Grammar Packet

In the beginning, there was a SENTENCE and its PARTS. Every sentence has two essential parts: ______________ and ________________ 1. The ______________ tells what the sentence is talking about. Circle the Subject. a. KanYe West searches. b. The puddle is huge. c. Kerri Hilson galloped. The ________________ ______________________: The ________________and any surrounding _______________ that relate to it. - i.e. Three friends from Kalamazoo rented a room in Timbuktu. Underline the Complete Subject. a. The group’s new CD rose to the top of the charts. b. The line for Ginuwine tickets extends around the corner. c. A fire in the building requires immediate attention. 2. The _______________ asserts something about the _______________________; that is, it tells what the _______________ does (did or will do) or is (was or will be). In KanYe West searches, searches tells what the ________________, _________________, does; thus _______________ is the verb. Circle the Verb. a. Moses Malone played. b. DSW sells shoes. c. We dance at prom. The _______________________ is the verb and anything ______________________ words relating to the _________________. -i.e. Moses Malone played on the court. Underline the Predicate: a. The track team stopped at Subway. b. A dictionary contains a lot of words. c. Suddenly, Frank scored for his team. Classifying Sentences

There are _________ types of sentences. 1. ______________________________: a statement. Sports are great entertainment. 2. ______________________________: a question. Are sports great entertainment? 3. ______________________________: a command or request. Entertain us with sports. 4. ______________________________: an expression of emotion. Sports Center is on T.V.!

Identify the type of sentence by writing D (declarative), I (interrogative), IM (imperative), E (exclamatory) 1. _______ Jordan didn’t want to eat the vegetables last night. 2. _______ Close the refrigerator, please. 3. _______ Who drew on the sidewalk? 4. _______ Khalil crossed the street by walking on his hands. 5. _______ Friday is here! 6. _______ How much money do I owe you? 7. _______ Place all of your change on Ms. K’s desk. Write your own sentences: Declarative: _______________________________________________________________________ _ Interrogative: _______________________________________________________________________ _ Imperative: _______________________________________________________________________ _ Exclamatory:

_______________________________________________________________________ _ Nitty Gritty of the Sentence - Complements: Words needed to ______________________ the verb’s meaning. - i.e. Three friends from Kalamazoo rented a room in Timbuktu. (Rented what? A __________) Underline the Complements. a. They traveled sixty miles by foot. b. Fridays begin the weekend. c. Please place your tickets on the counter. Types of Complements: –

__________________ Object: noun or _____________ that completes the meaning of a __________________. It answers ______________ or _________________ after the verb. - i.e. Jerome threw the rocks. (Threw what? _______________) Underline the Direct Object. a. P!nk sings pop music. b. In the bathroom, there are three cork boards. c. Some of the players missed practice for the Olympics.

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______________________ Object: noun or ________________ that appears after a verb, telling _______/ ________ what OR ________/_________ whom. The indirect object typically appears when the following ___________ are used: give, bring, tell, show, take, or offer

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i.e. Noises from the concert gave Moma headache. ( to whom? __________) Underline the Indirect Object. a. Martin sent Gina a dozen roses. b. The class did the school a favor. c. Harold’s contractor took Jim the blueprints.

Note: Neither the ________________ object nor the ________________ object can be a part of a prepositional phrase. Parts of Speech. Noun: A ___________, place or _____________ (including a quality or ________). Can end in _______, -ment, _______. - Label the following nouns with an “N.” Then specify which sort of noun it is. 1. Man: 2. Run: 3. Condition: 4. Accurately:

Verb: Asserts something about the ____________ of a _______________. An _________ verb tells what the subject _______, did or ____________. A ___________ verb tells that the ___________ is, _________, or will be something. - Label the following verbs with a “V.” Then specify which sort of verb it is. 1. Jump:

2. Angry:

3. Upper:

4. Is:

Adjective: Describes a ____________. Typically ends in ______, -ous, ______. - Label the following adjectives with an “Adj.” Then write a sentence using each one. 1. Mace:

2. Cautious:

3. Fetish:

4. Beautiful:

Adverb: Describes a _____________. Typically ends in ______, -y, _______. - Label the following adverbs with an “Adv.” Then write a sentence using each one. 1. Yak:

2. Onward:

3. Fate:

4. Frankly:

Parts of Speech Fun. Determine each underlined word’s part of speech. Label the following as: Noun: N Verb: V Adjective: Adj Adverb: Adv The Crazy Morning for the Vistoso Bosses On a bright Saturday morning, VistosoBosses stepped out of their front door. She was trotting to the end of their driveway to pick up their dailynewspaper. Only, this morning was different from every other morning for VistosoBosses. Vistoso Bosses could not easily get to the end of their driveway, for a large mound of animal carcasseslay in their way. Had it been a large mound of oranges, it would not be such a big deal for the VistosoBosses. Having just gotten new cell phones, Soulja Boy Tell ‘Em was the only contact they could call to help them with the situation. Soulja Boy arrived quickly and was a bit queasy when he sawthe carcasses. Soulja Boy was not fully prepared for this monstrosity, so he was perplexed as to how he was going to get to the Vistoso Bosses on the otherside. He ran immediately back to his imitationBat-mobile and opened the trunk. Soulja Boy suddenly returned with his Carcass Destroyer 89; which he bought in Cancun last year. He told the Vistoso Bosses to sit on the frontporch while he took care of the carcasses. Frantically spraying the carcass pile, Soulja Boy Tell ‘Em saved the morning by dissolvingthe pile. The VistosoBosses were able to continue down the driveway to get their morning newspaper. Then, the three music stars hopped into the imitation Bat-mobile to finish making their next music video.

