Group Dynamics
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Factory Scenario After World war II
Presented by: Aradhita Utterkar (Roll No. 09) Gomati Bhiwgade (Roll No. 15)
GROUP: A collection of individuals. --------Kelly and Thibaut.
GROUP DYNAMICS: The term group dynamics was coined to describe the way groups and individuals act and react to changing circumstances. ----------Kurt Lewin
Definition of group: A group can be defined as consisting of two or more individuals who influence one another through social interaction.
Types of group
Formal group 1) Command group 2) Task group
Informal group 1) 2) 3) 4)
Interest group Friendship group Membership group Reference group
Criteria’s for a group to include
Formal social structure Face to face interaction Two or more persons Common fate Common goals Interdependence Self-definition as group members Recognition by others
Why do people join groups?
Security Status Self-esteem Affiliation Power Goal achievement
Dynamics of group formation
Tuckman’s stages of group development model. Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning
Role of group dynamics
Influence on the behaviour of individual members Shaping of attitudes,values and beliefs Influence on group morale Opportunity to be leaders Job satisfaction Social satisfaction Provides a sense of security.
Dynamics of informal groups Roles in informal group
Contributor Collaborator Communicator Challenger
Dynamics of informal groups Norms are followed in informal group only if:
Aid in group survival Provision of benefits Simplify the group members behavior Help to avoid inter personal problems Express central values or goals of group Clarify what is distinctive about the groups identity.
Practical benefits from informal organization
More effective total system Lightens workload on management Fills in gaps in a managers abilities Provides safety valve for employee emotions Improves communication
Dynamics of formal groups
Example of formal group is committee. Positive attributes of committee.
Groups fail due to the following
Absence of trust Fear of conflict Lack of commitment Avoidance of accountability Inattention to results
Dysfunctions of groups
Norm violation and role ambiguity/conflict Group think conformity, problem.
Space shuttle challenge disaster(1986) Bay of pigs invasion(1959-1962)
Risky shift phenomenon Group polarization Social loafing
Group Decision Making Techniques
Brainstorming
Nominal Group Technique
Electronic Meeting
Group Processes
Synergy
Action of two or more substances that results in an effect that is different from the individual summation of substances
Social Facilitation Effect
Tendency for performance to improve or decline in response to the presence of others
Group Conflict
Analysis of Interaction
Sociograms
Way of recording interactions between Members of a Group Direction and Intensity of communication One or more observers
Bale’s Interaction Process Analysis
Guidelines for better use of Group Dynamics
People who are to be changed & who influence the group should have strong sense of belongingness
Group should be more attractive to its members
Attitudes/Values/Behavior that needs to be changes should be relevant to Group
Group Member having more prestige can exert more influence
Guidelines for better use of Group Dynamics
After successful change of a subpart, would encounter strong resistance Information relating to the need for change plans must be shared by relevant group members Bring about re-adjustment in related parts
Group Dynamics Implications for Managers
Obtain cooperation from Informal Groups
Use Informal Groups to improve attitudes of employees
Develop Informal Groups to satisfy various needs of employees
Informal Groups = Grapevine
Provide Groups with high quality leadership for effective results
Enhance productivity and minimize resistance to change
Case Study “Working together for Greater Productivity”
Case Study
“The Working Together Program”
Presented by: Aradhita Utterkar (Roll No. 09) Gomati Bhiwgade (Roll No. 15)
GROUP: A collection of individuals. --------Kelly and Thibaut.
GROUP DYNAMICS: The term group dynamics was coined to describe the way groups and individuals act and react to changing circumstances. ----------Kurt Lewin
Definition of group: A group can be defined as consisting of two or more individuals who influence one another through social interaction.
Types of group
Formal group 1) Command group 2) Task group
Informal group 1) 2) 3) 4)
Interest group Friendship group Membership group Reference group
Criteria’s for a group to include
Formal social structure Face to face interaction Two or more persons Common fate Common goals Interdependence Self-definition as group members Recognition by others
Why do people join groups?
Security Status Self-esteem Affiliation Power Goal achievement
Dynamics of group formation
Tuckman’s stages of group development model. Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning
Role of group dynamics
Influence on the behaviour of individual members Shaping of attitudes,values and beliefs Influence on group morale Opportunity to be leaders Job satisfaction Social satisfaction Provides a sense of security.
Dynamics of informal groups Roles in informal group
Contributor Collaborator Communicator Challenger
Dynamics of informal groups Norms are followed in informal group only if:
Aid in group survival Provision of benefits Simplify the group members behavior Help to avoid inter personal problems Express central values or goals of group Clarify what is distinctive about the groups identity.
Practical benefits from informal organization
More effective total system Lightens workload on management Fills in gaps in a managers abilities Provides safety valve for employee emotions Improves communication
Dynamics of formal groups
Example of formal group is committee. Positive attributes of committee.
Groups fail due to the following
Absence of trust Fear of conflict Lack of commitment Avoidance of accountability Inattention to results
Dysfunctions of groups
Norm violation and role ambiguity/conflict Group think conformity, problem.
Space shuttle challenge disaster(1986) Bay of pigs invasion(1959-1962)
Risky shift phenomenon Group polarization Social loafing
Group Decision Making Techniques
Brainstorming
Nominal Group Technique
Electronic Meeting
Group Processes
Synergy
Action of two or more substances that results in an effect that is different from the individual summation of substances
Social Facilitation Effect
Tendency for performance to improve or decline in response to the presence of others
Group Conflict
Analysis of Interaction
Sociograms
Way of recording interactions between Members of a Group Direction and Intensity of communication One or more observers
Bale’s Interaction Process Analysis
Guidelines for better use of Group Dynamics
People who are to be changed & who influence the group should have strong sense of belongingness
Group should be more attractive to its members
Attitudes/Values/Behavior that needs to be changes should be relevant to Group
Group Member having more prestige can exert more influence
Guidelines for better use of Group Dynamics
After successful change of a subpart, would encounter strong resistance Information relating to the need for change plans must be shared by relevant group members Bring about re-adjustment in related parts
Group Dynamics Implications for Managers
Obtain cooperation from Informal Groups
Use Informal Groups to improve attitudes of employees
Develop Informal Groups to satisfy various needs of employees
Informal Groups = Grapevine
Provide Groups with high quality leadership for effective results
Enhance productivity and minimize resistance to change
Case Study “Working together for Greater Productivity”
Case Study
“The Working Together Program”
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