; 3-ckESifh u@i,f rsm;pGm yg0ifonf/ (14) ty'ge . rGefjrwfaom usifhxkH;wkdYukd usifhokH;cJhaom yk*d¾KvfwkdY taMumif;ukd azmfjyxm;onf/ u@ 55-ckjzifh rax&f 550-wkdY b0ukd azmfjyxm;\/ xkfdYjyif u@ 4-ckwkdYjzifh ax&D 40-wkdY\ b0ukdvnf;aumif;?

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qufvuf

azmfjyxm;onf/ (15) Ak'¨0Ho . bk&m;&SifwkdY\ b0jzpfpOfukd tpDtpOfjzifh azmfjyxm;\/ xkdYjyif Ak'¨yudPÖu u@ESifh "mwkbmZed, uxmwkdYukdvnf; xnfhoGif; azmfjyxm;onf/ (16) p&d,myd#u . bk&m;tavmif;awmf yg&rD jznfhqnf;cJhonfh b0wkdYukd azmfjyonf/ Ak'¨\ a&S;b0aygif; 35-ckom yg0ifonf/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

43

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) (3) tbd"r® yd#uawmf okwåef? 0denf;wkdYxuf uJvGefaom oabmw&m;rsm;? eufeJaom obm0"r®rsm;ukd pkpnf; azmfjyxm;aomaMumifh tbd"r®yd#u[k ac:onf/ þtbd"r® yd#uukd usrf;tm;jzifh 7-usrf; cGJjcm;xm;onf/ (u) "r®o*FPD . tykdif;BuD; 4-ykdif; cGJvsuf ouf&Sdf oufrJhtm;vkH;wkdY\ ½kyfemrfobm0ukd a&wGufjyonf/ (c) 0db*F . "r®obm0ukd t"dyÜm,f cGJjcrf;jyoxm;aom 0db*Fac: tzGifhaygif; 18-ck yg0ifonf/ (*) "mwkuxm . y&rw¬w&m;wkdYukd u@ 14-ck cGJjcm;um enf; 4-yg;wkdYjzifh tus,fw0ef; &Sif;vif;azmfjyxm;onf/ (C) yk*¾vynwdå .u@BuD; 10-ckwkdYü 1-rS 10-txd yk*¾dKvftrsdK;tpm;wkdYukd eda'´otvkduf xnfhoGif;xm;\/ (i) uxm0w¬K . Ak'¨0g' *kdPf;uGJrsm;\ t,l0g'rsm;ukd pkaygif;wifjyxm;onf/ 0*faygif; 23ckjzifh ax&0g'rS okwfaygif; 500-ESifh y&0g'rS okwfaygif; 500-wkdYukd EdIif;,SOfjyxm;onf/ (p) ,ru . tbd"r®moabmw&m;rsm; jzpfwnfaeykHukd rlv? cE¨? tm,we? "mwk? opö? ocFg&? tEko,? pdwå? "r®? £`Ed´,[laom ,ru 10-yg;wkdYjzifh azmfjyxm;onf/ (q) y|me . "r®tEkavmrponfwkdYü wduy|mepaom y|mef; 6-yg;wkdYjzifh yGm;tyfonf jzpfí 24-yg;aom y|mef;wkdYukd &&Sdonf/ y|mef;wpfyg;pDü y#dpö0g&paom 0g& (7) yg;wkdYjzihf wefqmqifxm;onf/ txufu

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44

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) Ak'¨usrf;pm pdppf&m ax&0g'

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40

pwkw¬? yOör? q| oH*g,emwifyGJwkdYü aypm? ausmufpm? puúLpmwkdYjzifh rSwfwrf;wifcJhMu&mwGif ta&twGufwkdYukd þokdY awGU&Sd&onf/ - ay&Gufa&..................

6345 - &Guf ?

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- pmtkyfa&...................

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6547 - &Guf ?

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45

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) yd#uwf okH;ykHvkH;ü yg0ifaom tu©&m vkH;a&rSm 11021750 (wpfuka# wpf oef; ESpfaomif; wpfaxmif ckepf&mh ig;q,f) &Sdavonf/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

46

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) tcef; (5) ax&0g' "r®&wem bmomrsm;xJu Ak'¨bmom urÇmhorkdif; wpfavQmufwGif vlom;wkdY ukd;uG,fcJhMuaom bmom0g'rsm;um; rsm;jym;vSayonf/ orkdif;OD; bmoma&;onf vlom;wkdY\ t,ltqt& jzpfay:vmaom bmomt,l0g'rsm; jzpfonf/ aemufykdif;wGif bmom0g'ukdxlaxmifaom vlom;rsm; ay:aygufvm\/ bmomw&m;ukd a[majymaom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf bmom&Sifrsm; jzpfvmMuonf/ bmom0g'ukd xlaxmifa[majymaom olwkdYonf omrefyk*d¾Kvfrsm; r[kwfMu/ obm0ukd avhvmvsuf tawGUopf? todopfwkdYukd &SmazGMuolrsm; jzpfonf/ rdrdwkdY\ ywf0ef;usifwGif cH,laeMuaom

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

47

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) jzpfonf/ xkdt&Sifonf pMu0VmteEÅü tpOfxm0& wnf&Sdaeonf/ jzpfjcif; ysufjcif; r&Sdaom wefckd;&SifBuD; jzpfonf/ vl wd&pämefESifh rnfonfht&m0w¬Krqkd xm0&bk&m;ocif\ tvkdqE´twkdif;om jzpfay:vm&onf/ ysufpD;oGm;&onf/ pMu0Vm avmu"mwfBuD; r&SdrDuyif xm0&bk&m;&Sif &SdaeNyD jzpf\/ pMu0VmBuD;

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48

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) (3) Ak'¨\ oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;ukd ukd;uG,f&m[lkí qnf;uyfjcif;wkdY jzpfayonf/ þokH;yg;ukd ,kHMunfvufcHvkdufygu Ak'¨bmom0if jzpfayNyD/ xkdokH;yg;ukd o&P*kH 3-yg;[k Ak'¨bmomwkdY ac:qkdMuonf/ Ak'¨bmom oDv Ak'¨bmom0if wpfOD;twGuf vkdufemusifhokH;&onfh usifh0wf 5-rsdK; &Sdonf/ (1) olUtoufukd owfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf&jcif;? (2) olwpfyg; ypönf;ukd ckd;,ljcif;rS a&SmifMuOf&jcif;? (3) umr*kPf azmufjyefrIrS a&SmifMuOf&jcif;? (4) r[kwfrrSef ajymqkdjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf&jcif;? (5) rl;,pfypönf; okH;pGJjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf&jcif; wkdY jzpfonf/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdYonf tcgBuD; &ufBuD;rsm;wGif 8-yg;oDvukd aqmufwnf usifhokH;Mu\/ xkdYjyif tjcm; usifh0wfoDvrsm;vnf; &Sdao;\/ Ak'¨bk&m;\ "r®a'oemrsm;ü vlom;wkdYtwGuf vufiif; vufawGU tusdK;jzpfaprnfh "r®a'oemrsm;vnf; rsm;jym;aX;rufaeMu\/ tdEd´,jynfolwkdYonf 0g'rsm;tMum;ü Asmrsm;aeMuolrsm;vnf; &Sdaeonf/ rnfonfh0g'urSefonf

rSm;onf[lí

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

49

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) umvmra'oem pHjyKp&m auorkwå&Gmom; umvmrrif;om;wkdYu Ak'¨bk&m;&Siftm; þokdY avQmufxm;\/ ]] jrwfpGmbk&m;? auorkwåed*kH;okdY a&mufvmMuonfh &[ef;ykPÖm; *kdPf;q&mrsm;u rdrdwkdY\ t,l0g'om rSefonf? tjcm; t,l0g'rsm; rSm;onf[k ½IwfcsuJh&JhNyD; ajymqkdMuygonf? wynfhawmfwkdUYrSm b,ft,l0g'u trSefjzpfonf[k ra0cGJEkdifatmif jzpfae&ygonf? t,l0g'awG tay:rSm oHo,jzpfae&ygonfbk&m;? 0g'rSef &rnfh enf;vrf;ukd a[mMum;awmfrlyg? }} xkdtcg

Ak'¨bk&m;&Sifu

t,l0g'a&;&mESifh

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a'oem

10-csufukd

a[mjyawmfrlonf/ ]] tkd- umvmr rif;om;wkdY? oifwkdYonf t,l0g' wpf&yfukd(1) wpfqifhpum; Mum;&kHjzifhvnf; vufrcHMuESifh? (2) ab;bkd;pOfvm t,l0g' jzpfívnf; vufrcHMuESifh? (3) ] 'Dt&mu 'Dvkd jzpfowJh } [laom aumvm[v pum;ukdvnf; vufrcHMuESifh? (4) rdrdwkdY avhvmxm;aom usrf;pmESifh nDnGwfonf[lívnf; vufrcHMuESifh? (5) rdrdwkdY awG;ac: MuHqrIESifh ukdufnD½kHrQjzifhvnf; vufrcHMuESifh? (6) ] 'Dt&m[m ,kwdå&Sdonf } [k enf;rSD axmufqí &½HkrQjzifhvnf; vufrcHMuESifh? (7) ] 'Dt&m[m rSefuefNyD } [k rdrdbmom qifjcif okH;oyfí &½kHrQjzifhvnf; vufrcHMuESifh? (8 ) rdrdwkdY pOf;pm;awG;MuH vufcHxm;aom t,l0g'ESifh ukdufnDNyD[lívnf; vufrcHMuESifh? (9) rdrdwkdY ,HkMunfxkdufaom yk*d¾KvfBuD;u ajymaompum; jzpfívnf; vufrcHMuESifh? (10) rdrdwkdY av;pm;aom q&morm;\ pum;jzpfívnf; vufrcHMuESifh? }} þtcsufwkdYukd

axmuf½Iaomtm;jzifh

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pHjyKp&m

10-csufukd

a[mjyNyD;aemuf

ukd,fwkdifvufawGU

prf;oyf&rnfh

a'oem"r®ukdvnf; qufvufí a[mjyawmfrlonf/ ]] tkd- umvmrrif;om;wkdY? oifwkdYonf ] 'Dw&m;u raumif;rI tukokdvfw&m;yJ? 'Dw&m;u tjypf&SdwJh w&m;jzpfw,f? ynm&SdwkdY uJh&JhtyfwJh w&m;jzpfw,f? 'Dw&m;ukd usifhokH;&if udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

50

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) tusdK;rJhjzpfr,f? qif;&J'ku© a&mufapr,f } [k oifwkdYukd,fwkdif od&SdvmrnfqkdvQif xkdw&m;ukd z,f&Sm;Mu&rnf? }} þae&mwGif aumif;rIESifh raumif;rIqkdaom oabmw&m;ukd avhvm&awmhrnf/ raumif;rI[laom oabmukd

t,l0g'wpfckESifhwpfck

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rwlnDMuay/

Ak'¨a'oemawmfurl

raumif;aomtrI raumif;aom p½kdufwkdYukd þokdY tajz&Smay;xm;onf/ raumif;rI p½kdufqkd; 10-yg; Ak'¨a'oemawmfü raumif;rI p½kdufqkd; 10-yg;ukd rjyKvkyf&ef wm;jrpfxm;\/ ,if; 10-yg;wkdYrSm(1) ukd,fjzifh jyKvkyfaom p½kdufqkd; 3-yg; ? (2) EIwfjzifh jyKvkyfaom p½kdufqkd; 4-yg; ? (3) pdwfjzifh jyKvkyfaom p½kdufqkd; 3-yg;wkdY jzpfayonf/ ,if;p½kdufqkd; 10-yg;ukdvnf; þokdY csJUzGifhjyxm;\/ (1) ukd,fjzifh jyKvkyftyfaom p½kdufqkd; 3-yg;rSm(u) olwpfyg;\ toufukd owfjcif; ? (c) olwpfyg;\ Opömukd ckd;,ljcif; ? (*) umrrIü azmufjyefjcif; wkdYjzpfonf/ (2) EIwfjzifh jyKvkyfaom p½kdufqkd; 4-yg;rSm(u) r[kwfrrSef vdrfnm ajymqkdjcif; ? (c) cifrifaeol tcsif;csif; pdwf0rf;uGJatmif ukef;wkdufpum; ajymqkdjcif; ? (*) rdrd olwpfyg; tusdK;r&Sdaom pum;ukd ajymqkdjcif; ? (C) Murf;wrf;aom pum;ukd ajymqkdjcif; wkdY jzpfonf/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

51

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) (3) pdwfjzifh jyKvkyfaom p½kdufqkd; 3-yg;rSm(u) olwpfyg;\ ypönf;ukd rdrd&,l&ef rw&m;aom enf;vrf;jzifh MuHpnfjcif; ? (c) olwpfyg;\ pnf;pdrfOpömukd zsufqD;&ef MuHpnfjcif; ? (*) t,ltjrif rSm;,Gif;jcif; wkdY jzpfonf/ azmfjyyg p½kdufqkd;rsm;ukd rjyKvkyfbJ a&SmifMuOfaeolukd p½kdufaumif;&Sdol? pm&dwåaumif;ol [lí Ak'¨a'oemawmfü a[mjyxm;avonf/ vlwkdYusifh&m r*Fvm Ak'¨a'oemawmfü vlrIb0usifhxkH;rsm;ukd taumif;qkH;azmfjyonfh a'oemwpfckvnf; &Sdonf/ ,if;um; r*Fvokwfw&m;awmf jzpfonf/ r*Fvokwfonf vlUb0wpfckvkH;twGuf aqmif&ef a&Smif&efrsm;ukd azmfjyxm;\/ w&m;awmfukd tESpfcsKyfvQif 38-yg;rQ &Sdonf/ ,if;wkdYrSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfonf/ (1) vlrkdufukd raygif;azmfjcif;? (2) ynm&Sdolukd qnf;uyfjcif;? (3) ylkaZmfxdkufolukd ylaZmfjcif;? (4) oifhavsmfaom t&yfa'oü aexkdifjcif;? (5) a&S;u jyKaom aumif;rI&Sdjcif;? (6) rdrdukd,fukd aumif;pGm xdef;odrf;jcif;? (7) tMum;tjrif A[kokw rsm;jcif;? (*) pufrI vufrIpaom tjypfrJhynmukd wwfajrmufjcif;? (9) ,Ofaus;rI tusifhodu©mukd oif,ljcif;? (10) aumif;aom pum;ukd ajymqkdjcif;? (11) rdbESpfyg;wkdYtm; vkyfauR;jcif;? (12) om; r,m;wkdYtm; ay;urf; axmufyHhjcif;? (13) rnfolUukdrQ rxdckdfufaom tvkyfukd vkyfjcif;? (14) ay;urf; vSK'gef;jcif;? udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

52

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) (15) jrwfaomtusifhukd usifhjcif;? (16) aqGrsdK;wkdYukd wwfEkdifoavmuf axmufyHhjcif;? (17) tukokdvf uif;aom tvkyfukd vkyfjcif;? (18) raumif;rIukd pdwfjzifh a0;pGm a&Smifjcif;? (19) raumif;rIukd ukd,f EIwfESpfyg;jzifh a&Smifjcif;? (20) ao&nf ao&uf rl;,pfaq;0g;wkdYukd a&Smifjcif;? (21) aumif;rIwkdYü rarhavsmhjcif; ? (22) ½kdaoxkdufolukd ½kdaojcif;? (23) armufrmrI r&SdbJ ESdrfhcsjcif;? (24) &orQESifh a&mifh&J wif;wdrfjcif;? (25) olwpfyg;\ aus;Zl;ukd odwwfjcif;? (26) tcgtcGifh oifhwkdif; w&m;emjcif;? (27) onf;cHwwfjcif;? (28) qkdqkH;r vG,fulol jzpfjcif;? (29) t&d,m oHCmwkdYukd zl;awGUjcif;? (30) oifhavsmfaom tcgü w&m;aqG;aEG;jcif;? (31) NcdK;jcHpGm usifhjcif;? (32) jrwfaom tusifh &Sd&jcif;? (33) t&d,opömw&m;ukd odjrif&jcif;? (34) edAÁmefcsrf;omukd rsufarSmufjyKEkdifjcif;? (35) avmu"Hw&m;wkdYukd cHEkdif&nf &Sdjcif;? (36) pkd;&drf aMumifhMurI r&Sdjcif;? (37) jyif;jyaom tvkd&r®uf uif;jcif;? (38) aMumuf&GHUrI r&Sdjcif;?

