Hepatitis

Dise ase

Epide miolog y

Etiology (source of infection , route of infection )

Incub ation perio d

Clinical pictures

Diagnos is

Differ ential diagn osis

Complic ations

preventi on

H epati tis A virus

Antige nHA Ag, RNA contai n, severa l weeks remai n alive in the extern al enviro nment at 18°C, destro yed by boiling for 5 minut es, inactiv ated by expos ure to chlorin e during ... 15 minut es ( 1,5_2 ,5 mg/lit er).

human organis m, it is excrete d into the externa l environ ment from the infected organis m by feces, Throug h the mouth HAV enter the organis m of a healthy person, fecal oral route, transmi ted from infected person Via close contact, During the late part of the incubati on period, During

7 days to 7 week s, pre ictein

preic teric stag e 210 days .

in preicte ric stage nervous excitem ent ,chills ,pain all over the body ,malaise ,mild headach e, moderat e elevatio n of tempera ture, slight elevatio n of tempera ture ,heartbu rn ,the sight or smell of food is nauseati ng ,pain in the joints the febrile reaction usually lasts only a few days, dyspepti c sympto

most useful marker (s) of the disturb ance of pigmen t metabo lism --A change in the color of the stool ,sclera, hard palate, urine.

Anti HAV & RNA can be detecte d in the blood during the acute stage of VHA. IFA & PCR. total blood test -ESR is norma,l leukope nia , lymphoc ytosis. Acute viral hepatiti s A is charact

From other hepat itis by clinic al pictur e.

If it is untreate d then may be chronic hepatiti s

Human immuno globulin, immuniz ation, Observat ion rules of personal hygiene.

H epat itis E viru s

HEV Ag,con tain RNA,

Mansource of infectio n, In feces HEV excrete d into the externa l environ ment from the infected organis m, Throug h the mouth HEV enter the organis m of a healthy person, fecal oral route of transmi ssion,

H epat itis B viru s

HBxAg , HBsAg HBeAg , HBcAg antige n(s) contai n HBV. DNA

3 monthshepatitis B virus remain alive in the externaL environ ment at 18 degrees

6 week s to 6 mont hs.

pregnan t women,

RNA can be detecte d in the blood during the acute stage of HEV. IFA, ELISA, PCR. RNA, Anti HEV Ig M marker (s) charact erize(s) VHE.

Abortio n, fetal death, fulmina nt hepatiti s

clinical forms:prolonge d hepatitis B, acute hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis B,

Lab diagnosi s of enceph alitisazotemi a, Oliguria , decreas e of prothro

Enceph alopath y

Observa tion rules of persona l hygiene

above zero. in liver cells, In leucocyt es, in lymphoc ytes, in monocyt es, in bone marrow cells, in pancreat ic cellsHBV replicate . In liver cells, semen, urine, sweat, bile, saliva, tears, breast milk, vaginal secretio n can hepatitis B virus be found during HBV infection . In Liver cells most extensiv ely infected with HBV. for 6-12 months, for 2-3 years, for 3-4 years,

fulminant hepatitis B, subclinic al hepatitis B, anicteric hepatitis B, preicteri c stage:7 to 14 days. Headach e, loss of appetite, aversion to food, vomiting, nausea, discomfo rt in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen , moderat e fever, the skin over the joints has normal color, joints do not change in size, artralgia s anicteri c viral hepatiti sB headach e,

mbin index, leucacit osis PCR IFA In blood testleukope nia lymphoc ytosis

for many years, for a lifetimemay HBV be present in the blood and other body fluids of chronic patients & -also may HBV be present in liver cells of chronic patients. In 6 months after primaryi nfection HBsAgpositive patients designat ed as chronic HBsAg carriers. Patients, producin g HBsAg and don't produce DNA and HBeAg are usually consider ed as "healthy

loss of appetite, aversion to food, vomiting, nausea, artralgias , discomfo rt in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen , moderat e fever, pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen , itching, the skin over the joints has normal color, joints do not change in size, artralgias , enlargem ent of the spleen, enlargem ent of the liver. During last days of the preicteri

carriers" of HBsAg. sources of infection -man. by blood transfusi on, by percutan eous transfer of blood,by tattoing way may virus hepatitis B be transmit ed from infected person. + by hospital equimp ment by ear piercing -+ by needles contami nated blood infected patients. By accident al needle sticks by hospital personn el, by razors, by hospital

c stage urine of patients with viral hepatiti sB usually become s dark & stool’s colour become light or clay color dark. icteric stage:Clinical signs of VHB in preicteric stage progress in severity The skin of the patient becomes icteric. Encepha lopathy: Complete absence of appetite, Vomiting Progressi ve adynami a, Consider able sleepines s during the daytime,

equimp ment, by toothbru shes, via minute droplets of mucus from the fauces ,by towels, by sheet, via minute droplets of mucus from the fauces,fr om infected mother to foetus in utero, to newborn infants at the time of delivery, By fecaloral transmis sion, By bloodfeeding insects way may virus hepatitis B be transmit ed from infected person. Semen,

Impaired mentatio n, Ascites, Hallucina tions, Delirium, Rise in temperat ure, Bleeding from the gums, Involunta ry defaecati on, Bleeding from the nose, Involunta ry urination, Epilepti form ,seizures Aggressi ve actions, Insomnia at night. Anti HBc Ig G,Anti HBc Ig M, HBeAg HBsAg , DNA can be detected in the blood during the last weeks of the incubati on period of the disease.

serum, bloodplay(s) the most importa nt role in transmit ting of hepatitis B.

Anti HBe, Anti HBc Ig G, Anti HBc Ig M, HBeAg, HBsAg, DNA can be detected in the blood during the acute stage of the disease. Anti- HBc Ig M is usually detected during the first time of the disease,o nset of the disease. Anti- HBc Ig G is usually detected during long time after acute infection time of the disease. Anti-HBs Ag is usually detected during long time after acute infection,

in several weeks after HBs Ag disappea rence from the blood time of the disease. HBcAg can be detected in VHB only in hepatocy tes. Anti HBe,Anti HBs viral particles in the blood of convales cents usually appear to confer protectio n against reinfectio n with HBV. HBs Ag may persist in human body for 1 weeks to many years after the onset of the disease.