Grape & Grape Varieties

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葡萄与葡萄种类 GRAPE & GRAPE VARIETIES

WINE MAKING NOTIONS - 酿酒术 The grape’s berry main composition 葡萄的主要组份 STEM: •Tannins (astringent ones - destemming)

梗: •丹宁酸 ( 收敛形酸 – 去梗 )

SKIN: up to 10% of weight

PULP: up to 85% of weight

•Color (pigments), •Aromas (terpenes or essential oils) •Tannins •Yeasts

•Water •Tannins (near skin) •Sugars (in the middle) •Acid (near seeds)

果肉: 占 85% 的重量 •水 •丹宁酸 ( 近果皮 ) •糖份 ( 中间 ) •酸 ( 靠近种籽 )

果皮 :占 10% 的重量

SEEDS:

•颜色 ( 色素 ) •香味 ( 萜烯或精油 ) •丹宁酸 •酵母

•Tannins (astringent ones – soft pressing)

种籽: •丹宁酸 ( 收敛形 – 软压 )

Grape

葡萄

红葡萄种类 Red Grape Varieties Characteristics 性格

Cabernet Franc

Character 性格

Dark cherry , violet , tobacco 黑车 厘子, 紫罗 兰,烟叶

( ka-behr-NAY FRAHNK )

Body 纯度

Medium body

Food 食物 配搭

Herb rubbed chicken or pork 药材包鸡 或 猪肉

Color 颜色

Garnet 深紅寶石色

Cabernet Sauvignon

Character 性格 (cool climate)

卡本納 - 蘇維翁

中性

Cassis, blackberry, cedar, tobacco 黑醋栗,西莓, 雪松 / 西洋杉木 ,烟叶

Character 性格 (warm climate)

Ripe blackcurrant, eucalyptus, plum 成熟 黑藨子,桉 树,话梅

body

Full body

Food 食物配搭

Steak, BBQ, pasta with red sauce or oil 牛扒 ,烧烤,意 大利粉配红 酱或油。

Color 颜色

Dark purple

深紫 色

Grape

红葡萄种类 Red Grape Varieties

Gamay

Character 性格

Characteristics 性格 Strawberry, cherry, banana 草莓 ,车厘子, 香 蕉

( ga-MAY )

body

Light body

Food 食物配搭

Roasted vegetables, blue cheese 焗菜, 藍紋芝士

Color 颜色

Pale purple

Grenache / Gamacha

Character 性格

Black cherries, raspberries, spice 黑车厘子 , 红桑 子,香料

( GREN-osh )

body

medium body 中性

Food 食物配搭

Grilled sausage, lamb 烤香 肠,羊肉

Color 颜色

Brick

Malbec

Character 性格

Plum, anise, earth

( MAL-beck )

body

medium body

Food 食物配搭

Grilled meat

烤肉

Color 颜色

Deep garnet

加深红 宝石色

葡萄

加美

马碧

清淡

浅紫 色

似砖的颜 色 话梅,大 茴香,土 / 泥

中性

红葡萄种类 Red Grape Varieties

Merlot

Character 性格

( mur-LO )

(cool climate) Character 性格

梅洛

Plum, vanilla, cherry 话梅, 香草,车厘 子

Cherry, plum, chocolate, mint 车厘子 ,话梅,朱 古力,薄荷

(warm climate) body

Medium body

Food 食物配搭

Pasta, grilled meat, chicken 鸡肉

Color 颜色

Ruby

Pinot Noir

Character 性格

strawberry, cherry, rose, raspberry 草莓 ,车厘 子,玫 瑰,红桑子

( PEE-no NWAR )

body

Light body

Food 食物配搭

Cheese, Fish, Vegetables 芝士, 鱼类,蔬菜

Color 颜色

Light Garnet

黑皮諾

中性 意大利粉 ,烤肉,

红宝石

清谈

浅红宝石

红葡萄种类 Red Grape Varieties Sangiovese

Character 性格

Sour cherry, raspberry, spice, anise 酸樱 桃, 红桑子,香 料,大茴香

( SAN-gee-oh-VAY-SEE )

body

Medium-full body

Food 食物配搭

Pasta with tomato sauce, pizza 意大 利批 萨, 意大利粉配 茄酱

Color 颜色

Dense purple

Syrah / Shiraz

Character 性格

( Cer-rah / SHER-azz )