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

53

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) BuD;yGm;csrf;om a'oem vlom;wkdYonf b0wpfck jzpfwnfvmNyDqkdvQif t"duusaom vlUb0vkdtifrsm; rvGJraoG jzpfay:vm&onf/ ta&; 4-yg;onf vlUb0\ y"mevkdtifrsm; jzpf\/ ,if;wkdYrSm(1) pm;aomufa&; ? (2) 0wfqifa&; ? (3) aexkdifa&; ? (4) pdwfajza&; wkdY jzpfayonf/ orkdif;pOfquf

vlom;wkdYonf

þta&;

4-yg;

jynfh0a&;twGuf

vIyf&Sm;cJhMu&onf/

½kef;uefcJhMu&onf/ vlUorkdif;BuD; wnf&SdaeorQ enf;[ef trsdK;rsdK;jzifh vIyf&Sm;aeMu&rnfom jzpfonf/ þokdY vIyf&Sm;aerSomvQif b0vkdtifrsm; jynfhpkHvmrnf/ vkdtifrsm; jynfh0a&;twGuf pD;yGm;OpömwkdYukd &SmazGMu&onf/ pD;yGm;Opöm jynfhpkHrSomvQif ta&; 4-yg;ukd vG,fulpGm ajz&Sif;EkdifMu\/ Ak'¨bk&m;onf

vlrIb0

zlvkHa&;?

pD;yGm;Opöm

jzpfxGef;a&;

twGufvnf;

a'oemrsm;jzifh

a[mMum;cJhonf/ oAÁnKw ÓPftjrifjzifh bufpkH axmifhpkHrS a[mjycJhonf/ Ak'¨bk&m;&Sifonf yuú&ywårnfaom ed*kH;ü oDwif;okH;aepOf As*¢yZÆac:aom 'g,umwpfa,mufu vlrIb0 zlvkHa&;twGuf pD;yGm;jzpfaMumif; w&m;wkdYukd ar;avQmufcJhonf/ xkdtcg bk&m;&Sifu avmucsrf;om&aMumif;&Smí orÜ'gw&m; 4-yg;ukd a[mjyawmfrlavonf/ (1) O|me orÜ'g = rysif;r&d x
tm&u©

orÜ'g

=

&&Sdvmonfh

ypönf;OpömwkdYukd

vdr®muRrf;usifpGm

apmifha&Smuf

xdef;odrf;wwfrIESifh jynfpkHjcif;? (3) uvsmPrdwå orÜ'g = rSDckd ukd;pm; tm;xm;avmufonfh rdwfaqGaumif; &SdrIESifh jynfhpkHjcif;? (4) orZD0dw orÜ'g = pepfwus rQwpGm toufarG; okH;pGJ aexkdifwwfrIESifh jynfhpkHjcif;? xkdYjyif BuD;yGm;csrf;omjcif;? atmifjrifausmfMum;jcif;paom tusKd;aumif;rsm; &&Sda&;twGuf orÜwdåpufac:aom puf 4-rsdK;ESifhvnf; jynfhpkH&ef vkdtyfonf/ udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

54

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) (1) y#d½ly a'o0go = pD;yGm;a&;? bmoma&;ponfh atmifjrif wkd;wufEkdifaomt&yfü tajccs aexkdif&jcif;? (2) oyÜK&dolyedó, = olawmfaumif;rsm;ESifh ynm&Sd rdwfaqGaumif; taygif;toif;rsm; &Sd&jcif; ? (3) twåorm yPd"d = rdrdukd,fukd vlawmfvlaumif; jzpfatmif jyKjyifay;&jcif;? (4) ykaAÁp uwyknwm = a&SUykdif;umv a&S;b0u jznfhusifh qnf;yl;cJhaom aumif;aom vkyfaqmifrI &Sd&jcif;? avmuD avmukwå&m bufpkHzGHUNzdK; wkd;wufa&;ukd &,lvkdaomyk*d¾Kvfonf txufyg a'oemtwkdif; vkdufemusifhokH;tyfayonf/

þa'oemawmfvm

BuD;yGm;csrf;omaMumif;

w&m;rsm;onf

vufiif;b0twGuf {uef BuD;yGm;EkdfifaomOya'orsm; jzpfonf/ vufawGUusaom w&m;"r®vnf; jzpfonf/ ]] OKHzG ref;vQif t&rf; BuD;yGm;rnf? }} [laom rEÅ&a'oem pdwful;,Of *gxmrsKd;vnf; r[kwf/ ]] wu,fvkyfrS t[kwfBuD;yGm;rnf? }} [laom vufawGU a'oem aqmifyk'fpmrsm; jzpfacsonf/ vlwkdYonf orÜ'g 4-yg;ESifhtnD BudK;pm;tm;xkwfojzifh b0ESifh b0pnf;pdrfrsm;ukd &&SdEkdifMuonf/ xkd&&Sdvmaom vkdtyfonf/

b0tajctaeukd tu,fí

rdrdu

rysufr,Gif;atmif taetxkdif

rdrdb0ukd

rwwfcJhvQif

xdef;odrf;aewwfzkdYvnf;

&&SdNyD;aom

b0pnf;pdrfrsm;

ysufpD;oGm;&rnf jzpfonf/ b0pnf;pdrfOpöm ysufpD; qkwf,kwfaMumif; w&m;rsm;ukd þokdY azmfjyxm;\/ (1) ao&nfao&ufpaom rl;,pfypönf;rsm;ukd okH;pGJavh &Sdjcif;? (2) tcsdeftcgrJh c&D;oGm;vmavh &Sdjcif;? (3) yGJobifwkdYü oGm;vm Munhf½Iavh &Sdjcif;? (4) avmif;upm; ponfü 0goemxkHjcif;? (5) raumif;aom taqGcifyGef;wkdYESifh aygif;oif;jcif;? (6) ysif;&davh &Sdjcif;? udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

55

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& )

Ak'¨pmayü od*Fgavm0g'okwf a'oemawmfonf vlrI'ku© ajz&Sif;a&;? vlwef;pm;tcsif;csif; ajyvnfpGm qufqHa&;paom vlrIa&;uxm pOf;rsOf;tjzmjzmwkdYukd azmfjyxm;aom w&m;awmf jzpfonf/ Ak'¨w&m;awmfrsm;onf vlom;wkdY\ ta&; 4-yg;twGuf vufawGU&&SdEkdfifaom "r®a'oemrsm; jzpfonf/ Ak'¨\a'oemwkdYwGif vkd&if;ukdEkwfí tusOf;csKyfxm;aom a'oemwpfyk'f &Sdonf/ ,if;a'oemrSm(1) raumif;rIukd rjyK&? (2) aumif;rIukd jyK&rnf? (3) pdwfukd jzLpifap&rnf[lí jzpfayonf/ txufyg 3-csufonf Ak'¨bk&m;&Sif\ "r®a'oemawmf tESpfcsKyf jzpfownf;/ Ak'¨\ 'óew&m;awmf Ak'¨bk&m;&Sifonf

trSefw&m;ukd&SmazG&mwGif

obm0w&m;tay:ü

csOf;uyfí

&SmazGcJhonf/

avmuobm0ukd tajccHuspGm okH;oyfMunfh½IcJhonf/ xkdtcg avmuobm0ü wu,fwrf; &Sdaeaom w&m; 4-rsdK;ukd awGUjrifvm&onf/ (1) tm½kHukd odwwfaom pdwfobm0w&m;? (2) pdwfukd trSDjyKí jzpfay:wwfaom apwodufobm0w&m;? (3) azmufjyef ajymif;vJaeaom ½kyfobm0w&m;? (4) pGJvrf;rIrsm;rS vGwfajrmufaom edAÁmefoabmw&m;? azmfjyyg obm0w&m; 4-yg;wkdYonf wu,fwrf;&Sdaeaom obm0w&m;rsm; jzpfonf/ xkdt&Sdw&m; 4-yg;wkdYwGif edAÁmef[laom obm0w&m;rSm Ak'¨ukd,fwkdif &SmazGawGU&SdcJhaom "mwfobm0wpfck jzpfonf/ edAÁme"mwfonf vlom;wkdY\ Nidrf;csrf;rIukd tpOfxm0&ay;aeaom "mwfobm0vnf; jzpf\/ Ak'¨bmomwkdY\ txGwftxdyfjzpfaom "mwfvnf; jzpfonf/ edAÁme"mwf\ tESpfom&obm0ukd &&SdEkdif&eftwGuf Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdif; tywfwukwf BudK;pm; tm;xkwfaeMuavonf/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

56

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) Ak'¨bk&m;&Sifonf

edAÁme"mwfobm0ukd

odjrifcHpm;Ekdif&eftwGuf

a'oemtpm;pm;jzifh

a[mMum;jychJonf/ edAÁme"mwfukd odjrifEkdif&eftwGuf tm;xkwfMu&mü a&SmifMuOf&rnfh udpöwkdYukd a&S;OD;pGm a[mjyxm;onf/ - umr*kPftm½kHaemufokdY &r®ufBuD;pGmvkdufí cHpm;aeojzifh edAÁme"mwfukd rodEkdif/ - rdrdcE¨mukd,fukd tqif;&JcHí yifyef;BuD;pGm usifhaeojzifhvnf; edAÁme"mwfukd rodEkdif/ rSefayonf/ edAÁme"mwfoabmukd ÓPfpu©Kjzifhom od&SdEkdif\/ cE¨mukd,fukd tyifyef;cHí usifhMuHjcif;jzifh ÓPfvrf;aMumif;ay:okdY ra&mufEkdifay/ Ak'¨bk&m;&Sifukd,fwkdif 6-ESpfMumrQ cE¨mukd,fukd tyifyef;cHí usifhMuHcJhzl;onf/ tyifyef;cHvQif tjrifrSef &vdrfhrnf[kvnf; ,kHMunfcJhonf/ xkdtcsdefu tdEd´,EkdifiH&Sd ½kd;&musifhxkH;rsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifh cE¨mukd,fukd n§Of;yef;&aom usifhxkH;rsm; jzpfonf/ Ak'¨avmif;vsm vkdcsifonfum; b0Nidfrf;csrf;rI jzpf\/ jidrf;csrf;rI &&Sd&eftwGuf cE¨mukd,fukd n§Of;yef;usifh&onf/ cE¨mukd n§Of;qJojzifh cE¨m'ku¨om &cJhonf/ b0Nidrf;csrf;rIukd r&cJhay/ xkdYaMumifh ½kd;&musifhxkH;rsm;ukd vufvTwfNyD; b0Nidrf;csrf;rIukd rZÑdry#dy'gac: tv,ftvwf vrf;pOfjzifh &SmazGcJhonf/ xkdtcgrS Nidrf;csrf;aom edAÁme"mwfukd awGUod& onf/ Ak'¨bk&m;&Sifonf(1) qif;&Jjcif; w&m;ukdvnf;aumif;? (2) qif;&Jjcif; taMumif;w&m;ukdvnf;aumif;? (3) Nidrf;csrf;rI w&m;ukdvnf;aumif;? (4) Nidrf;csrf;jcif; taMumif;w&m;ukdvnf;aumif;ukd,fykdifÓPfjzifh awGUjrifvmonf/ xkd 4-rsdK;ukd opöm (trSefw&m;) av;yg;[k ac:qkd\/ ,if; 4-yg;\ t"dyÜm,frSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfonf/ (1) qif;&Jjcif;w&m;/ / y#doaE¨ ae&jcif;? tkdrif;&jcif;? emzsm;&jcif;? aoqkH;&jcif;? rcspfolESifh aygif;&jcif;? cspfolESifh cGJ&jcif;? tvkd&Sdaom tm½kHukd r&jcif;? tusOf;tm; jzifh pGJvrf;rItm½kHjzpfaom ½kyfemrftpkwkdYonf qif;&Jjcif;w&m; rnf\/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

57

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) (2) qif;&JaMumif;w&m;/ / jyif;jyaom vkdcsifrI (0g) wPSmonf b0opfukdarQmfvifh jzpfay:avh &Sd\/ xkdwPSmonf umrukd pGJvrf;jcif;? b0ukd pGJvrf;jcif;? 0db0ukd pGJvrf;jcif;rsm; jzpfay:aponf/ xkdtpGJtvrf;rsm;onf qif;&JaMumif;w&m;rsm; jzpfonf/ (3) Nidrf;csrf;rIw&m;/ / pGJvrf;rIw&m;\ uif;&m? csKyfNidrf;&m? wPSm\ uyfNidfjcif;uif;&m edAÁmefonf &Sd\/ xkdedAÁmef[laom oabmw&m;onf qif;&J\ csKyfNidrf;&m Nidrf;csrf;rI trSef jzpf\/ (4) Nidrf;csrf;jcif; taMumif;w&m;/ / edAÁme"mwfoabmukd od&SdEkdif&eftwGuf tajccHw&m; 8-yg; &Sdonf/ xkd 8-yg;udk rZdÑry#dy'gvrf;pOf[k ac:onf/ r*¾if 8- yg;[kvnf; ac:\/ r*¾if&Spfyg; jrwfw&m; (1) or®m'd|d/ / rSefuefaom tofdtjrifukd ac:onf/ 'ku©opömukd odjrifjcif;? 'ku©opömjzpfaMumif; ork',opömukd odjrifjcif;? 'ku© csKyfNidrf;&m eda&m"opömukd odjrifjcif;? 'ku©csKyf&m edAÁmefokdY a&mufaMumif; tusifhukd oddjrifjcif;? (2) or®mouFyÜ/ / rSefuefaom tMuHtpnfukd ac:onf/ umr*kPftpGJrS xGufajrmuf&mukd MuHpnfjcif;? olwpfyg;wkdYtwGuf aumif;pm;a&; csrf;om;a&;ukd MuHpnfjcif;? oem;a&S;½Ií owå0gwkdY\ csrf;oma&;ukd MuHpnfjcif;? (3) or®0gpm/ / rSefuefaompum; ajymqkfdjcif;ukd ac:onf/ r[kwfrrSef ajymqkdjcif;? ukef;wkdufpum; ajymjcif;? ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;aom pum;ukd ajymjcif;? tusdK;r&Sd jydefzsif;aom pum;ukd ajymqkdjcif;wkdYrS a&SmifMuOfjcif;? (4) or®mur®EÅ/ / rSefuefaomtrI jyKjcif;ukd ac:onf/ olUtouf owfjcif;? olUOpömukd ckd;,ljcif;? 0w¬Kumr*kPfwkdYü rSm;,Gif;pGm usifhjcif;wkdYrS a&SmifMuOfjcif;? (5) or®mtmZD0/ / rSefuefaom toufarG;rI jyKjcif;ukd ac:onf/ toufarG;rI vkyfief;ukd jyKvkyfaomtcg EIwfrI p½kdufqkd; 4-yg;? ukd,frI p½kdufqkd; 3-yg;wkdYukd a&SmifMuOfjcif;? (6) or®m0g,mr/ / rSefuefaom tm;xkwfrIukd ac:onf/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

58

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59

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60

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61

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62

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63

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64

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65

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66

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aexkdifjcif;? 67

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) Ak'¨bmomw&m;awmfukd ouf0if ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh Nidrf;csrf;pGm twl,SOfwGJ aexkdifcJhonf [k qkdEkdifayonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqkdaomf rGefjynfe,f bD;vif;NrdKUe,f&Sd Zkwfokwf&Gm xD;aqmif;bk&m;ukd bDvl;rsm;u wnfxm; ukd;uG,fcJhMuaomaMumifhaywnf;/ ok0PÖbkrd®ac: oxkHNrdKUukd bDpD 17-&mpkuyif wnfaxmifcJhonf[k rGefjrefrm &mZ0ifwkdYu a&;qkdMu\/ okdY&mwGif wdusaom orkdif;taxmuftxm;ukd rawGU&ao;acs/ orkdif;wifacwf a&mufaomtcg ok0PÖbkrd®ESifh pyfí acgryx0D0if ynm&Sif awmfvrDa&;aom yx0Dusrf;ü awGU&Sd&\/ awmfvrDu aApif*ac: rkwåryifv,fauGU urf;½kd;wef; wpfavQmufwGif t&yfykí Murf;wrf;aom MuHhckdifaom vlMurf;rsm; aexkdifaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifxm;cJhonf/ xkdvlrsdK;pkkrsm;rSm pmaywkdYü bDvl;[kac:aom vlrsdK;rsm; jzpfonf/ xkdvlrsdK;pk trsm;tjym;rSm vlrsdK;opfrsm; 0ifa&mufvmaomtcgü yifv,fwGif;&Sd uRef;pkrsm;ay:okdY ajymif;a&TUoGm;Muavonf/ tcsdKUbDvl;rsdK;

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

68

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) þwGif

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69

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) jzpfonf/ Ak'¨bmomonf tdEd´,rSyif wkduf&kduf &&SdcJhonf/ AdóEkd;NrdKUa[mif;ukd wl;azmf&mwGif ] oHCoD&d } [laom trSwftom;ygonfh wHqdyfwpfckukd awGU&SfdMu&onf/ xkdtcsufukd axmufí AdóEkd;NrdKUawmfü Ak'¨bmom &[ef;awmfrsm; oDwif;okH;í omoemjyKaeMuNyD[k qkdEkdifayonf/ AdóEkd;okdY