Working with Prepositions Prepositions: ________________ words showing how the ___________ that follows it is related to another part of the ________________________. –

i.e. Stacy fell on the ground.

List of Commonly Used Prepositions: (Think of words in relation to a house)

Object of a ________________: a ___________ or ____________ that ends a prepositional phrase. It answers the question whom or ________ after the preposition. –

i.e. I have a kumquat tree growing in my garden beside the star fruit. (in what?________ beside what? _________) Underline the Object of the preposition: a. Inside the house, you will find many celebrities. b. I was in the room listening to my Will Smith C.D. c. Frank Beamer is crazy about the Hokies.

Recognizing Phrases and Clauses - A ____________ is a group of related words that is not a ______________, because it _____________ + _______________. - A _____________ is a group of related words containing a ___________ + verb. There are two kinds. 1. __________________ Clause: sounds complete and ___________ ___________ when it stands alone. Example: The virus began to spread, and the doctors were concerned. 2. ___________________ Clause: does not sound ___________ and does not make full sense when ______ _______________ _________________- despite having subject + _________. It contains word (that, if, or when) that forces it to be linked to an _________________

_______________.

Example: (dependent clause in italics, connecting word in bold). You may graduate when you pay your library fines. Kinds of Dependent Clauses 1. _____________ clause used an _________, modifying a preceding noun or _________. It is introduced and ______________ to the _____________ clause by who, whose, whom, which or that or sometimes when, where, or why: The film frightened Chandrea who saw it. Agee’s, which is downtown, sells mopeds. It was a time when peace prevailed. 2. ______________ clause is used as an adverb, modifying a verb. It tells how, __________, where, _________. It is introduced and ________________ to the independent ___________ by a subordinating conjunction. Although they were tired, they played. You may leave if you quit early. The Use of a Comma (not to be confused with coma).

Use a comma to set off: __________________ Clauses: a comma follows the first of _________ independent clauses that are joined by a _______________ conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so). Shawn Marion played a game in Denver, and he felt it was a well played game. Denzel Washington competed in a tennis match, but he failed to beat Andre Agassi. However, do NOT use a comma–

If there is no full clause (___________ + _____________) after the conjunction: _____________: They voted on the bill Monday, and adjourned Tuesday. _____________: They voted on the bill Monday and adjourned Tuesday.

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After the conjunction: _____________: They voted on the bill Monday, but it was defeated. _____________: They voted on the bill Monday but, it was defeated.

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Between short independent clauses: ____________: He lies and she cheats.

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Between independent clauses not joined by a coordinating conjunction: _____________: The starting gun sounded; the crowd roared. _____________: The starting gun sounded, the crowd roared. This is called a __________________, and is a very ______________ mistake.

Conjunctionsjoin other __________ or _________ groups. There are three kinds.

1. ______________________ conjunction: ( and, but, _____, ______, for, yet, _______) joins ____________ or ____________ groups of the same kind and importance: Words: cars and buses Word groups (phrases): on the open highways and in city traffic Word groups (clauses): Cars are convenient, but buses are more efficient. Write 2 different sentences with 2 different coordinating conjunctions: 1. ______________________________________________________________ _ ______________________________________________________________ _ 2. ______________________________________________________________ _ ______________________________________________________________ _ 2. ________________________ conjunction (if, ______________, although, when, ____________, ____________) joins a dependent (______________) clause to an independent clause. The subordinating conjunction begins the ________________ clause: if we pay them more; because the band was not playing their favorites. Usher will play longer if we pay him more. If we pay him more, Usher will play longer. Humberto grew restless because KeyshiaCole wasn’t playing his favorites. Because Keyshia Cole wasn’t playing his favorites, Humberto grew restless. Write 2 different sentences with 2 different subordinating conjunctions: 1. ______________________________________________________________ _ ______________________________________________________________ _

2. ______________________________________________________________ _ ______________________________________________________________ _

Verbals: aformderived from a __________ but used as a _____________, adjective, or adverb. There are three kinds of verbals. 1. Infinitive: ( ) used as: a. Noun: To swim is Laron’sambition. (subject) Laron desires to swim. (direct object) b. Adj.: Hers is an ambition to admire. (modifies ambition) c. Adv.: Her goal is not easy to attain (modifies easy) She came here to swim. ( modifies came) 2. Participle: used as an ____________: Present Participle ( ): The cheeringcrowd stormed the stage. (modifies crowd) The crowd, cheeringwildly, stormed the stage. (modifies crowd) Past Participle( ): Confusedfreshmen wandered the campus. ( modifies freshmen) The economy, driven by consumer demand, kept expanding. (modifies economy). Gerund( ): The prisoners considered escaping (direct object) by tunneling (object of prep.) *Note: An –ing verbal may be used as a gerund or participle, depending on its use in a particular sentence.