(cool climate)

Blueberry, prune, coffee, leather, pepper 蓝莓 ,洋李 脯,咖 啡,皮革, 胡椒

席拉

Character 性格 (warm climate)

浓紫 色

Raspberry, blackberry, pepper, chocolate 红桑 子,西莓, 胡椒,朱古 力

body

Full body

Food 食物配搭

Burgers, BBQ items

Color 颜色

Dark purple

Zinfandel 金芬黛

Character 性格

Raspberry, cherry, spice 红桑子, 车厘子 ,香 料

( ZIN-fan-DEL )

body

Fully body

Food 食物配搭

Red meats, firm cheese, roast chicken 红 肉, 实心芝士, 烧鸡

Color 颜色

Dark ruby

汉堡包, 烧烤类

深紫色

深宝 石

白葡萄种类 White Grape Varieties Grape

Characteristics

Chardonnay

Character 性格

( CHAR-donn-ay )

(cool climate) Character 性格 (warm climate)

性格

citrus, apple, mineral, vanilla 柑橘,苹果,矿物,香草 peach, pineapple, butter, vanilla 桃子,菠萝,奶油,香草

body

full body

Food 食物 配搭

seafood, shrimp, roast pork, chicken 海鲜,烤肉 类

Color 颜色

Golden 金黄色

Gewurztraminer

Character 性格

tropical fruit, lychee, spice 热带鲜果,荔枝,香 料

( geh-VERTS-trah-miner )

body

full body

Food 食物 配搭

spicy asian 辛辣的亚洲食物

Color 颜色

Golden

Muscat

Character

honeysuckle, orange blossom, musk 忍冬,香橙 花,麝香

( mus-KAT )

body

medium body

Food 食物 配搭

fruit dessert 水果甜品

Color 颜色

light gold

金黄色

中性

浅金黄色

白葡萄种类 White Grape Varieties Grape

Characteristics

性格

Pinot Grigio / Gris

Character 性格

pear, melon, citrus, mineral 梨子,瓜类 ,柑橘,矿物

( PEE-no GREE-gee-oh )

body

light-medium body 清淡至中性

Food 食物配搭

light fish, salad, cream sauce 清淡鱼类, 沙律,乳脂汁

Color 颜色

pale straw 浅稻草色

Riesling

Character 性格

( REES-ling )

(cool climate) Character 性格

green apple, citrus, mineral, floral 青苹果,柑橘,矿物,花香

(warm climate)

peach, honey, melon 桃子,蜂蜜,瓜类

body

medium body

Food 食物配搭

asian, thai, turkey 亚洲料理,泰式料理, 火鸡

color

golden straw 金黄稻草色

中性

White Grape Varieties (Contd) Grape

Characteristics

Sauvignon Blanc

Character 性格

( soh-vihn-YOHN BLAHNK )

(cool climate) Character 性格 (warm climate)

性格

gooseberry, citrus, grass 醋栗,柑橘,牧草

citrus, melon, asparagus, gooseberry 柑橘,瓜类,芦笋,醋栗

body

medium body

Food 食物配搭

pork, shellfish, goat cheese 猪肉,羊乳酪,贝壳海鲜

color

pale straw 浅稻草色

Viognier

Character 性格

peach, apricot, honey, floral 桃子,杏脯肉,蜂蜜,花香

( vee-on-NYAY )

body

light-medium body

Food 食物配搭

scallops, lobster, cream sauce 带子,龙虾,乳脂汁

color

Golden

金黄色

中性

清淡至中性

ANY QUESTIONS

问答时 候

?????QUESTIONS ?????? • Which 2 parts of the grape have maximum amount of tannins? 葡萄的哪两部份最多丹宁酸? • Where do you find sugar in the body of the grape? 在葡萄的哪部份可以找到糖份? • What is the colour of Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon? Cabernet France 和 Cabernet Sauvignon 的颜色是什么? • What is the character of Merlot? 梅洛的葡萄性格是什么? • What is the body of Shiraz? 席拉的纯度是什么?

?????QUESTIONS ?????? • What is the character of Chardonnay? Chardonnay 的葡萄性格是什么? • What is the body of Sauvignon Blanc? Sauvignon Blanc 的纯度是什么? • Name any 5 white grape varieties. 例出 5 种白葡萄种类。 • Name any 5 Red Grape varieties. 例出 5 种红葡萄种类。

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