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

70

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) ykdrkdae\/ xkdYaMumifh oa&acwå&macwf Ak'¨bmomrSm ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom jzpfaMumif; ckdifrmpGm od&SdMu&ayonf/ oa&acwå&mysLwkdYonf Ak'¨bmomw&m;awmfxJrS tbd"r®myd#uawmfukd ykdí ta&;xm;um av;pm;cJhMuonf[k qkdEkdif\/ Ak'¨bk&m;\ 'óea'oemawmfukd tajcjyKonfh a,"r®mtpcsD *gxmrSm ysLvlrsdK;wkfdY tBudKufqkH;*gxm jzpf[efwlonf/þ*gxmukd ysLe,fajrrsm;ü rMumcP awGUMu&onf/ *gxmrSm þokdY jzpf\/ a,"r®m a[wkyÜb0g awoH a[wkH wxm*awm tm[ awoOö a,m eda&ma"m {0H 0g'D r[moraPm/ (jrefrmjyef) / / ]] tMuif ('ku©)w&m;wkdYonf taMumif;(ork',)aMumifh jzpfukef\/ xkd ('ku©) w&m;wkdY\ taMumif; (ork',) jzpfaom w&m;ukdvnf; aumif;? xkdtusdK; ('ku©)? taMumif; (ork',) w&m;wkdY\ csKyfNidrf;&m (eda&m")? csKyfNidrf;aMumif; (r*¾) w&m;udkvnf;aumif; jrwfpGmbk&m;onf a[mawmfrl\/ &[ef;jrwfonf þokdY t,l&Sdyg\/ }} (q|oH*g,emrl) oa&acwå&mysLwkdY\

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71

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) oifhjrwfoGm;Muonf/ NrdKU&Gma'orsm;wGif ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;? uyfqkd;BuD;rsm; qkdufa&mufvmvQif bk&ifrif;jrwfonf ½kyfyGm;awmf a&SUarSmufwGif tarT;eHYom xGef;nd§ylaZmfí jynfoljynfom;wkdYukd w&m;ESifhtnD tkyfpkd;ygrnf[k opömt"d|mef jyK&onf/ ysLwkdY a'owGif bkef;BuD;ausmif;aygif; 100-ausmfrQru &Sdonf/ bkef;BuD;ausmif;rsm;wGif a&TaiGwkdYjzifh pDjc,fí [oFjy'g;ESifh awmufyaomta&mifrsm; okwfvdrf;xm;onfh crf;rBuD; toG,foG,f &Sdonf/ Murf;jyifrsm;ukdvnf; teDa&mifqkd;í yef;yGifh rsm;xkd;xm;aom aumfaZmrsm; cif;xm;onf/ bkef;BuD;ausmif;rsm;\ trkd;rsm;ukd eef;awmfacgifrkd;uJhokdYyif pOfhokwfxm;aom tkwf
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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

72

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) tcsKyftm;jzifhqkd&vQif ysLvlrsdK;wkdY\ b0"avhonf ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom,Ofaus;rI"avh jzpfonf/ ysLwkdYonf Ak'¨bmom avmif;&dyfukd ckdvIHvsuf rdrdwkdY\b0ukd xdef;ausmif;aexdkifcJhMuavonf/ jrefrmwkdY 0ifa&mufvmjcif; AdóEkd;?

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

73

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) jrefrm[k ac:wGifrnfh tpk0ifrsm;onf at'D 5-&mpkavmufuyif jrefrmjynf ajrjyefYa'ookdY tajccscJhNyD[k qkdEkdifayonf/ a&S;OD;jrefrmwkdYonf at'D 5-&mpkcefYwGif taxGaxG taMumif;rsm;aMumifh a&Munf&m jrufEk&mokdY qif;vmMuonf/ tcsdKUonf &ckdifawmifwef;qDokdY a&mufoGm;Muonf/ olwkdYonf &ckdifa'oü ] urf;,H } trnfjzifh tajccs aexkdifMuonf/ tcsdKUonf ykHawmif ykHnmokdY wufoGm;Muonf/ olwkdYukd ] a,m } (,0f) [k ac:onf/ tcsdKU jrefrmwkdYonf {&m0wDESifh csif;wGif;jrpf ESpfoG,f pyfMum;ü ae&mopfukd &SmazGMuonf/ xkdtcsdefwGif

jrefrmwkdYtwGuf

tajccsp&m

ae&maumif;rsm;

&Sm;yg;aeNyD/

ajraumif;

ajrjyefYa'orsm;rSm ysLvlrsdK;wkdY\ vufatmufü &SdaecJhMuNyD/ a&Tbkd0ef;usifonf

[efvif;ysLwkdY\

ausmufqnfvGifjyifrSmvnf;

vufatmufü

yifv,fysLwkdY\

vufatmufü

&Sdae\/

v,fwGif;a'o

&Sdae\/

atmufykdif;a'orSm

oa&acwå&mysLwkdY\ e,fajrjzpfonf/ jrefrmwkdYonf

ae&mopfukd

&SmazGMu&mü

jrpf0Srf;a'oukdvnf;

vkdcsifMuonf/

okdY&mwGif

jrpf0Srf;a'oü ae&maumif;rsm; &Sm;yg;aeNyD/ xkdYaMumifh ysLvlrsdK;wkdY rufarmjcif; r&Sdaom a'owpfckü tajccs aexkdifMu&onf/ xkda'oum; aemiftcgwGif t&dr'´eyl& ac: yk*HNrdKUawmfBuD; jzpfvmrnfh {&m0wDjrpfauGU a'oyifwnf;/ {&m0wDjrpfauGU&Sd wk&ifawmifajc a'oonf jrpfESifh eD;aomfvnf; pkdufcif;ysdK; uGuf vkyfcsuf raumif;ay/

rkd;enf;a'ovnf;

jzpfonf/

&moDOwk

yljyif;onf/

xkdYaMumifh

usefppfom;ausmufpmrsm;ü yk*Ha'oukd ] wwåa'o } (avmavmylaomt&yf) [k qkdcJh\/ ajreDoJ0Srf;rsm; jzpfaomaMumifh ] wrÁ'Dy } (aMu;eDa&mifa'o) [lívnf; &Sif'domygarmuf ausmufpmü a&;xkd;xm;cJhavonf/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

74

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) at'D 6-&mpkavmufwGif jrefrmwkdY tiftm;pkpnf;rdvmNyD/ rdrdwkdY\ ukd,fykdif,Ofaus;rIukd xlaxmifMuNyD/ at'D 638-ckESpfwGif jrefrmwkdYu ukd,fykdif ouú&mZfukd tokH; jyKMuonf/ at'D 9-&mpkausmfavmufwGif eefacsmif (eefapm) a'oü uGJuGmae&pfaom jrefrmvlrsdK;wkdYESifh wpfEG,fwnf; jzpfonfh ] riftpk } 0ifwkdYvnf; jrefrmjynfwGif;okdY a&muf&SdvmMuonf/ xkdtcsdefwGif jrefrmwkdY tiftm;pk BuD;xGm;vmNyD; yk*Hukd A[kdjyKí EkdifiHawmfopfukd xlaxmifMuonf/ xkdtcsdefü ysLvlrsdK;wkdYvnf; 0g;tpnf;ajyovkd jzpfaeMuNyD/ oa&acwå&monf vlrsdK;pkcsif; y#du©jzpfjcif;? ukd;uG,frIjcif; rajyrvnfjzpfjcif;paom taMumif;wkdYaMumifh pdwf0rf;uGJaeMuNyD jzpfí tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmvnf; rwnfwHhawmh/ tmPmvk wkdufyGJrsm; jzpfyGm;&mrS aejynfawmf ysufpD;cJh&onf/ ajrmufykdif;&Sd [efvif;NrdKUawmfrSmvnf; at'D 832-ckESpfwGif eefacsmifwkdY wkfdufckdufaomaMumifh ysufpD;&onf/ wpfzef 835-ckESpfwGif v,fwGif;a'o yefavmifjrpfteD;&Sd rkdif;arm[k ac:aeMuaom yxryifv,fNrdKU

(w½kwftac:

rdcsJif=

pyg;NrdKU)ukdvnf;

eefacsmifwkdYu

qufvufí

wkdufckdufzsufqD;cJhjyefonf/ þokdYjzifh ysLa'o tkyfcsKyfa&;rsm; ysufpD;cJh&avonf/ xkdtcsdefwGif

yk*Ha'oü&Sdaom

ysLe,fajrrsm;ukdyg tkyfcsKyfrIukdcH,l&aom

jrefrmwkdYonf

tkyfpkd;vmEkdifMuonf/ vlrsdK;rsm;

EkdifiHawmftiftm;ukd

ysLvlrsdK;wkdYonf

jzpfvmMuonf/

csJUxGifEkdifMuonf/

wjznf;jznf;ESifh

aemufykdif;

jrefrmwkdY\

&mpkESpfrsm;wGif

ysLwkdYonf

jrefrmwkdYESifh aoG;aESmum ]] ysLvnf; jrefrm jrefrmvnf; ysL }} [laom tqihfokdY a&muf&SdvmcJhavawmhonf/ ax&0g' omoemhEkdifiHawmf at'D 8-&mpk 0ef;usifwGif ysLwkdY\ NrdKUjyEkdifiHi,frsm;ü bmomt,l0g'rsm; ½IyfaxG;ae\/ r[m,me?

jA[®P0g'?

ewfukd;uG,frI?

e*g;ukd;uG,frIpaom

t,l0g'rsdK;pkHukd

vufcH

usifhokH;aeMuonf/ udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

75

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& )

þt,l0g'rsdK;pkHonf

jrefrmEkdifiHawmfopfukd

ul;a&mufvmMuonf/

xkdYaMumifhyif

xlaxmifaomtcgü

yk*HacwfOD;ü

t,l0g'rsdK;pkHukd

yk*HNrdKUawmfokdY awGU&SdaeMu&onf/

xkdt,l0g'rsm;xJwGif orxD; t&nf;BuD;wkdY\ wEÅ&*kdPf;rSm tus,fjyefYqkH;[k qkdEkdifonf/ yk*HacwfOD;wGif t&nf;BuD;acgif;aqmif wEÅ&&[ef;BuD; 3-usdyfESifh wynfhaygif; 60000(ajcmufaomif;) rQ &Sdaeavonf/ taemf&xmrif;

eef;wufvmaomtcgü

tm;jydKifaeMuonf/

taemf&xmrif;onf

t,l0g'rsdK;pkHwkdYrSm

ukd,fhenf;ukd,fh[efESifh

ukd;uG,frIoefYpifa&;ukd

aqmif&GufvkdaomqE´

jyif;jyvsuf &Sdonf/ okdYaomfvnf; rnfodYk aqmif&Guf&rnf[k rodEkdifbJ jzpfae& avonf/ xkdtcsdefwGif oxkHrS t&Sift&[Hrax&fESifh awGUBuKHcJh&onf/ Ak'¨\ ax&0g' a'oemawmfukd emMum;cJh&onf/ taemf&xmrif;onf t&Sift&[H\ a'oemawmfukd oabmusoGm;onf/ MunfndKo'¨gyGm;oGm;onf/ rdrd\ yk*Haejynfawmfü ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom xGef;jyefYap&rnf[k qkH;jzwfvkdufonf/ xkdYaemuf t&Sift&[Hrax&fukd q&mjyKí ukd;uG,frIoefYpifa&;ukd aqmif&Gufavawmhonf/ ,cifu

jynfolwkdYukd;uG,faeaom

yk*HjynfolwkdYukd

vSnfhpm;aeaom

t,l0g'rsm;ukd

acszsufypfonf/

t&nf;BuD;wkdYtm;

wEÅ&

rEÅ&wkdYjhzifh

vl0wfvJaponf/

xkdYaemuf

t&nf;BuD;vlkxGufrsm;ukd tJarmif; vSHukdif qifacs;usKH; jrif;acs;usKH; tvkyfwkdYukd apckdif;onf/ awmifolBuD;rif; vuffxufu tm;ay;ojzifh xGef;um;cJhaom e*g;udk;uG,frIukdvnf; rif;rdefYjzifh wm;qD;ypfonf/ xkdtcsdefrSpí ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom xGef;um;vmavonf/ EkdifiHtkyfcsKyfaomrif;u tm;ay;ojzifh EkdifiHom;wkdYuvnf; Ak'¨bmomukd ukd;uG,fqnf;uyfvmMuonf/ aemufykdif;wGif jrefrmEkdifiHonf ax&0g' omoemhEkdifiHawmf jzpfvmcJhavonf/ udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

76

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) jrefrmrif;rsm;vufxuf Ak'¨bmom taemf&xmrif;BuD;

jyKpkcJhaom

ax&0g'

Ak'¨bmomrSm

tajcckdifoavmuf&SdaeNyD;rS

apmvl;rif;vufxufwGif tm;enf;ovkd jzpfoGm;&jyefonf/ apmvl;rif;onf t&nftcsif; csnfheJYaom rif;wpfyg; jzpfonf/ pGrf;&nf&SdolwkdYukd rcsD;ajr§mufwwf/ rdrdukd tEÅ&m,fjyKrnfholtm; eef;wGif;üxm;í ajr§mufpm;onf/ usefppfom;uJhokdY opömapmifhodaom vlpGrf;aumif;ukdyif yk*HaejynfawmfrS y,fxkwfxm; cJhonf/ þtcGifhaumif;ukd,lí yJcl;pm; i&refu ykefuefonf/ i&refonf apmvl;rif; ajr§mufpm;xm;aom NrdKUpm;wpfOD; jzpfonf/ i&refonf ppftiftm;ukd pkpnf;vsuf yk*Haejynfawmfukd odrf;ykduf&ef csDwufvmavonf/ apmvl;rif;onf yJcl;pm; i&ref\ ppfOD;ukd ukd,fwkdifcsDwufí wkdufckdufonf/ i&ref\ ppfy&d,m,fukd em;rvnfaomaMumifh apmvl;rif; tzrf;cH&onf/ xkdpOf usefppfom;u oGm;a&muf u,fwifao;onf/ okdYaomfvnf; usefppfom;ukd txifvGJojzifh tu,frcHcJh/ aemufqkH;wGif apmvl;rif;onf i&ref\ vufcsufjzifh toufao&avonf/ i&ref\ xkd;ppfqifvmrIaMumifh yk*HjynfolwkdYonf aMumuf&GHUxdwfvefYaeMu\/ apmvlrif; usqkH;í yk*HwyfBuD;ysufaomtcg NrdKUawmfae jynfolrsm;ESifh &[ef;oHCmwkdYonf NrdKUawmfESifh a0;&mokdY

ajy;a&SmifukefMuonf/

yk*Hjynfü

½kwfw&uf

vlOD;a&avsmhyg;oGm;NyD;

pnfa0p

&[ef;oHCmrsm;vnf; yg;&Sm;oGm;awmhonf/ aemufykdif;wGif usefppfom;OD;aqmifí i&ref\ykefuefrIBuD;ukd EdIrfeif;EkdifcJhonf/ usefppfom; atmifEkdifojzifh yk*HjynfolwkdYu usefppfom;tm; yk*HxD;eef;ukd tkyfcsKyf&ef vTJtyfMuonf/ usefppfom;onf rarQmfvifhbJ rif;jzpfvm&onf/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

77

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) usefppfom;rif;onf yk*Hjynfukd jyefvnfpnfyGm;atmif aqmif&Guf&onf/ ajy;a&Smifaeaom yk*HjynfolwkdYukd jyefí ac:aqmif&onf/ &[ef;awmfwkdYukd jyefí yifhaqmif&onf/ þokdY jyefvnf pnf;½kH;Ekdifojzifh yk*Hjynf Ak'¨omoemvnf; qufvuf zGHUNzKd;vmcJhavonf/ xkdYaemuf yk*HacwfwpfavQmuf tkyfpkd;oGm;Muaom rif;wkdYonf ax&0g' Ak'¨bmomukdyif qufvuf ukd;uG,fcJhMuonf/ tm;ay;csD;ajr§mufcJhMuonf/ jrefrmrif;pOf wpfavQmufvkH;wGif Ak'¨bmomukd tav;rxm;bJ rav;rpm;vkyfaom rif;[lí tvGefenf;yg;vSonf/ yk*Hacwf

e&olrif;onf

Ak'¨bmomukd

&[ef;awmfwkdYukd

r,kHMunfaomaMumifh

rif;wpfOD;ukdvnf;

awGU&onf/

taeSmifht,Suf

&[ef;awmfwkdYukd okd[efbGm;onf

ay;cJhzl;onf/ owfjzwfaom

Ak'¨bmom0if

tif;0acwfwGif okd[efbGm;uJhokdY r[kwfaomaMumifh

omoemh0efxrf;wkdYukd ESdyfpufcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ apmapmykdif;u

Ak'¨bmom0if

jzpfygvsuf

aemufykdif;wGif

rdrdbmomukd

opömazmufum

tjcm;bmomokdY ul;ajymif;oGm;aom rif;wpfyg;ukdvnf; &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; awGU&onf/ xkdrif;um; &wkbk&if[k ac:wGifaeMuaom awmifilbk&if ewf&Sifaemif jzpfayonf/ jrefrmorkdif;pOf &mZ0ifwpfavQmufwGif Ak'¨bmomukd trnf;uGufxifatmif jyKvkyfcJholwkdYrSm xkdrif; 3-OD;omvQif &Sdavonf/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

78

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) tcef; (7) ax&0g' *kdfPf;uGJrsm; yk*Hacwf *kdPf;uGJrsm; tdE´d,EkdifiHESifh

oD&dvuFmEkdifiHwkdYwGif

jrefrmEkdifiHüvnf;

omoem*kdPf;uGJrsm;

