Importance of Girls Education and Its Impact on Development
by Azra Kacapor, World Learning May 2009
Facts and Figures on Girls Education
62 million girls are out of school ( over 60%)
There are 781 million illiterate adults, twothirds of them women, world wide
Children whose mothers have no education are more than twice as likely to be out of school as children whose mothers have some education.
In developing countries, 75% of the children not in school have uneducated mothers Source: United Nations Girls Education Initiative
Challenges to Girls Education Cultural barriers to girls’ education Poverty Early marriage Girls become primary caregivers at an early age Issues of access to schools
Challenges to Girls Education Pedagogical structure often geared towards the needs and learning abilities of males Safety concerns Inadequate curriculum Shortage of female teachers Centralized approach discourages community involvement that would cater to specific needs
World Learning Approach to Girls Education Programming
School Based
Community Driven
Focused on increasing girls’ access, retention, and performance in schools
Addresses social barriers to girls education
Mainstreaming gender through activities and
Focus on girls as an independent component
Girls’ Advisory Committees Houseto house visits to encourage parents to enroll girls in school Tutorial classes for female students Provision of school supplies, clothing and hygiene supplies for girls from poor families Provision of counseling to prevent dropout, gender education, prevention of early marriages, and awards for high achieving female students Sensitizing parents and community leaders about harmful traditional customs inheritance of widows to brothers or uncles, polygamy, female genital mutilation, early marriage, abduction, and rape Rescue of female students from abduction attempts and support to continue their education
Girls’ Advisory Committees
Ethiopia
Elders and church leaders convinced parents to cancel the marriage of a female student
Returning to School After Marriage
Girls’ Advisory Committees Ecuador Incentivebased approach instead of safe, permanent position for instructors Genderawareness training School dropout prevention program Institutional policy strengthening and strategic alliancebuilding
Girls’ Advisory Committees
Ecuador
Participatory approach strengthens communities
Curriculum materials and teacher training
3,500 out of school indigenous children enrolled in education programs,
1,154 children removed from child labor
Lessening the gender gap – intervention strategies Preschool preparation programs followed by ontime intake awareness Allowing girls to enroll in school regardless of age and offering accelerated education programs to bridge age to grade gap “Childtochild” activities to promote reading and constructive learning (female students in grades five and six for girls in grades one through three) Allowing girls to engage in “special late girls’ enrollment” periods Introducing a tracking system for readmitting girls after they drop out and/or become pregnant
Lessening the gender gap– Intervention strategies cont. Ensuring discipline guidelines to prevent harassment of girls by boys. Institute Girls’ Days for libraries and other activities where girls may have marginalized usage rates; Ensure that a “no cultural excuses” stance is observed in all activities related to girls’ education, particularly related to abuse, harm, harassment, and lack of emotional or professional fulfillment of girls etc.
Personal Testimony: Erika’s Story