Hormone Thyroid T3, T4 Target Nuclear Receptors Of: Most

Hormone Thyroid T3, T4

Target Nuclear Receptors of:

Adrenal Cortex Zona GlomerulosaMineralocorticoids

Regulation TSH stims

Bone Marrow

↑ O2 consumption, heat (d/t ↑ metabolism) Erythropoeisis

GI tract

↑ motility

Bone Cardiac

↑ bone turnover Alters myosin isoenzymes

Bone Kidney Intestine

↑ bone resorption (↑Ca+2) ↑ Ca+2 reabsorption, PO4-3 secretion ↑ Ca+2absorption via Vit. D

Most tissues

Parathyroid PTH

Action

Hypothyroidism -Children-cretinism -Adults-myxedema- fatigue, constipation, puffy face/hands, weight gain, m. weakness (accumulation of GAGs) Hyperthyroidism – Grave’s Dz goiter, ophthalmopathy, palpitations, ↓ weight, heat intolerance Hypo-low blood Ca+2 can cause tetany Hyper-hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia

Maintain plasma volume via Na+ retention, K+ excretion

Renin-Angiotensin system

Zona FasciculataGlucocorticoids (Cortisol, Hydrocortisone) Gonadocorticoids (androgens)

↑ gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, protein catabolism, ↓ glycolysis, insulin use, ↓ immune, inflammatory response

CRF-ACTH system

Zona ReticularisGlucocorticoids, weak androgens (DHEA)

See above DHEA precursor for T (negligible in males)

CRF-ACTH system

Fight-or-flight response (↑HR, CO, BP, Resp. rate, bronchiole dilation, vasoconstrict skin/gut, vasodilate heart, skeletal m.)

ACh ↑ exocytosis of secretory granules

Adrenal Medulla Catecholamines (Norepi, Epi)

Clinical

Hyper-1°/2° Aldosteronism-HTN d/t hypernatremia & ECF expansion; m. weakness, fatigue d/t hyperkalemia Hypo of aldosterone-1° Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison’s Dz)-dehydration, HTN, hyponatremia (Na+ wasting), hyperkalemia (K+ retention) Hyper-Cushings Dz-truncal obesity, moon facies, HTN, gonadal dysfxn Hypo of cortisol-1° Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison’s Dz)- fatigue, hyperpigmentation, GI abnormalities Glucocorticoids can impair immune fxn CAH- ↓ response to ACTH→ ↑ androgens – female pseudohermaphroditism - Adrenal Androgen HyperS – hirsutism, oligomenorrhea, acne, virilization of females Tumor (pheochromocytoma) may cause sudden onset HTN, headache, sweating, palpitations, tachycardia

Hormone

Target

Sex Organs Testosterone

Testes

Estrogen

Ovary

Progesterone

Uterus Cervix Oviduct Mucosa Vagina Mucosa Ovary Uterus Cervix Oviduct Mucosa Vagina Mucosa

Action

Regulation

Maintain spermatogenesis, male duct morphology, accessory sex glands, 2° sex characteristics ↑ FSH, LH receptors on follicle and theca cells –primes follicular tissue for progesterone ∆ SM cell length Mucus watery, abundant - + for sperm Promotes ciliogenesis and mitosis Epithelium thick, cornified, filled w/ glycogen Local levels modulate ovulation Quiet SM cx (w/ relaxin) Mucus thick, sparse - – for sperm Stim secretory activity and SM cx Epithelium thin, sloughed cells nucleated

FSH stims Leydig cells – Activin and Inhibin from testes regulates FSH

Clinical