Ak'¨omoem*kdPf;uGJrsm; ay:aygufcJh\/

ay:aygufvmouJhokdY

okdY&mwGif

tdEd´,*kdPf;uGJrsm;rSm

t0wftqif? tusifhtMuH? pmayrS pí tvGefuGJjym;Muonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHü uGJjym;aom *kdPf;rsm;rSmrl þrQ jcm;em;jcif; r&Sday/ ax&0g' avmif;&dyfrSyif uGJjym;cJhMujcif; jzpfonf/ jrefrmEkdifiH omoem*kdPf;uGJrsm;ukd avhvmvQif tcsdKUrSm rmeukd tajccHí uGJjym;Muonf/ tcsdKUrSm tenf;i,faom t,ltqukd tajccHí uGJjym;Muonf/ tenf;i,faom

usifhMuHrIukd

tajccHí

uGJjym;Muonf/

ukd;uG,fol

bk&iftm;ukd;jzifh

uGJjym;Muonf/ q&mpGJ twåpGJukd tajccHí uGJjym;Muonf/ yk*HacwfwGif rlvu oxkHrSvmaom t&Sift&[H

OD;aqmif

jyKpkcJhonfh

oHCmh

tzGJUtpnf;

wpfckwnf;om

&Sdonf/

e&ywdpnfolrif;vufxuf a&mufaomtcg oD[kdVfjyef oHCmhtzGJUu q&mpGJjzifh oHCmhuHukd oD;jcm;jyKMu&mrS *kdPf;wpf*kdPf; xyfyGm;vmonf/ xkdtcsdefrS pí yk*Hjynfü oHCm*kdPf; 2-*kdPf; jzpfvmonf/ ,if;wkdYrSm(1) yk&droHCm*kdPf; ? (2) ypämoHCm*kdPf;wkdY jzpfayonf/ (1) yk&droHCm*kdfPf;rSm t&Sift&[H xlaxmifcJhonfh a&S;OD;oHCm*kdPf; jzpfonf/ (2) ypämoHCm*kdPf;rSm t&Sifqy'rax&f xlaxmifaom*dkPf; jzpfonf/ qy'onfoD[kdVfokdY

oGm;í

pmayoifMum;&mrS

tjyefwGif

t&SifoD0vd?

t&SifwmrvdE´?

t&SiftmeE´mESifh t&Sif&m[kvmwkdYukd yifhvmcJhonf/ jrefrmjynf a&mufaomtcg ¤if;wkdYu udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

79

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) rdrdwkdYbmom oHCmhuHukd jyKvkyfMuonf/ e&ywdpnfolrif;uvnf; xkd&[ef;tzGJUukd tm;ay;onf/ xkd*kdPf;rSm aemufrS ay:aygufvmaomaMumifh ] ypämoHCm*kdPf; } [k ac:Muonf/ xkd*kdPf;xJrS t&Sif&m[kvmrSm vlxGufNyD; rmvm,kokdY xGufoGm;onf/ rMumrD t&Sifqy'vnf; ysHvGefawmfrlonf/ acgif;aqmifrax&f 3-yg;om usefawmhonf/ xkdrax&f 3-yg;wkdYvnf; aemufykdif;wGif vmbfvmbESifh pyfí oabmxm; rnDnGwfojzifh uGJjym;ukefMuonf/ *kdfPf;wpfckpD xlaxmifMuonf/ xkdtcsdefwGif yk*Hjynfü(1) yk&droHCm*kdPf; ? ......ypämoHCm*kdPf;rS(2) t&SifoD0vd tEG,f*kdPf; ? (3) t&SifwmrvdE´ tEG,f*kdPf; ? (4) t&SiftmeE´m*kdfPf;[lí 4-*kdPf; ay:aygufcJhavonf/ &mrnoHCm*kdPf;rsm; yk*Hacwf aemufykdif;wGif atmufykdif;a'oüvnf; &mrn*kdPf;ac: oHCm*kdPf;uGJ rsm; ay:aygufcJh\/ xkd*kdPf;xJrS tcsdKU*kdPf;rsm;rSm yk*Homoem*kdPf;uGJrsm;rS jyefYyGm;aeaom *kdPf;rsm; jzpfonf/ &mrnwkdif; [Hom0wDukd tkyfpkd;aom "r®apwDrif; vufxufü oHCm*kdPf;BuD; 6-*kdPf;rQ &Sdaeonf/ (1) uarÁmZ*kdPf;/ / taomurif; vufxufu t&SifaomPESifh t&SifOwå&rax&fwkdY tquftEG,f*kdPf; jzpfonf/ ,if;*kdPf;ukd ] t&d,moHCm*kdPf; } [kvnf; ac:onf/ xkd*kdPf;rS rax&fwpfyg;onf pmayy&d,wf jynfhpkHaomaMumifh xif&Sm;onf/ xkdrax&fonf vud©,NrdKU? y*Fgacsmif;teD;ü oDwif;okH;onf/ xkdausmif;ESifh reD;ra0;ü tdrfaps;BuD;vnf; &Sdonf/ xkdtdrfaps; ywf0ef;usifwGif uarÁmZwkdif;om; okHUyef;wkdYukd aeaponf/ xkdaps;ukdvnf; uarÁmZaps;[k ac:onf/ aemufykdif;wGifum; ausmif;ukdvnf; uarÁmZaps;ausmif;[k ac:onf/ udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

80

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& )

wpf&Haomtcg 'vNrdKUrS oD&dpnfol trnf&Sdaom 'g,umu uarÁmZaps;ausmif; rax&ftm; ausmif;BuD;aqmufí

wifvSLukd;uG,fonf/

xkdrax&frS

qif;oufvmaom

oHCmwkdYukd

]uarÁmZ*kfdPf; } oHCm[k ac:qkdMuonf/ (2) &SifoD0vd*kdPf;/ / xkd*kdfPf;rSm yk*Hjynf t&SifoD0vd rax&f*kdPf;rS qufyGm;vmaom*kdPf; jzpfonf/ (3) &SifwmrvdE´*kdfPf;/ / yk*HrSyif a&mufvmonf/ (4) &SiftmeE´m*kdPf;/ / yk*HrSyif a&mufvmonf/ (5) &SifAk'¨0Ho*kdPf;/ / rkwårNrdKUom; t&SifAk'¨0Hoonf oD[kdVfokdY oGm;í yOöif;cHNyD; jyefvmonf/ rdzk&m;u ukd;uG,fojzifh rdzk&m;q&mawmf[k ac:onf/ xkdq&mawmfuvnf; *kdfPf;wnfaxmifí oHCmhuHukd oD;jcm; jyKavonf/ (6) &Sifr[mem**kdPf;/ / xkdrax&frSmvnf; rkwårNrdKUom;yif jzpfonf/ oD[kdVfoGm;í yOöif;cHonf/ jyefvmaomtcg oD;jcm; oHCmhuH jyKí *kdPf;axmifaeol jzpfonf/ txufyg *kdPf;BuD; 6-*kdPf;wkdYonf wpf*kdPf;ESifh wpf*kdfPf; aygif;oif;jcif; rjyKMu/ rdrdwkdY *kdPf;tcsif;csif;om oHCmhuH jyKaeMuonf/ "r®apwDrif; eef;wufcsdeftxd xkdtwkdif;yif aqmif&Guf jyKusifhaeMuonf/ "r®apwDrif;onf omoemawmf xGef;um; jyefYyGm;a&;ukd txl;aqmif&Gufaeonf/ omoedu taqmufttkH rsm;pGmukd aqmufvkyfonf/ oHCmawmfwkdYtm; ypönf; av;yg;jzifh axmufyHh ylaZmfonf/

okdYaomfvnf;

oHCmwkdYrSm

*kdPf;tcsif;csif;

aygif;oif;jcif;

rjyKMuojzifh

pdwfauseyf[ef rwlay/ oHCmcsif; pnf;vkH;nDnGwfapcsifonf/ okdYaomfvnf; a&S;txufuyif uGJjym;vmcJhMuojzifh pnf;vkH;ay;&ef rvG,fvSacs/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

81

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) "r®apwDrif;onf xlaxmif&ef

oHCm*kdfPf;rsm;ukd qkH;jzwfvkdufonf/

pnf;½kH;&ef þudpöukd

rjzpfEkdifaomaMumifh

oD;jcm;

aqmif&GufEkdif&eftwGuf

omoemukd odrfoHo,

ukdtaMumif;jyonf/ "r®apwDrif;onf vuf&Sdodrfrsm;rSm oHo,jzpfzG,f &Sdonf[k qkdum &[ef;awmf rsm;ukd oD[kdVfokdY apvTwfí

odu©mopf

wifaponf/

jyefa&mufvQif

oD[kdVfjyef

q&mawmf

rsm;jzifh

uvsmPDodrfawmfBuD;ukd orkwfonf/ xkdodrfawmfBuD;ü yOöif;opf tajrmuftjrm;ukd cH,laponf/ tjcm; &[ef;awmfrsm;ukdvnf; odu©mopf wif,laponf/ "r®apwD rif;onf uvsmPDodrfxGuf &[ef;wkdYukd OD;pm;ay;onf/ tjcm;odrfrsm;rS &[ef;jyKolwkdYukd tav;rxm;awmhay/ "r®apwDrif;\ aqmif&Gufcsufonf atmifjrifonf[k qkd&ygrnf/ aemufykdif; wGif txufyg *kdPf; 6-*kdPf;rS

&[ef;wkdYvnf;

uvsmPDodrfawmfü

odu©mopfukd

wif,lMuonf/

yl;aygif;

nDnGwfoGm;Muonf/ "r®apwDacwf aemufykdif;wGif oHCm*kdPf;uGJrsm;vnf; arS;rSdefoGm;\/ aysmufuG,foGm;awmh\/ "r®apwDrif;\ *kdPf;aygif;pnf;a&; aqmif&GufcsufrSm csD;usL;zG,f aumif;vS\/ omoemawmf oefY&Sif;pifMu,fa&; "r®apwDrif;onf omoemawmf oefYpifa&;ukdvnf; tav;xm;í aqmif&Gufonf/ xkdacwfwGif omoemawmfESifh rtyfpyfaom tvkyfwkdYukd usifhaqmifaeolrsm; &Sdonf/ xkd&[ef;rsdK;ukd

Ekdifeif;pGm

omoemawmfa&;

wm;jrpfyg&ef

avQmufxm;csufrsm;rS

q&mawmfwkdYtm;

avQmufxm;cJh\/

atmufygtcsufwkdYukd

MunfhvQif

rif;BuD;\ xkdacwf\

roefYpifrIrsm;udk awGUMu&ygrnf/ - aq;ukaom trIukd jyKaom&[ef; ? - *Pef; (aA'if)twwf? vuform;twwf? qifpG,fyGwform; twwfukd jyKaom&[ef; ? - rif;ESifh rif;trwf tp&Sdaom olwkdY\ uav;oli,fwkdYukd csDykd;xdrf;,jcif;ukd jyKay;aom &[ef; ? udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

82

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) - OyÜgwoEdÅusrf;? edrdwfzwfusrf;? tdyfrufzwfusrf; zwfjcif;ukd jyKojzifh csrf;omqif;&Jukd a[majymaom &[ef; ? -

yef;csDaq;a&;trI?

yefykorm;trI?

yef;xdrform;trI?

bk&m;qif;wk

vkyfaom

yef;&eform;trIponfwkdYukd jyKí umr*kPf pnf;pdrfukd cHpm;ukefaom vlwkdYuJhokdY toufarG;aom &[ef; ? - 0gcif;? oav;cif;? aumufcif;? rka,mcif;? i½kwfcif; ponfwkdYokdY oGm;í &SnfpGmaom oDcsif;oHjzifh w&m;a[mvsuf 0g? aumufpyg;? oav;pyg;? rka,mpyg;? i½kwfoD;ponfukd &onf&Sdaomf ukefoG,fa&mif;csjcif;jyKaom &[ef; ? - ravsmfaom vlwkdYESifh a&maESmjcif;jzifh a&maESmaexkdifaom &[ef; ? xkdtvkH;pkHaom &[ef;wkdYonf ,kwfrmaom &[ef;wkdYwnf;/ xkd,kwfrmaom &[ef;wkdYtm; t&Sifbk&m;wkdYonf rdrdtxHü tNrJrjywf aepdrfhaomiSm tcGifh ray;Muapukefownf;/ "r®apwDrif;onf þokdYyif omoemawmfoefYpifa&;? t,ltjrif rSefuefa&;ukd OD;pm;ay;í aqmif&GufcJhaom rif;jzpfayonf/ t&nf;BuD;*kdPf; yk*Hacwf

aemufykdif;rS

pí

jrefrmjynfwpf0ef;wGif

*kdPf;BuD;

2-*kdPf;

xGef;um;cJhonf/

xkd*kdfPf;BuD;rsm;rSm ] t&nf;BuD;*kdPf; } ESifh ] yGJausmif;*kdPf; } wkdY jzpfonf/ ,ckazmfjyrnfh r[kwfay/

t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;rSm taemf&xm

rwkdifrDu

taemf&xmrwkdifrDu

ay:aygufcJhaom

t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;rSm

t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;

r[m,me*kdPf;rS

yJhyGm;vmaom

wEÅ&*kdPf;uGJwpfck jzpfonf/ xkd*kdPf;rSm taemf&xmrif;u wkdufzsufvkdufojzifh 11-&mpkuyif uG,faysmufoGm;cJhonf/ xkd*kdPf;ukd yxrt&nf;BuD;*kdPf;[k ac:Ekdifonf/ ,ck

azmfjyrnfh

*kdPf;jzpfonf/

t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;rSm xkd*kdPf;ukd

e&ywdpnfolrif;

omoem0if

vufxufrSpí

q&mpOfwkdYü

ay:aygufvmaom

xnfhoGif;xm;jcif;

r&Sday/

okawoeynm&SifwkdYu ausmufpmtukd;tum;jzifh &SmazGawGU&Sdxm;aom *kdPf;jzpfonf/ udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

83

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& )

t&nf;qkdonfrSm t&n[laom ygVda0g[m&ukd emrowfjyKí ac:qkdxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ jrefrmbmomjzifh ] awmausmiff;*kdPf; } [k t"dyÜm,f&onf/ awmausmif;*kdPf;0if

t&nf;BuD;wkdYonf

awmausmif;ü

aeMuaomfvnf;

w&m;bm0emukd

yGm;rsm;aeMuolrsm; r[kwfay/ olwkdYonf avmuDt,l0g'wkdYukd vkdufpm;Muonf/ wEÅ&*kdPf;\ vkyfaqmifcsufwkdYukd tarGcHí vkyfukdifMuonf/ 0dZÆmjzpfa&;? od'd¨aygufa&;qkdaom vkyfief;rsm;ukd jyKvkyfMuonf/ t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;0ifwkdYrSm trJtpm pm;jcif;? ao&nft&uf aomufokH;jcif;? nbufwGif trJao&nf ponf tvSLcHí okH;aqmifMuaMumif; ausmufpma[mif;rsm;ü awGUMu&onf/ xkd*kdPf;ukd wnfaxmifolrSm &Sifuóy jzpfonf/ &Sifuóyonf awmausmif; ü aeí wEÅ&*kdfPf; tvkyfukd wGifus,fatmif jzefYjzL;onf/ rdrdukd,fwkdifum; ax&0g'Ak'¨bmom &[ef;awmftjzpf cH,lxm;onf/ ax&0g'avmif;&dyfukd ckdvIHí avmuDwEÅ& tvkyfukd BudK;ukwf aqmif&Gufaeol jzpfonf/ xkd&Sifuóy\

tw¬KyÜwdåwGif

usm;ukdpD;í

c&D;oGm;jcif;?

rdausmif;ukdpD;í

yifv,fjyifukd

jzwfausmfjcif;paom tHhbeef;Zmwfvrf;rsm;jzifh tqef;wMu,f azmfjyMu\/ xkdyk*d¾KvfBuD;ukd wefckd;&Sif? od'd¨&Sif? r[d'd¨&SifBuD;tjzpf ÓPftm;csnfheJYolwkdYu ,kHMunfcJh Muavonf/ &Sifuóyonf tedrfhawmausmif;[kac:aom t&yfrS aeí *kdPf;BuD;yGGm;atmif csJUkjzefYcJhonf/ a&S;acwfu MuHwl (uefwl) [k ac:onf/ ,cktcg a&pBudK csif;wGif;jrpful; wHwm;BuD;\ ta&SUbufurf;

teD;ü

&Sdonf/

&Sifuóy\

awmausmif;wkdufa[mif;BuD;ukd

,aeYwkdif

awGUEkdifMuao;onf/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

84

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) xkdrax&fonf e&ywdpnfolrif; vufxufwGif yk*HjynfokdY a&muf&SdoGm;onf/ yk*HjynfolwkdYonf rax&fBuD;ukd MunfndKMu\/ wEÅ&qefaom vkyf&yfwkfdYukd oabmus ESpfjcdKufukefMuonf/ rif;rSL;rwf

tokdif;t0kdif;rS

yk*¾dKvfwkdYonf

rax&ftwGuf

yk*Hjynfü

ausmif;uefrsm;ukd

wnfaqmufvSL'gef;Muonf/ ajr,mrsm;pGmukd vSLK'gef;Muonf/ yk*HjynfolwkdYonf

t&nf;BuD;wkdY\

pdwf0ifpm;vmMuonf/

wefckd;£'d¨yg'f

vkyf&yfrsm;

jzpfaom

&&Sda&;?

