Girls' Education - Azra Kacapor

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 Importance of Girls Education and  Its Impact on Development 

by Azra Kacapor, World Learning May 2009

Facts and Figures on Girls Education 

62 million girls are out of school ( over 60%)



There are 781 million illiterate adults, two­thirds of them women, world wide



Children whose mothers have no education are more than twice as likely to be out of  school as children whose mothers have some education. 



In developing countries, 75% of the children not in school have uneducated mothers  Source: United Nations Girls Education Initiative

 

Challenges to Girls Education        Cultural barriers to girls’ education   Poverty   Early marriage   Girls become primary  caregivers at an early age  Issues of access to schools 

        Challenges to Girls Education  Pedagogical structure often geared towards the needs and learning abilities  of males  Safety concerns  Inadequate curriculum  Shortage of female teachers  Centralized approach discourages      community involvement that would       cater to specific needs

World Learning Approach to Girls  Education Programming   

School Based



Community Driven 



Focused on increasing girls’ access,  retention, and performance in schools 



Addresses social barriers to girls education



Mainstreaming gender through activities  and 



Focus on girls as an independent  component 

           Girls’ Advisory Committees  House­to house visits to encourage parents to enroll girls in school  Tutorial classes for female students  Provision of school supplies, clothing and hygiene supplies for girls from poor  families   Provision of counseling to prevent dropout, gender education, prevention of  early marriages, and awards for high achieving female students  Sensitizing parents and community leaders about harmful traditional customs ­  inheritance of widows to brothers or uncles, polygamy, female genital  mutilation, early marriage, abduction, and rape  Rescue of female students from abduction attempts and support to continue  their education

            Girls’ Advisory Committees                                        

        Ethiopia

 Elders and church leaders convinced  parents to cancel the marriage of a  female student

 Returning to School After Marriage

                       Girls’ Advisory Committees                                         Ecuador   Incentive­based approach instead of safe, permanent position for  instructors  Gender­awareness training  School dropout prevention                      program  Institutional policy        strengthening and strategic        alliance­building

Girls’ Advisory Committees 

                                                          Ecuador



Participatory approach strengthens  communities



Curriculum materials and teacher  training



3,500 out of school indigenous  children enrolled in education  programs, 



1,154 children removed from child  labor 

Lessening the gender gap – intervention  strategies   Pre­school preparation programs followed by on­time intake awareness  Allowing girls to enroll in school regardless of age and offering accelerated  education programs to bridge age to grade gap  “Child­to­child” activities to promote reading and constructive learning  (female students in grades five and six for girls in grades one through three)   Allowing girls to engage in “special late girls’ enrollment” periods   Introducing a tracking system for readmitting girls after they drop out and/or  become pregnant 

Lessening the gender gap– Intervention  strategies cont.  Ensuring discipline guidelines to prevent harassment of girls by boys.  Institute Girls’ Days for libraries and other activities where girls may  have marginalized usage rates;   Ensure that a “no cultural excuses” stance is observed in all activities  related to girls’ education, particularly related to abuse, harm,  harassment, and lack of emotional or professional fulfillment of girls  etc.

      Personal Testimony: Erika’s Story

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