a'0g

wEÅ&qefonfh a'0DwkdY\

tvkyfwkdYukd ulnDrI&&Sda&;ukd

arQmfvifhvmMuonf/ ]] ukd,fhtm;ukd,fukd; }} 0g'xuf ]] olrsm;tm; ukd,fukd; }} 0g'ukd cH,larQmfvifhaeMuonf/ at'D 13-&mpkwGif rGef*kdwkdYu usL;ausmfwkdfufckdufvmMuonf/ xkdtcsdefwGif tarQmfvGef0g'ESifh obm0vGef tm½kHwkdYukd ckHrifaeMuaom jrefrmwkdYrSm t½IH;ESifh &ifqkdifMu&onf/ ppf½IH;&jcif;rSm þtaMumif;onf

t"du

r[kwfaomfvnf;

taMumif;wpf&yftaejzifh

yg0ifaMumif;

rjiif;qkdEkdifMuay/ tdE´d,EkdifiHwGifvnf; þuJhokdY tarQmfvGef0g'aMumifh EkdifiHjcm;om;wkdY vuf atmufokdY vG,fulpGm usa&mufcJh&onf/ Ak'¨bmomvnf; uG,fycJh&onf r[kwfavm/ yk*Hacwf ukefvkeD;umvwGif awmausmif;*kdPf;BuD;onf txGwftxdyfokdY a&mufcJhonf/ &Sifuóy r&Sdonfh

aemufüvnf;

olUwynfhrsm;u

t&nf;*kdPf;

vkyfief;rsm;ukd

qufvuf

aqmif&GufcJhMuonf/ xkdtcsdefwGif rif;tqufquf orm;½kd;us omoemjyKcJhMuaom *gr0goD y&d,wdåoifMum;a&; *kdPfrsm;ukd

t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;avmuf

vlBudKufrsm;[ef

rwlawmhay/

tcdsKU

*gr0goD

q&mawmfwkdYonf þuJhokdY pdwful;,Ofvrf;aMumif;ukd vkdufaeMuvQif omoemawmfvnf; usqkH;rnf/ EkdifiHawmfvnf; epfemawmhrnf[k oabmaygufvmcJhMu onf/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

85

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) yif;,acwf a&mufaomtcg y&d,wdåomoemukd jzefYa0aeaom *gr0goD &[ef;awmfwkdYonf vufawGUusaom twwfynmrsm;ukd tajcjyKonfh ] yGJausmif;*kdPf;}ukd xlaxmifcJhMu\/ yGJausmif;*dkPf;BuD;

pnfa0wkd;wufvmaomtcg

tmenf;oGm;&onf/

15-&mpkavmufwGif

t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;rSm

t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;ac:

awmausmif;

wjznf;jznf; *kdPf;BuD;

aysmufuG,foGm;&onf[k orkdif;okawoDwkdY cefYrSef;Muonf/ t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;BuD; aysmufuG,foGm;aomfvnf; t&nf;BuD;wkdY\ vkyf&yfrsm;ukd qufvuf tarGcH usifhokH;aom ax&0g' trnfcH bkef;BuD;rsm;ukd qufvuf awGU&SdMu &ygonf/ Am;rJhq&mawmf? Am;warmhq&mawmf? i&eJq&mawmf paom yk*d¾KvfwkdYonf aemufacwfwGif t&nf;BuD;wkdY\ vkyf&yfrsm;ukd tarGcHí ausmfMum;cJhaom yk*d¾Kvfrsm; jzpfayonf/ t&nf;BuD;wkdY\

pdwåZa0'emtvkyfukd

oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;0ifwkdYrSm

acwftqufquf

BudK;ukwfaqmif&GufMuaom aysmufysuf&ef

rvG,fvSay/

ax&0g' vlom;wkdY\

tawG;vGeftm½kHESifh tarQmfvGef&r®uf xefjyif;rIukd tajccHí {uef &SdaevdrfhOD;rnf/ 20- &mpk ukefvkeD;jzpfaom ,aeYtxdvnf; jrefrmEkdifiH wpfeHwpfvsm;wGif uGufwduGufusm; ay:aygufvsuf wefckd;awmufaeMuqJwnf;/ yGJausmif;*kdPf; yGJausmif;*kdPf;\ jrpfzsm;cH&m A[kdXmeum; pum; 7-ausmif; jzpfonf/ Opöem rif;onf ouú&mZf 684-ckESpfwGif yif;,ü rif;jyK\/ Opöemrif;onf yif;usm;t&yfü pum;opfjzifh ausmif;BuD; 7aqmif

aqmufvkyfonf/

ouú&mZf

702-ckESpfwGif

ausmif;awmfBuD;rsm;ukd

yk*Hacwfu

xif&Sm;cJhaom *gr0goD*kdPf;rS rax&fwkdYtm; wifvSL cJhonf/ Opöemrif;onf rdrd\ ausmif;awmfBuD;rsm;ukd *gr0goD *kdPf;BuD; 2-ckrS rax&fwkYd tm; wifvSLcJhonf/ yk*Hacwfu *gr0goD oHCmwkdYrSm t&Sift&[HtEG,f yk&droHCm*kdPf; ESifh t&Sifqy'tEG,f ypämoHCm*kdPf;[k 2-*kdPf; uGJae\/ udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

86

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& )

Opöemrif;onf ausmif;awmfBuD;rsm;ukd *kdPf; 2-ckvkH;rS rax&fwkdYukd yl;wGJ wifvSLcJhonf/ *kdPf;tcsif;csif; aygif;oif; nDnGwfapcsifaomaMumifh jzpf[efwlygonf/ þqE´rsdK; &SdcJhygvQif Opöemrif;\ qE´ jynfh0onf[k qkd&ygrnf/ tb,fhaMumifhqkdaomf *gr0goD *kdPf;uGJrsm; aysmufuG,foGm;aomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ pum; 7-ausmif;ukd tvSLcH&aom oHCmwkdYonf yk*Hacwfu uGJjym;cJhaom *kdPf;*P pdwf"mwfukd acszsufí pnf;vkH;a&;pdwf"mwfukd arG;jrLcJhMuonf/ EkdifiHawmfa&SUa&;twGuf vufawGUusaom twwfynmrsm;ukd yl;wGJoifMum; ay;Muonf/ pum;ausmif;u oifMum;ay;aom avmuDtwwfynmrsm;rSm "m;ckwf? vSHxkd;? jrif;pD;? qifpD;? ppfqifrI? pufoGif;vSHxkd;? vufa0SUxkd;paom ynm&yfrsm; jzpfonf/ xkdacwfu jynfolwkdYonf avmuD avmukwå&m pG,fpkHynm&yfrsm;ukd oifMum;ay;aom *gr0goD ausmif;rsm;okdY uav;rsm;ukd tyfESHí twwfynmwkdYukd oifMum;apcJhMuonf/ xkdYaMumifh *gr0goD ausmif;rsm;onf uav; vlBuD; rsm;pGmwkdY 0ifxGufoGm;vm&m XmeBuD; jzpfvmonf/ þokdY vl0ifvlxGuf rsm;jym;vmrIukd taMumif;jyKí *gr0goD ausmif;rsm;ukd ] yGJausmif; } [lí ac:qkdvmMuonf/

aemufykdif;umvwGif

yGJausmif;rsm;

wkd;yGm;vm&m

yGJausmif;tzGJU0if

oHCmwkdYvnf; rsm;jym;vmonf/ xkdoHCmtiftm;pk BuD;xGm;vm&mrS ] yGJausmif;*kdPf; } [lí ac:wGifxif&Sm;vmavonf/ yGJausmif;*kdPf;BuD;

tiftm;BuD;xGm;vmonfhtavsmuf

yGJausmif;ukd

vSL'gef;Muaom

0w¬KuHajr,mrsm;vnf; tajrmuftjrm; jzpfvmonf/ yGJausmif;oHCmwkdYonf 0w¬KuH ajr,mwkdYukd ajrvkyfom; csxm;jcif;? tcGefb@m awmif;cHjcif;? aqmfMo&jcif;? pyg;rsm;ukd jcifwG,f,l&jcif;?

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

87

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) uRJEGm; &SmazGay;&jcif;? ol&if;iSm;wkdY t½IyftaxG;rsm;ukd ajz&Sif;ay;&jcif; paom wm0efwkdYukd aqmif&GufMu&onf/ yGJausmif;oHCmwkdYonf ajr,mrIpaom trIudpöwkdYukd ajz&Sif; aqmif&Gufae&ojzifh y&d,wf y#dywftvkyfwkdYukd

aumif;pGm

q&mawmfBuD;rsm;ukd,fwkdif

raqmif&GufEkdifMu/

tcsdKU

ajz&Sif;ay;Mu&onf/

trIudpörsm;rSm

oHCmhOD;aqmif

omoema&;qkdif&m

rIcif;rsm;ukd

bk&ifh½kH;awmfuvnf; 0ifa&muf pGufzufavh r&SdMuacs/ omoema&;qkdif&m

rIcif;rsm;ukd

oHCmawmfrsm;uom

ajz&Sif;qkH;jzwfae&onf/

tcsKdU

q&mawmfBuD;rsm;rSm omoema&; rIcif;rsm;wGif bk&ifozG,f tkyfcsKyf ajz&Sif;ae&aomaMumifh xkdtBuD;trSL; &[ef;wkdYukd ] oHC&mZm } (oHCmrif;)[k ac:qkdvmMuavonf/ jrefrmrif;wkdYonfvnf; i,fpOf uav;b0u yGJausmif;rsm;ü pmayukd oifMum;Mu&onf/ avmuDynmrsm;ukd qnf;yl;Mu&onf/ odkYjzpfí rif;jzpfaom tcgwGif rdrdwkdYq&m oHC&mZmwkdYukd ypönf;av;yg;wkdYjzifh vSL'gef; ylaZmfMuavonf/ ouú&mZf 726-ckwGif tif;0ukd wnfaxmif tkyfpkd;aom owkd;rif;zsm;onf ywl;BuD; oHC&mZmukd q&mjyKí ukd;uG,f qnf;uyfonf/ ouú&mZf 730-ckESpfwGif eef;wufaom rif;BuD;pGmapmfuJ vufxufwGif &ckdifq&mawmfukd oHC&mZmbGJU qufuyfí ylaZmfukd;uG,fonf/ ouú&mZf 763-ckESpfwGif eef;wufaom bk&ifrif;acgifBuD; vufxufwGif yGJausmif;*kdfPf; oHC&mZm q&mawmfwkdYukdyif ukd;uG,f qnf;uyfcJhonf/ jrefrmhorkdif;wGif xif&Sm;aom vufa0SYausmf atmifpnf;ckH oHC&mZmonf xkdrif;vufxufrSmyif ay:xGuf cJhayonf/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

88

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) yGJausmif;*kdPf;BuD;onf tm;enf;ovkd

acwftqufquf

jzpfvm&onf/

þokdY

wkd;wufvmcJhNyD;aemuf jzpf&onfrSm

anmif&rf;acwfaESmif;wGif

jrefrmjynfü

tjcm;*kdPf;opfrsm;

ay:aygufvmaomaMumifhvnf; wpfaMumif;yg0ifonf/ ukef;abmifacwf rjyKawmhay/

A'kHrif;vufxuf

aemufykdif;wGif

a&mufaomtcg

yGJausmif;*kdPf;ukd

yGJausmif;q&mawmfwkdYukd

rif;rdefYjzifh

wm;qD;ypfonf/

ukd;uG,fjcif; A'kHrif;onf

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89

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90

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91

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) xkdYaemuf *kdPf;aygif;pkH oHCmhtpnf;ta0;BuD;ukd urÇmat;ukef;ajr&Sd q|oH*g,em r[mygomP vkdPf*lawmfBuD;ü 1980-jynfhESpf? ouú&mZf 1342-ck? e,kefvwGif usif;yEkdifcJhavonf/ xkd*kdPf;aygif;pkH oHCmhtpnf;ta0;BuD;rSyif *kdPf;aygif;pkH oHCmrsm; yg0ifaom oHCem,utzGJU tqifhqifhukd zGJUpnf;í omoema&; wm0efukd aqmif&GufaeMuavonf/ bmom0ifOD;a& EIdif;,SOfcsuf jrefrmEkdifiHonf acwftqufqufü ax&0g' Ak'¨bmomukdom vufqifhurf; ukd;uG,fcJhMuonf/ vlOD;a& wkd;yGm;vmoavmuf Ak'¨bmom0if OD;a&vnf; wkd;rsm; vmcJhonf/ jrefrmrif;rsm; vufxufü &Sdaom Ak'¨bmom0if pm&if;ukd rawGU&aomfvnf; t*FvdyfwkdY tkyfcsKyfaom ukdvkdeDacwfwGifrl bmom0ifOD;a& pm&if;ukd wduspGm od&Sd&\/ ukdvkdeDacwftwGif; 1920-jynfhavmufu jrefrmEkdifiHwGif vlOD;a& 13-oef;cefYom &Sdao;onf/ xkdtcsdefu bmom0if toD;oD;wkfdY pm&if;ukd þokfdY awGTUod&onf/ ...bmom a,musfm;+rdef;r vlOD;a& Ak'¨bmom................. usm;.................. 5525159 ....../........................... r .................... 5676784 ewfukd;uG,fol......... usm;...................... 369188 ......./.......................... r.......................... 333399 [dE´Lbmom.............. usm;...................... 378177 ......./......................... r........................... 106255 yoDbmom............. usm;......................... 314527 ......./......................... r............................ 186085

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92

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) c&pf,mefbmom..... usm;......................... 132499 ......../........................ r............................. 124608 t&d,bmom.......... usm;................................. 190 ......../........................ r...................................... 80 A&mrkdqrwfbmom. usm;................................. 355 ........./....................... r....................................... 93 uGefzsL&Syfbmom.... usm; .............................. 9964 ........./ .................... r .................................. 4067 *sdef;bmom............. usm;................................. 866 ......../ ..................... r..................................... 269 &[l'Dbmom.......... usm;................................. 587 ..................................r..................................... 548 &Sifwkdbmom......... usm;.................................... 31 ......./ ..................... r....................................... 14 qpfbmom........... usm;............................... 3704 ....../ ..................... r................................... 1139 zm&qDbmom....... usm;................................. 229 ......../ .................... r.................................... 151

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93

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) oDtkdqkdzpfbmom. usm;................................... 40 ........./ .................. r....................................... 11 bmomrukd;uG,fwwfol ....... usm;.......... 21453 ........./ ..................................... r .............21640 xkdtcsdefu jrefrmEdkdifiHü vlOD;a&aygif; wpfq,fhokH;oef; wpfodef; ajcmufaomif; ukd;axmif ukd;q,fhukd;a,muf &Sdonf/ xkdvlOD;a&xJwGif&[ef;oHCmawmfaygif; 106429-yg;? oDv&Sifaygif; 47342-yg; &Sdavonf/ (EkdifiHa&; "r®uxdue,'DyeDrS) c&pfESpf 1986-ckESpf a&mufaomtcg jrefrmEkdifiHü vlOD;a& 33-oef; &Sdvmonf/ xkdtcsdefü Ak'¨bmom0if OD;a&rsm; wkd;wufvmcJhonf/ tjcm;bmom0ifrsm;vnf; wkd;wufvmonfukd awGU&ygonf/ Ak'¨bmom0if

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94

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( 'kwd,ykdif; ) tcef; (1) ax&0g'ü a&maESmvmaom ukd;uG,frIrsm; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif ewfukd;uG,fol OD;;a& okH;odef; ukd;aomif;ausmf &Sdonf[k aemuf qkH;pm&if;t& od&Sd&onf/ xkdvlOD;a&rSm Ak'¨bmom ra&mufEkdifao;aom awmifwef;a'orsm; wkdif;&if;om;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ tu,fí Ak'¨bmomESifhtwl ½kd;&mewfukdyg ukd;uG,folwkdY pm&if;ukd aumuf ,lrnfqkdvQif oef; 30-ausmfyif jyefí &&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ tb,fhaMumifhqkdaomf Ak'¨bmom ukd;uG,fol 90- &mEIef;rSm ½kd;&mewfwkdYukdvnf; vufrvTwfEkdifbJ ukd;uG,faeMuaomaMumifhaywnf;/ rSefygonf/

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95

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96

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97

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taemufajrmufa'oü tajccs aeMuonf/ xkdpOfu jrefrmwkdY\ emrnfukd ] csdtJef }

w½kwfjynf ( Chang )

[k

ac:onf/ csdtJefvlrsdK;wkdYonf taMumif;trsdK;rsfdK;aMumifh a&TUajymif;vmcJhMu&m jrefrmEkdifiH wGif;okdY at'D 5&mpkavmufwGif 0ifa&mufvmcJhMuavonf/ csdtJefwkdYonf jrefrmEkdifiH ajrjyefYa'ookdY ra&mufvmrDu ewfukd;uG,frI "avhrsm; &SdcJhonf[k orkdif;okawoDwkdYu qkdMu\/ csdtJefwkdY ukd;uG,faom ewfrsm;rSm tdrfaxmifpkewf? v,fewf? udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

98

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) awmif,mewf? awmewf? opfyifewfwkdY jzpfonf/ xkdYjyif oD;ESHzGHUNzKd;atmif jyKvkyfaom ewfrsm;ukd ,ZfylaZmfaom

tavhtxvnf;

&Sdonf[k

qkdygonf/

jrefrmwkdY

a&S;ODukd;uG,faom

ewfrsm;rSmvnf; ½kyfypönf;wkdYukd 0dnmOf&Sdonf[k xifí ukd;uG,fjcif;rsm;om jzpfygonf/ csdtJefwkdYonf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;okdY a&mufvmNyD;aemuf ] jrefrm } [laom trnfukd cH,lvkdufMu\/ jrefrmwkdYonf ajrjyefYa'owGif ysLvlrsdK;wkdYESifh aygif;oif;Mu&onf/ ysLwkdYxHrS ,Ofaus;trIrsm;ukd enf;,lMuonf/ xkdtcsdefü

ysKvlrsdK;wkdYonf

t"dutm;jzifh

ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomukd

ukd;uG,fMuaomfvnf;

[dE´LjAm[®Pbmom? r,m,mebmom? e*g;ukd;uG,frIpaom t,l0g' rsm;vnf; &Sdae\/ jrefrmwkdYonf ysLEkdifiHawmfukd vufajymif;í tkyfcsKyfMu&mwGif ysLvlrsdK;wkdY txHrS ukd;uG,f&m ,Ofaus;rIrsm;ukdvnf; cH,lcJhMuonf/ xkdtxJwGif ewfukd;uG,frIvnf; yg0ifvmcJhonf/ ysLwkdYxHrS vufqifhurf;

ukd;uG,fMuaom

ewfrsm;rSmvnf;

rsm;jym;vSonf/

xkdtxJwGif

odMum;ewfukd;uG,frIonf a&SUwef;u &Sdaeavonf/ odMum;ewf ukd;uG,frI odMum;ewf

ukd;uG,frIonf

tdEd´,EkdifiHwGif

txl;ta&;ygvSonf/

odMum;ewfukd

ouåwbmomjzifh ] £`E´ } [k ac:\/ ygVdbmomjzifh ] £E´ } [k ac:\/ okdYaomfvnf; ouú[laom a0g[m&jzifh tokH;rsm;onf/ ouúa0g[m&ukd jrefrmwkdYu ] odMum; } [k jyefqkfd ac:a0:cJhMuonf/ xkdodMum;ewfonff

a&S;a[mif;jAm[®Pusrf;rsm;üomru

Ak'¨pmayxJüvnf;

tcgrvyf

awGU&Sdae&aom ewfrif;BuD; jzpfonf/ xkdewf jzpfay:vmaom orkdif;aMumif;ukd avhvmaomtcg tm&d,efvlrsdK;wkdYu pwifukd;uG,fvmaMumif; awGU&Sd&onf/ odMum;rif; jzpfpOfum; þokdYwnf;/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

99

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) bDpD 2000-cefYwGif ta&SUbuf tm&Swkduf tv,fykdif;txd us,fjyefYaom jrufcif;a'orsm;wGif r,Ofr½kdif; vlrsdK;rsm; aexkdifcJhMuonf/ xkdvlrsdK;rsm;onf rl&if;a'orS t&yfav;rsufESmokdY c&D;qefYMu&m

tcsdKUu

taemufbuf?

tcsdKUu

awmifbuf?

tcsdKUu

ta&SUbufqDokdY

OD;wnfvmcJhMuonf/ ta&SUbufqDokdY

OD;wnfvmcJhMuaom

ckdifbmawmifMum;vrf;rS ]tm&d,ef }

( Aryan )

wpfqifh

vlrsdK;rsm;onf

jrif;&xm;rsm;jzifh

tdEd´,EkdifiH

taemufajrmufa'o&Sd

0ifa&mufvmMuonf/

xkdvlrsdK;rsm;ukd

vlrsdL;[k ac:onf/

tm&d,efvlrsdK;wkdYonf

tdE´Kjrpf0Srf;a'ookdY

a&muf&SdvmMuNyD;aemuf

a'ocHjzpfaom

'&mAD'D,efvlrsdK;wkdY\ ae&mrsm;ukd vk,ufwkdufckdufMuonf/ '&mAD'D,efwkdYonf tm&d,efwkdY\ wkdufckdufrIukd wkHYjyefwkdufckdufMuonf/ okdYaomfvnf; tm&d,efwkdYukd rwGef;vSefEkdifMu/ xkdYaMumifh tdE´Kjrpf0Srf;a'oukd

ypfcGmí

**Ffgjrpf0Srf;a'ookdY

ajymif;a&TUoGm;Mu&onf/

þwGif

tdE´Kjrpf0Srf;a'oukd tm&d,efwkdYu pdk;rkd; tkyfcsKyfcJhMuavonf/ tm&d,efwkdYonf tdE´Kjrpf0Srf; a'ookfdY ra&mufvmrDuyif ewfukd;uG,frIrsm; yg&SdvmcJhonf/ ,if;wkdY\ t"duukd;uG,f&mrSm £E´ac: odMum;ewf jzpfonf/ £E´ewfonf 0&Zdefvufeufac: rkd;BudK;vufeufukd ukdifaqmifol jzpfonf/ a&S;OD; tm&d,efvlrsdK;wkdYonf rkd;BudK;ypfjcif;ukd tvGefaMumuf&GHUovkd tvGefvnf; tHhMoMuonf/ rkd;BudK;ypfjcif;onf tvGefpGrf;&nf jyif;xefaom ewfBuD;\ wefckd;tmEkabmfaMumifh jzpfonf[k cH,lMuonf/ xkdYaMumifh rkd;BudK;vufeuf ykdif&SifBuD;ukd £`E´ (£E´) odMum;ewf[lí ac:a0:vsuf ukd;uG,fcJhMuonf/ tdE´Kjrpf0Srf;okdY

a&muf&Sdvmaomtcg

rkd;BudK;vufeufykdif&Sif

odMum;ewfBuD;onf

ewftm;vkH;wkdY\bk&if jzpfvmavonf/ tjcm;ewfrsm;xuf wefckd;£'d¨yg'fukd jr§ifhwifay;Muonf/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

100

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) odMum;jzpf&yf

tw¬KyÜwfwkdYukd

csJUrTrf;

a&;om;vmMu\/

ygVdtbd"mefESifh

#Dumusrf;wkdYü

odMum;ewf\ *kPfyk'fukd 37-yk'frQ xkwfjyxm;avonf/ aemiftcgü

tm&d,efwkdYonf

odMum;ewfukd

bmoma&;avmuxJokdY

oGwfoGif;NyD;vQif

t"duae&mü xm;&SdMuonf/ £E´ac: odMum;ewfonf tm&d,efvlrsdK;wkdY ukd;uG,faom ewfBuD; 33-yg;wkdYwGif tBuD;qkH;aom ewfBuD;tjzpf a&SUwef;ü xm;&SdMucJh Muavonf/ tdEd´,EkdifiHü ewfukd;uG,frI xGef;um;vmcsdefwGif vlwkdYonf rdrdwkdYukd,fukd ewf rsdK; ewfEG,fjzpfol? ewfukd;uG,foltjzpf *kPf,l ajymqkdvmMuonf/ ewfwkdYESifh aqGrdsK; pyfvmMuonf/ rdrdwkdYukd,fukd ewfuarG;zGm;vmol ] ewfom; } (a'0ykwå) [lí *kPf,l ajymqkdMuonf/ aemiftcgwGif tdEd´,EkdifiHü tkyfcsKyfrif;vkyfaom uedoQurif;onf ] a'0ykwå } (ewfom;) [laom bGJUukd cH,lcJhzl;avonf/ Ak'¨bk&m;\ omoemh0efxrf; &[ef;awmfwkdYukd ] bk&m;om;awmf } [k *kPf,lí ac:qkdcJhMuonf/ ewfukd;uG,folwkdYuvnf; rdrdukd,fukd ] ewfom; } [k ac:qkdMuonfrSm tqef;r[kwfawmhacs/ ewforkdif;xJrS

odMum;ewfrif;

ukd;uG,fMuaom

jzpfpOfukd

obm0ukd;uG,frIbmomrS

avhvm&mü

xkdewfonfvnf;

arG;xkwfxm;aom

orkdif;OD;

u

t,ltqjzpfaMumif;awGU&NyD/

odMum;ewfrSm vQyfppf"mwfaMumifh rkd;BudK;ypfwwfaom obm0ukd ewftjzpf ukd;uG,fcJhMujcif; jzpfayonf/ odMum;ewf

ukd;uG,frIonf

jrefrmEkdifiHokdY

oa&acwå&macwfuyif

ul;a&mufvmcJhonf/

ysLwkdYvufrS jrefrmrmwkdYu vufqifhurf; ukd;uG,fcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHü twGif; 37rif;ewfpm&if;üvnf;aumif;? tjyif 37-rif; ewfpm&if;üvnf;aumif; tjcm; ewf&mxl;ae&m tawmfrsm;rsm;üvnf;aumif; yg0ifaeaom ewfZmwfvkdufBuD; jzpfayonf/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

101

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) jrefrmha&S;OD;&mZ0ifwkdYukd

avhvmvQifvnf;

odMum;rif;ukd

ae&mcyfrsm;rsm;ü

awGU&onf/

oa&acwå&mjynf wnf&mwGifvnf; odMum;rif; ygonf/ ysLapmxD;rif; eef;wuf&mwGifvnf; odMum;rif;u vuf0Jvufukd rçí eef;wifonf[k qkdonf/ þae&mü odMum;rif;qkdonfrSm trwfwpfOD;u

odMum;rif;

t0wfwefqmwkdYukfd

0wfqifí

eef;wifjcif;jzpfaMumif;

&mZ0HoZmvdeDusrf;q&mu aumufcsufcsjyxm;&m obm0usaom &mZ0if[mowpfyk'f jzpfyg\/ ol&ówDewf ukd;uG,frI a&S;OD;tm&d,efwkdYonf tdEd´,taemufajrmufa'oukd pdk;rkd;aepOf ,Ofaus;rI tawG;tjrifopfrsm;ukd azmfxkwfMuonf/ bmoma&;\ tajccH jzpfvmrnfh ukd;uG,frIqkdif&m pmayrsm;ukd a&;om; jyKpkMuonf/ xkdpmayrsm;ukd aA'usrf;[lí ac:qkdMu\/ aA'usrf;rsm; ay:aygufcJh&m a'oum; *sr®em; (,rkem) jzpfESifh qwåvufjrpf tMum;&Sd q&qGwDjrpfnma'o

jzpfonf/

q&qGwDjrpfonf

a&S;OD;tm&d,efwkdYtwGuf

tudsK;&Sdaom

jrpfjzpf\/ tm&d,efwkdYonf acwfOD;"avht& rdrdwkdYtwGuf tusdK;jyKaeaom q&qGwDjrpfukdvnf; ukd;uG,f&mtjzpf owfrSwfcJhMuonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHom;wkdYonf {&m0wDjrpfukd rdrdwkdYtm; aus;Zl;jyKaeaomaMumifh ] trd{&m0wD } [k ac:ouJhokdY tm&d,efwkdYuvnf; rdrdwkdY\ jrpfukd ] trdq&qGwD } [k wifpm;í ac:qkfdcJhMuonf/ xkdrSwpfqifh ukd;uG,frI toGifajymif;vmaom tcgüvnf; q&qGwDonf ewfrdr,fwpfOD; jzpfvm&avonf/ [dE´LwkdYu

**Fgjrpfukd

twGwftjrwf

xm;MuouJhokdY

tm&d,efwkdYu

q&qGwDjrpf

ukd

tav;tjrwfxm;í ylaZmfMu\/ q&qGwD jrpfurf;ezl;ü ylaZmfyGJrsm; jyKvkyfí *gxm AE¨wkdYjzifh zGJUqkdylaZmfjcif;? aw;oDcsif;rsm; oDukH;&Gwfqkdjcif;? vkd&mqkukd awmif;jcif;paom tcrf;tem;rsm;ukd jyKvkyfMuonf/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

102

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) a0'acwf a&mufvQif q&qGwDewforD;ukd jrpfewforD;tjzpfom rubJ EIwfukd apmifhaom ewforD;? yD,0gpm pum;ukd ajymqkdwwfaom ewforD;tjzpf ,kHMunfvmMu jyefonf/ q&qGwDewforD; wefckd;BuD;vmojzifh ,if;ewfESifh ywfoufaom wefckd;ukd zGJUqkdonfh pmayrsm; tajrmuftjrm; &Sdvmonf/ wefckd;trsdK;rsdK;ukd jr§ifhwif zGJUqkdMuonf/ &d*fa0'usrf;ü q&qGwDewforD;onf ae v ork'´&mESifh avmuBuD;wpfckvkH;ukd apmifhMuyfol jzpfonf/

olUtm;

ukd;uG,folwkdYukd

qif;&Juif;atmif

jyKonf/

csrf;omoGm;atmif

apmifha&Smufonf/ ynm[lorQukd tpkd;&ol jzpfonf/ tylaZmfcHol ewfrsm;wGif tjrwfqkH; jzpfonf/ owå0g rSeforQukfd tNrJapmifhMuyfaeojzifh ewfwkdif;u av;pm;&ol jzpfonf[k qkd\/ q&qGwDewforD;

ukd;uG,frIonf

aemiftcgwGif

[dE´LbmomwGif;okdY

0ifa&mufvmonf/

[dE´LwkdY\ vufxJokdY a&mufvmaomtcg wefckd;opfrsm;ukd zefwD;ay;Mujyefonf/ ewforD;onf EIwfxGufpum;ukdomrubJ twwfynmtm;vkH;ukd apmifhMuyfaom ewforD;? wl&d,m? uAsmESifh pmayynmukd tpkd;&ol? ouúwbmomukd wDxGifol ewforD; [lí ,kHMunfvmMujyefonf/ ,kHMunfrI wkd;rsm;vmoavmuf ukd;uG,folwkdYvnf; rsm;jym;vmonf/ ½kyfwk ½kyfyGm;rsm; xkvkyfukd;uG,fvQif vkd&mod'd¨ NyD;ajrmufrnf[k txif&Sdí ½kyfwkrsm; xkyfvkyfí ukd;uG,fcJhMuavonf/ q&qGwDukd;uG,frIonf

aemiftcgwGif

Ak'¨bmom

twGif;okdYvnf;

a&muf&Sdvmonf/

Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdYu ygVdbmomjzifh ] ol&ówD } [k ac:Muonf/ Ak'¨bmom xJokdY ol&ówDukd;uG,frI a0'ea&muf&Sdvmaomtcgü ol&ówDa'0Dr,fonf yd#uwf 3-ykHukd apmifha&Smufaom ewforD;[lí wefckd;opfwpfrsdK;ukd wkd;í zefwD;ay; Mujyefonf/ xkdYaMumifh

ewf½kyfykHukd

xkvkyfMu&mwGif

vufxJü

yd#uwfpmtkyfrsm;ukd

ukdifaqmifí

xkvkyfMuonf/ udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

103

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& )

ol&ówDonf a0'acwfrS [dE´Lacwf? Ak'¨bmomacwftxd wefckd;BuD;aom? *kPfBuD;aom ewfrdr,fwpfOD;

jzpfaeonf/

avmuü

*kPfBuD;olwkdYESifh

aqGrsdK;awmfpyf&vQif

*kPf,lí

ajymMuouJhokdY *kPfBuD;aom ol&ówDESifh aqGrsdK;pyfí *kPf,lcJhMuaom pmayrsm;vnf; ay:aygufvmonf/ ol&ówDESifh aqGrsdK;pyfaom ykHjyifZmwfvrf;wkdYukd wDxGifa&;om;Muonf/ ol&ówDr,fawmfonf r[mrked&aohBuD;ESifh ork'´ewfrdzk&m;wkdYu arG;zGm;xm; aMumif;? yxrwGif ork'´&müaeNyD;

aemufykdif;wGif

ork'´&mrSwpfqifh

[dr0EÅmawmifxGwfwpfckjzpfonfh

auvmoawmifokdY [oFm,mOfukd pD;í ajymif;a&TUoGm;aMumif;? [oFm,mOf pD;oGm;pOf olUukd,frS usvmaom a&puf a&aygufrsm;rSm jrpfwpfjrpf jzpfoGm;aMumif;? xkdjrpfukd ol&ówDjrpf[k ac:aMumif;? a&;om;jyMuonf/ þZmwfvrf;rSm ] &aohwkdYvuf&m ykHjyifpm } [k qkdEkdifonf/ &aohwkdYonf ol&ówDukd arG;xkwfcJhaom zciftjzpf aqGrsdK;pyfxm;cJhonf/ jAm[®Pyl&mPfusrf;wGifrl jA[®mBuD;onf rdrdukd,frS pifMu,faom aoG;jzifh trsKd;orD;wpfOD;ukd zefqif;cJhonf/ xkdtrsdK;orD;rSm ol&ówDyif jzpfonf/ ol&ówDonf tpykdif;u jA[®mBuD;\ orD;jzpfaomfvnf; aemufykdif;wGif jA[®mBuD;uyif jyefvnfodrf;ykdufvkdufaomaMumifh jA[®mhZeD; jzpfoGm;jyefonf/ [dE´LwkdYonf ol&ówDukd enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh aqGtrsdK;pyfum *kPf,l0ifh
udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

104

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) jrefrmEkdifiHom;wkdYonfvnf; ol&ówDukd;uG,frIukd [dE´LwkdY ,kHMunfonfhtwkdif;yif rdwåLul;í vufcH ,kHMunfMuonf/ ykHawmf ykH½kyfrsm; xkvkyf ½kdufESdyfí ukd;uG,fMuonf/ *kPfyk'f*gxm tjzmjzmwkdYjzifh &GwfyGm;ylaZmfMuonf/ ol&ówDukd jrefrmEkdifiHom;wkdYu twGif; 37-rif;ac: ewfpm&if;ü xnfhoGif;xm;Muonf/ jrpfwpfjrpf\

emrnfukd

ewftoGif

,kHrSwfí

qnf;uyfukd;uG,fvmMu&mrS

xifay:ausmfMum;vmaom ol&ówDewforD;\ ½kyfykHvTmrsm;onf jrefrmjynf&Sd tcsdKUtdrfrsm;ü wefckd;xGm;um 0ihf
( Kwan Yin )

r[m,me*kdPf;BuD;rS

ukd *syefbmomjzifh crfEGef[k ac:onf/ uGrf,ifr,fawmf qkdaom ewfonf t"duxm;í

ukd;uG,faom

t0avmudawo&

bk&m;avmif;rS

qifhyGm;,lxm;aom ewfjzpfonf/ t0avmudawo&onf rlvu yk&dovdifjzpfaom ewfwpfyg; jzpfonf/ at'D 8-&mpk aemufykdif;a&mufrS £wd¬vdiftoGif ajymif;í ukd;uG,fcJhMujcif; jzpfonf[k tcsdKUu qkd\/ uGrf,ifr,fawmf jzpfay:vmykHukd trsdK;rsdK; a&;om; ajymqkdMuonf/ r[m,me *kdPf;om;wkdYonf [dE´LwEÅ&*kdPf;ukd twk,lí r[m,mewEÅ&*kdPf;ukd xlaxmifMuonf/ [dE´LwEÅ&*kdPf;wGif a'0Dewfr,f

toG,foG,fukd

zefwD;xm;ouJhokdY

r[m,mewEÅ&*kdPf;uvnf;

a'0DewfyGm;

tpm;pm;ukd zefwD;Muonf/ r[m,merS

t0avmudawo&

bk&m;avmif;ukdvnf;

Muif&mawmftjzpf

ynmyg&rdwmewfr,m;ukd arG;zGm;ay;vkdufonf/ þewforD;rSm bkef;BuD;rsm;om ukd;uG,fcGifh udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

105

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) &Muonf/ xkdYaMumifh omrefvl0wfaMumifrsm; ukd;uG,f&ef r[mpdewm&ma'0D ewforD;ukd wDxGifay;Mu&jyefonf/ t0avmudawo&\

xkdpdewm&mewforD;ukd rsuf&nfrSjzpfaom

xkdpdewm&ma'0DewforD;ukdyif

MumyGifhrS

uGrf,ifr,fawmftjzpf

w&kwfvkd

uGrf,if[kac:aom

zGm;jrifcJhonf[kvnf; xkvkyf

tqkd&Sdonf/

ukd;uG,fcJhMuonf[kvnf;

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106

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107

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108

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109

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) tcsdKUu ol&ówD? p@D? y&rdoGm? r[mydEJé? aCm&rEÅewfwkdYukd aumuf,l Muonf/ tcsdKUu y&rdoGm? r[mydEJé? AdóEkd;? p@D? ol&ówDewfwkdYukd aumuf,lMuonf/ ,ckacwf ukd;qlq&mwkdYurl ol&ówD? p@D? y&rdoGm? r[mydEJé? aCm&rEÅewf wkdYukd twnfjyKí ylaZmfaeMuonf/ xkdewfBuD; 5-yg; qkdolwkdY\ orkdif;jzpfpOfukd avhvmvQifvnf; [dE´Lbmomü yg0ifaeaom ewfrsm; jzpfonfukd awGU&\/ Ak'¨bmomESifh rnfokdYrQ qufEG,frI r&Sdacs/ ewfukd;uG,folwkdY avmuü a'0D 5-yg;? a'0D 12-yg;? a'0D 21-yg;[lí ewfrsm;ukd tkyfpkzGJUí ukd;uG,frIrsm;vnf; &Sdonf/ xkdtxJwGif a'0D21-yg;ac: ewfrdr,ftkyfpkonf *kdPf;avmuü wGifus,fae\/ ,if; 21-OD;ukd *dkPf;orm;wkdYu 3-tkyfpk cGJjcm; xm;ygonf/ tkyfpk (1)wGif ol&ówDa'0D? pE´ma'0D? pED´a'0D? paE´a'0D? pE´ma'0D? rdEé&ma'0D? r[ma'0D[lí 7-OD;? tkyfpk (2)wGif ol&ówDa'0D? olZmr,f? yef;jrwfr,f? oZifr,f? Zmwdr,f? rPdarcvmr,f? £&EéoDr,f[lí 7-OD; ? tkyfpk (3)wGif raem[&dr,f? £&EéoDa'0D? em*&Da'0D? udEé&ma'0D? ol&ówDa'0D? r[dE´&ma'0D? yd,ma'0D [lí 7-OD; yg0ifonf/ xkd 3-tkyfpkxJwGif ol&ówDonf tkyfpk 3-ckvkH;ü yg0ifaeonf/ tjcm; ewfr,fwkdYvnf; xyfwl ygaeMu\/ ,if;ewfrdr,fwkdY\ emrnfrsm;ukd avhvmMunfhvQif Ak'¨bmom? [dE´Lbmom? jrefrmbmom emrnfrsm;ukd awGY&onf/ tcsdKU ygVdemrnfrsm;vnf; rjzpfEkdifaom emrnfrsm; jzpfonf/

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

110

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) xkdewfrdr,f tkyfpkrSm cyfnHhnHh *kdPf;orm;wkdYu Mum;zl;em;0&Sdaom emrnfwkdYukd aygif;pk ukd;uG,fcJhMuaom A½kyf½IyfaxG; ewftkyfpkwpfck jzpfavonf/ xkd 21-OD;a'0D aumfrwDukd ylaZmfukd;uG,fvQif vmbfaygjcif;? pnf;pdfrfOpöm wnfwHhjcif;? MoZmtmPm &Sdjcif;? &mxl;wkd;wufjcif;? a>c&Hoif;yif; aygjcif;? tMum;tjrif &jcif;? taMumif;udpö &SdvQif tultnD&jcif;paom tusdK;xl;w&m;rsm;ukd &&SdapEkdifonf[l í vljydef;BudKuf rufvkH;jzifh pnf;½kH;xm;Muavonf/ jynfwGif;jzpfewfrsm; ukd;uG,frI jrefrmwkdYonf tdEd´,EkdifiHjzpf ewfrsm;ukd ul;,lukd;uG,fcJhMuouJhokdY rdrdwkdY jynfwGif;üvnf; ewfopfrsm;ukd arG;xkwfí ukd;uG,fcJhMuygonf/ r[m*d&dac: tdrfwGif;ewfESifh taygif;yg 7-OD; ewftkyfpkonf jrefrmwkdY a&S;OD;wDxGif ukd;uG,fcJhaom ewfrsm;jzpfayonf/ jrefrmwkdYonf yk*HacwfwGif ewfopfrsm;ukd qufvufazmfxkwfcJh&m yk*Hacwf ukefcsdefü ewfOD;a& 22-OD;rQ &Sdvmonf/ xkdYaemufvnf; ewfopfrsm;ukd qufvuf azmfxkwfcJh&m yif;,acwfwGif 1-OD;? tif;0acwfwGif 9-OD;? awmifilacwfwGif 5-OD; arG;xkwfcJhMuonf/ ewfaygif; 37-OD;rQ &Sdvmonf/ ,if;ewfwkdYukd jrefrmwkdYu ] tjyif 37- rif; } [k ac:Muonf/ awmifilacwf aemufykdif;wGif ewfwDxGifrIrsm; wdrfjrKyfoGm;\/ ewfq&mwkdYuvnf; ewfOD;a&ukd 37-OD;xuf ykdapcsif[ef rwlay/ xkdYaMumifh awmifilacwfukefwGif ewfrSwfykHwifvkyfief;ukd ydwfxm;vkdufMuonf/ tjyif 37-rif;ac: ewfpm&if;wGif odMum;ewfrS vGJvQif tm;vkH;rSm jynfwGif;jzpf ewfrsm;om jzpfonf/

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

111

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) jrefrmjynfjzpf

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112

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& )

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113

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) em;vnftyfayonf/ urÇmwpfcGifwGif a&S;a[mif;orkdif;pOfukd avhvm&müvnf; xkdoabmukd awGUodvm&rnf jzpfonf/ bDpD 5000-cefYrS pí ewfukd;uG,frI orkdif;ukd pwifcJh&m ,aeYtxd ewftajrmuftjrm; ay:xGufcJhNyD/ tjcm; EkdifiHrsm;ukd xm;bdOD;/ tdEd´,EkdifiH wpfckwnf;rSmyif ewfaygif; 33uka#ausmfrQ arG;xkwf ylaZmfcJhMuonf/ vlom;wkdY\ pdwful;ÓPfrsm;oavmuf ewfrsm;vnf; aygufyGm;cJh\/ xkdewfrsm;onf vlwkdYu ,kHMunfukd;uG,f aecsdefüom wnfwHhaecJhonf/ vlwkdY r,kHMunf rukd;uG,fawmhvQif ewfrsm;vnf; aysmufuG,fukefMu&onf/ xkdYaMumifh ewfqkdonfrSm vlwkdYu zefqif;xm;aom t&mrsm; jzpfonf[k qkdvQifvnf; vGeftHhrxif/ vlwkdYu zefqif;xm;aom ewfwkdYonf vlukdyif wnfrSDae&\/ xkdYaMumifhyif ewfwkdYtm; vlwkdYu r p ae&jcif; jzpfonf[k qkdcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/ ewfwkdYonf vlwkdYtm; 'ku©a&mufatmif vkyfEkdifonf[k ,kHMunfaomaMumifh ukd;uG,folwkdYvnf; &Sdonf/

yoolwkdYvnf;

&Sdonf/

þ,kHMunfrIrSmvnf;

vlwkdYuyif

zefqif;ay;xm;aom?

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vlom;wkdYtm;

okcyGm;ap&ef

twGufvnf;

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

114

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) jrefrmEkdfifiHwGif bkd;awmftjzpfjzifh emrnfBuD;oGm;olrsm;vnf; &Sdonf/ bkd;bkd;atmif? bkd;rif;acgif? &SiftZÆa*gP? Am;rJhbkef;BuD;? &ufuef;pifawmif paom yk*d¾KvfwkdY jzpfonf/ ,aeYacwfwGifvnf; jrefrmEkdfifiHü bkd;awmfESifh bkd;awmfjzpfatmif vkyfaeaom *kdPf;q&mrsm; qufvuf

ay:aygufaeonf/

bkd;awmfftrnfrcHaomfvnf;

rdrdukd,fukd

bkd;awmftrnfcHolvnf;

bkd;awmftvkyfjzpfaom

*kdPf;vkyfief;ukd

&Sdonf/ q&mwpfql

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bkd;awmftcsdKUwkdYonf

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vkyfief;BuD;ozG,f

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a
aemufvkduf

EkdifiHwkefatmif aemufygwkdYvnf;

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115

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) ponfjzifh trsdK;tpm; pkHvSayonf/ *kdPf;vkyfief;ukd ,kHMunfolwkdYonf *kdPf;q&mBuD;\ Mo0g'ukd wpfoa0rwdrf; vkdufemMuonf/ ajymorQukd em;axmifonf/ ckdif;orQukd vkyfaqmifonf/ þokdY vkdufemojzifh od'd¨wefckd; trsdK;rsdK;wkdY a0NzdK;wkd;wufvmrnf[k,HkBunfonf/ xkdolwkdYonf

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tpGrf;xufaom

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&&Sdvmaom

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116

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) NyD;onfqkdaom

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

117

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) xkvkyfukd;uG,fvmMuonf[k qkH;jzwfxm;Mu\/ xkdtqkdESpf&yfwGif orkdif;okawoe ynm&SifwkdY\ tqkdonf vufcHEkdifp&m &Sdygonf/ at'D 1-&mpk rwkdifrDu ½kyfyGm;awmf ray:ao;/ Ak'¨\ txdrf;trSwftjzpf pMum? aAm"dyif? a&Tyv’if? ajcawmf&m? Mumyef;ykHwkdYukd xkvkyfukd;uG,fcJhMuonf/ Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfrsm; pwifxkvkyf&m a'orSm ukoQefrif;quf xGef;um;&m *E¨m&ESihf rxk&ma'owkdY jzpfonf/ rlvu rxk&mynm&SifwkdYonf *sdef;t,l0g'qkdif&m &[ef;awmfrsm;\ ur®|mef; pD;jzef;aeykkH ½kyfwkrsm;ukd xkvkyfMuonf/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdYuvnf; xkdykHrsm;ukd twk,lum Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;ukd xkvkyfcJhMujcif; jzpfayonf/ ax&0g'*kdfPf;0ifwkdYu Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;ukd xkyfvkyfouJhokdY r[m,me Ak'¨ bmom0ifwkdYuvnf; rdrdwkdY ukd;uG,faom aAm"dowåac: bk&m;avmif; ½kyfwkrsm;ukd xkvkyfylaZmfMuonf/ r[m,mewkdY xkvkyfukd;uG,faom

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tavmif;awmf

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tqifwefqmrsm;jzifh

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

118

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) xkvkyfMuaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh rif;0wftqifwefqm ½kyfyGm;rsm;ukd qif,ifrI trsdK;rsdK;jzifh awGUjrifaeMu&avonf/ Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfwkdYum; b,facwfwGifrqkd ykHoP²mefukd jyKjyifí r&/ ouFef;½kH? ouFef;wifjzifhom xkvkyfMu&onf/ vlwkdYtwGuf pdwfcHpm;rIukd tajymif;tvJ rjzpfapEkdifay/ aAm"dowf ewfykHrsm;um; toGifqef;rsdK;pkH xkvkyfykH toD;oD;aMumifh cHpm;rI tajymif;tvJukd jzpfap\/ þcHpm;rIukd vkdvm;aomaMumifh ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom0if wkdYonf rukd#f? pvG,fpaom rif;0wftqifwefqm ½kyfyGm;wkdYukd xkvkyfcJhjcif; jzpfEkdifayonf/ ,aeY jrefrmEkdifiHawmfwGif tcsdKUu Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;ukd rif;0wftqifwefqmrsm;jzifh xkvkyf ukd;uG,faeMuonf/ tjrifqef;? toGifqef; tqifwefqmwkdYjzifh jc,fvS,f xkvkyfMuonf/ þ½kyfyGm;ykHpHukd ] ZrÁLywdcRwfcef; } [k tac:rsm;Muonf/ ZrÁLywdcRwfcef; Zmwfvrf;ukd taMumif;jyKí jzpfay:vmonf[k qkd\/ ZrÁLywdcRwfcef; Zmwfvrf;jzpfpOfukd avhvmaomtcg ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfvm ckdifrmaom Zmwfvrf;r[kwfay/ ukef;abmifacwf 'DyJ,if;q&mawmf a&;om;aom wxm*wO'ge'DyeDusrf;ü xnfhoGif; a&;om;xm;aom Zmwfvrf;jzpfonf/ xkdYxufapmaom umvu þZmwfvrf; r&Sday/ rif;0wfwefqmjzifh xkvkyfaom ½kyfyGm;rsm;rSm xkdYxufapmaom umvuyif &SdaecJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh ZrÁLywdcRwfcef;ukd taMumif;jycsufrSmvnf; rckdifvkHawmhacs/ tcsdKUuvnf;

jrwfpGmbk&m;onf

Ak'¨&mZmw&m;rif;

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119

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& )

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rif;0wf½kyfyGm;rsm;rSm

ax&0g'

Ak'¨bmomESifh

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

120

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) 'ud©PomcgESifh tjcm;½kyfyGm; ukd;uG,frI jrefrmjynfü 'ud©Pomcg ½kyfyGm;awmf ukd;uG,frIvnf; acwfpm;vSonf/ þ½kyfyGm;awmfESifh ywfoufívnf; jzpf&yfZmwfvrf;rsm; axG;,Sufaeonf/ 'ud©PomcgqkdonfrSm jrefrmbmjzifh ] awmiftukdif; } [lí t"dyÜm,f &onf/ bDpD 3-&mpkwGif &Sifr[dE´ESifh oCFrdwåm ax&Dr,fwkdYonf oD[kdVfokdY omoemjyK
xkdaAm"dyifrS

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121

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122

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123

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& )

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124

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) ½Sif 4yg; }} [líac:qdkxm;Buonf/ xdkrax&f 8 yg;wdkYrSm taoxGuf yk*¾dKvfESifY t½SifxGuf yk*¾dKvfrsm; [lívnf; vufcHxm;BuNyefonf/ ½Sif av;yg;pm&if;ü atmufygrax&fwdkY yg0ifonf/ (1) ½SifOy*kwfonf awmifork'´&mü aBu;Nymó'f NzifYaeonf/ (2) ½Sifacr&ax&fonf taemuf ork'´&mü aBu;Nymó'f NzifYaeonf/ (3) ½Sifb'´rax&fonf aNrmufork'´&mü a½TNymó'f NzifYaeonf/ (4) ½Siftauúmom&rax&fonf ta½SUork'´&mü a½TNymó'f NzifYaeonf/ rax&f 4 yg;udk ae&m 4 rsKd;cGJwrf;csxm;&m NrefrmNynfom;wdkY twGuf ½SifOy*kwfomvQif ylaZmfcGifY &EkdifBu\/ awmift&yfüom ork'´&m½SdaomaBumifY ½SifOy*kwfomvQif NrefrmNynfom;wdkYtwGuf wmpm;aom udk,fawmfNzpfae\/ ao av;yg;pm&if;ü atmufygrax&fwdkY yg0ifonf/ (1) ½Sifr[muóy onf a0bm&awmif ausmufNzmxufü½Sdonf/ (2) ½Sifr[moHom& onf Owårawmifü½Sdonf/ (3) ½SifOayu© onf rukvawmifü½Sdonf/ (4) ½Sif"r®om& onf rukvawmifü½Sdonf/ NrefrmEkdifiHrS yk*¾dKvfwdkYonf ½Sifr[muóy taoxGuf½Sd&m tavmif;awmf uóyudk tav;xm;í oGm;a&mufavY½SdBuonf/ ½Sifr[muóy

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125

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) trSefrl

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126

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) tcef; (2) ax&0g'ü a&maESmaom ,kHMunfrIrsm; jrefrmEkdfifiHonf ax&0g' Ak'¨bmomw&m;awmfukd vufcH,HkMunfaeaom EkdifiH jzpfonf/ ax&0g' w&m;awmfonf vlom;wkdYtwGuf &oifh &xkdufaom vufawGUa'oemwkdYukd azmfjyonf/ rjzpfEkdifaom?

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127

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) *E¨m&Dtwwf ,kHMunfrI tdEd´,uvmaom

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128

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) (8) um,od'd¨ = "m; vSH aoewf rxdEkdifjcif; ? (9) yd,od'd¨ = owå0gtm;vkH;wkdYu cspfcifjcif; ? (10) £'d¨od'd¨ = wefckd;jzifh trsdK;rsdK; zefqif;Ekdifjcif; ? azmfjyyg od'd¨qkdonfrsm;rSm vlom;wkdYtwGuf xljcm;vSaom rufvkH;rsm;jzpf&m 0dZÆmb0 &&Sda&;ukd &r®ufBuD;pGm arQmfvifhMuukef\/ arQmfvifhonfhtwkdif; 0dZÆmjzpfa&; vrf;pOfukd &SmazGusifhokH;Muonf/ 0dZÆmjzpfa&;vrf;;pOfukd ,if;wkdY\ pmayrsm;ü awGY&Sd&\/ 0dZÆmjzpfolwkdYrSm atmufyg 4-rsdK;ukd usifhokH;í &&SdMuonfqkd\/ (1) jy'g;0dZÆm = jy'g;&SifvkH;jzifh pD&ifol ? (2) aq;0dZÆm = aq;jzifh od'd¨NyD;ol ? (3) oH0dZÆm = oHaovkH;jzifh pD&ifol ? (4) tif;0dZÆm = tif; rEÅefponfjzifh od'd¨NyD;ol ? azmfjyyg 4-rsdK;ukd 0dZÆm 4-rsdK;[k ac:Muonf/ 0dZÆmukd jrefrmwkdYu aZmf*sD[kvnf; ac:\/ aZmf*sD\ rlvyk'frSm a,m*Djzpfonf/ a,m*Dukd a*sm*sD? aZmf*sD[lí ajymif; vJac:qkdvmMuonf/ aZmf*sDonf jrefrmEkdifiHom;wkdYESifh &if;ESD;aeaom yk*d¾Kvfjzpfonf/ eDndKa&mif txnfpukd yefcsmyD ukvm;0wfpkHoP²mef csKyfí 0wfqifNyD;vQif aq;awmifa0S;ac: wkwfacsmif;ukd ukdifaqmifxm;onfh aZmf*sDykHrsm;ukd

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137

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138

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139

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140

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141

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142

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143

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144

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145

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146

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) od'd¨wifonfqkdaom *gxmrEÅefwkdYrSmvnf; ouúw? ygVd? jrefrmbmomwkdYjzifh oDukH;xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ *gxmrEÅefwkdYrSm rdrdwkdY vkdtifqE´ukd awmif;qkdxm;aom pmrsm;om jzpfonf/ ykHpHtm;jzifh atmufygtwkdif; jzpfonf/ ]] r[d'd¨um ab;&efumí urÇmrysuf tm,kqufí toufuyfvkH; wnfapaomf /}} ]] cJzG,fabmZOf csdKcsOfup rGwfodyfvSaomf awmifhwcsufcsif; a&mufapaomf/}} ]] ta&;&SdvQif t&dyfqm,m ewfwumESifh 0dZÆmtaygif; rapaomf /}} ]] Akdvfvlrsm;pGm &efjyKvmvQif 0dZÆmAv ewfupí od'd¨qkdif&m ewfrsm;pGmu nDnmjzjz 0kdif;tkHMuí r p jyKjyif igh½kyfoGif rxifcsufcsif; aysmufapaomf / }} þokdYaom rEÅefpmjzifh od'd¨wifMujcif;om jzpfayonf/ ,aeYacwfwGif

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147

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) vlwkdYonf b0ESifh b0cHpm;rItwGuf tmom&r®ufjyif;pGm vkyfukdifaeMuonf/ tmom&r®uftwGuf ukd;uG,f&mukd &SmazGqnf;uyfaeMuonf/ ,kHMunfp&mukd &SmazG vufcHaeMuonf/ ,kwdå&Sd r&Sdukd todÓPfjzifh tjrifrSef r&EkdifcJhMuay/ þuJhokdY ,kwdårJh ukd;uG,frIESifh ,kHMunfrIrsm;ukd ax&0g'u jiif;y,fxm;\/ ax&0g'tjrifESifh qefYusifonfh þ,kwdårJh tawG;tjrifwkdYukd ax&0g' Ak'¨a'oemawmfvm pum;&yfwkdYjzifh ,SOfuyfí okH;oyfMuygOD;pkdY/

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148

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) tcef; (3) ax&0g'ESifh jyify,kHMunfukd;uG,frI tavmif;awmf od'¨w¬rif;om;onf rZÑdry#dy'gvrf;pOfukd usifhokH;vsuf w&m;rSefukd &SmazGcJh&m r[mouú&mZf 103-ck? uqkefvjynfh? Ak'¨[l;aeYwGif opömav;yg;ukd odjrifí bk&m;tjzpfokdY a&muf&SdcJhonf/ Ak'¨tjzpfokdY a&muf&SdNyD;aemuf vlom;wkdY\ b0ukd okH;oyfMunfh½IcJhonf/ xkdtcg vlom;xkBuD;\ rSm;,Gif;aom vlaerIb0"avhBuD;ukd awGUjrifvm&onf/ rdrd\ ywf0ef; usif&Sd vlwkdY\ ukd;uG,faerIrsm;? ,kHMunfaerIrsm;rSm rdrd jrifodaom w&m;"r®ESifh jcm;em;vSayonf/ Ak'¨bk&m; yGifhxGef;vmcsdefwGif tdEd´,EkdifiH rZÑdra'oü pdwftawG;ukd tajccHaom 0g'rsm; xGef;um;aeavNyD/ bDpD 3000-cefYu xlaxmifvmcJhaom '&mAD'D,efwkdY\ ukd;uG,f,HkMunfrI "avhrsm;? bDpD 2000-cefYrS pí xlaxmifvmcJhaom tm&d,efwkdY\ ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI "avhrsm;rSm tdEd´,wpfcGifü wGifus,faeNyD/ ,if;tiftm;pkBuD;u BuD; pkd;aecJhNyD/ Ak'¨bk&m;&Sifonf vlwkdY\ ,kHMunfukd;uG,frI "avhrsm;ukd okH;oyfvsuf ]] avmu BuD;[m ysufpD;aeyguvm;?}}[k

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udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

149

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) jyifyukd;uG,frI awmfvSefa&; Ak'¨bk&m; yGifhay:vmcsdefwGif tdEd´,a'oü a'oü a&SUwef;a&mufaeaom 0g'rSm twå0g' jzpfonf/ [dE´L jAm[®P0g't& twåw&m;rSm jA[®mBuD;u zefqif;ay;xm;aom t&m[k vufcHaeMu\/ jA[®mBuD;onf txufaumif;uif wpfae&mü &Sdonf/ rtkd rao tNrJaeaom yk*d¾Kvfvnf; jzpfonf/ urÇmavmuBuD;ESifh ouf&Sdowå0g rSeforQukd zefqif;ay;xm;onf/ jA[®mBuD;onf vl\cE¨mukd,fxJü qkd;vf? 0dnmOf[kac:aom twåuav;ukd zefqif;ay;xm;onf/ xkdtwåuav;onf cE¨mukd,fxJrSm tNrJ&SdaeNyD; ½kyfcE¨mysufpD; oGm;aomtcg tjcm; ½kyfcE¨mxJokdY ul;ajymif;oGm;avonf/ þtwåuav;onf rlvzefqif;&Sifjzpfaom jA[®mBuD;ESifh jyefvnfaygifpnf;&eftwGuf ylaZmfyorI? 0wfjyK ukd;uG,frIrsm; jyKvkyf&onf/ þt,ltqjzifh jA[®mukd;uG,frI 0g' xGef;um;aeavonf/ Ak'¨bk&m;&Sifonf vlom;\ cE¨mü twåw&m;[lí r&SdaMumif;? twåw&m; qkdonfrSm b,frSmrS r&SdEkdifaMumif;

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3000-cefYu

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opfyif

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150

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151

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) e*kF| Zmwffawmf vGefavNyD;aomtcg Am&mPoDjynfü jA[®'wfrif;onf rif;jyKvwfaomf bk&m;tavmif;onf O'´dpöykPÖm;rsdK;ü jzpf\/ rdbwkdYonf bk&m;avmif; arG;aomaeYrS pí rD;ukd odrf;qnf;xm;Muonf/ xkdrD;ukd rjidrf;raysmufatmif apmifh&Smufxm;Muavonf/ bk&m;avmif; 16-ESpft&G,f a&mufaomtcg rdbwdkYu ]] cspfom;? oifarG;zGm;aom aeYuyif 'DrD;ukd arG;í xdef;odrf; apmifha&SmufcJh&onf? tu,fí tdrfrSm aevkdvQif aA'ifokH;ykHukd oifyg? jA[®mhjynf a&mufvkdvQifvnf; 'DrD;ukd ,lNyD; awmukdoGm;yg? rD;ewfukd vkyfauR;NyD; jA[®mBuD;ukd ESpfoufatmif aqmif&Gufaeygawmh? }} [k ajymMuonf/ bk&m;avmif;onf tdrfaevlom;tjzpf raevkdaomaMumifh rdrdtwGuf arG;,lxm;aom rD;ukd ,lí awm0emokdY xGufcGmvmchJonf/ awm0emü aeí rdD;ukd rjidrf;atmif xdef;odrf;NyD; rD;ewfukdyif vkyfauR;aecJhonf/ wpfaeYaomf ypöEÅ&mZf&Gmu EGm;wpfaumifukd tvSLcH &&Sdonf/ bk&m;avmif; onf rdrd&aom EGm;ukd rD;ewftm; ylaZmfyovkd\/ okdYaomfvnf; awmxJrSm jzpfí qm;u r&Sd/ qm;rygaom [if;vsmukd rD;ewfociftm; qufovQif auseyfrnf r[kwf/ xkdYaMumifh qm;&&Sd&ef &GmqDokdY xGufvmcJhonf/ bk&m;avmif; r&SdcsdefwGif rkqkd;wpfokduf a&muf&SdvmNyD;aemuf EGm;ukd awGUí owfpm;oGm;Muonf/ tNrD;ESifh t½kd;ta&wkdYukdrl xkdae&mrSmyif ypfcsoGm;Muonf/ bk&m;avmif;ykPÖm;

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152

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153

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154

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155

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160

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161

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162

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163

a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) ]] oufcwf N*dK[foGm;? N*dK[fpm; N*dK[fysuf? "mwf&uf rdwf&ef? okH;wefay:edpf? N*dK[ftdyfpef;us? rlvtm'd? od&dtqkH;? ywfukH;&ufykdif;? ocsØKif;av;axmifh? Ewfapmifh ewfae? &SpfaxGtcg? zDvm u&P? yOöwdxD? ,m,D,Mwm? Zmwmtdyfruf? rysuf rjyK? xkdtpkum;? odrIawG;q? ynwfrQom? aMumif;&if;&Smrl? Mur®mjzifhcsnf;? jzpfownf;[k? crnf;,kHap? pdwfraoGvifh? oaAÁowåm? owå0g[k? ememavmu? teEÅukd? ur®oum? rSwfxif&monf? ,if;omblw0g'Dwnf;/ }} oHa0*cef;ysdKUukd a&;pyfaom pmqkdawmfuvnf; eu©wfukd;uG,frI trSm;rsm;ukd þokdY a&;om;zGJUqkd jyxm;onf/ ]] tcrf;tem;? ewfxdef;rsm;ESifh? aomufpm;jrL;atmf? waMumfaMumf[pf? ewfoHypfí? rl;,pfrdIif;a0? taxGaxGvQif? vlUajrewf&Gm? ewfrdpämukd? u,fomxifrSwf? oabmuyfí? ewfvljA[®m? owå0gukd? uHomt&if;? jyKzefqif;[k? ,lvsif;tyfpGm? ,ckrSmum;? csrf;omqif;&J? ewfcyJonf? ay;NrJwkdYrSm? xifrSwf&Smonf? rdpäm,lrd,lrSm;wnf;/ }} pdEÅausmfol OD;Mouvnf; u0dvu©PowfykHusrf;ü]] rdpämtm;vkH;? vTrf;ydwfzkH;? awmifjyKef;nDaemifeef;/ }}- [lí epfematmif a&;jycJhayonf/ refvnfq&mawmfBuD;url rCa'0vuFmopfü]] paet*Fg? aeY&ufcgESifh? wm&mN*dK[frsdK;? aumif;uifrkd;u? jzpfusdK;,kwfjrwf? b,fjyKwwfvdrfh? eu©wfcsdefoifh? iHhvifhukefMu? vlUAmvwkdY? &tHhcsufcsif;? vufiif;csrf;om? vGefwwfpGm\/ rdpämpGJae? roefapESifh? }} - [kvnf;aumif;? ]] [l;&m;tvkd? eu©wfN*dK[fESifh? xkdxkdwm&m? rkd;tmumu? a&mif0gEGrf;nd§K;? atmufvlrsdK;tm;? jzpfusdK;wpd? b,fjyKbdtHh? }}- [kvnf;aumif; a&;zGJUjycJhonf/ q&mawmfBuD;uyif ]] okc'ku©? aMumif;rlvukd? ur®w&m;? ESpfyg;jzifhom? usrf; üvm\? }} [k uHomy"mejzpfaMumif; a&;om;cJhonf/ udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

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a&pBudK t½Sif{odu a&;om;aom ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom ( NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk& ) xkdYaMumifh ax&0g' Ak'¨0g'DwkdYonf Ak'¨bk&m; a[mMum;aom uHomy"me tvkyf0g'jzifh BudK;pm;tm;xkwftyf\/ trdAk'¨bmomukd ausmfí a'G;awmfvGrf;aom ,kHMunfukd;uG,frIrsm;ukd a&Smif&Sm;tyfukef\/ ]] tkd- ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifwkdY? ,aeYrSpí- pdwåZtawG;"mwfjzifh qnf;uyfaerIrsm; ? - ,kwdårJhpepfjzifh ,kHMunfaerIrsm;ukd oifwkdY\ pdwftm½kHrS z,fxkwfMuukefavmh/ ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom*kPfaqmif xGef;ajymif aom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;jzpfatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMuygukefavmh/ }}

udkudkusdKuf (NrefrmusL;ypf) rS uGefNyLwm pmpDpm½dkufNzifh 'geNyKonf

165

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166