Geography Project 2 Katherine Powers

For World Geography 1 by Katherine Powers

Communication... •

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The United States and Canada are close allies. To quote John F. Kennedy: "Geography has made us neighbors. History has made us friends. Economics has made us partners. And necessity has made us allies.” Since the American revolution, Canada and the US have been in communication with one another. Canada and the US have fought beside one another in wars and are both members of NATO. The border between the United States and Canada is the longest, undefended border in the world at 5,205 miles.

Transportation... •

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In 1971 the Canadian economy depended very heavily on trade from the United States, only changing it after a huge shock to the Canadian government by the US. As mentioned under Communication, the United States – Canadian border is the longest, undefended border in the world; travelers pay a small fee to enter and exit between the two countries. In 1988 the US and Canada signed the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement which removed several trade restrictions in stages over a ten year period, and resulted in a great increase in cross-border trade.

Timeline... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1775-1783 - American Revolutionary War - American colonies fight for independence from British rule. Canada was invaded during the American Revolutionary War. 1783- The Treaty of Paris, which ended the war, called for the British to vacate all their forts south of the Great Lakes border. 1795- The Jay Treaty resolved an issue of Loyalists who lost land in the war and the British departed the forts. Notably, the borders between Canada and the United States were officially declared. 1812- another war between the United States and Britain. “Heavily outgunned by the Royal Navy, the American war plans focused on an invasion of Canada (especially what is today western Ontario), hoping to use it as a negotiating pawn.” 1814- the war ends with the Treaty of Ghent and the Rush-Bagot Agreement in 1817. 1867- Canada becomes a self-governing dominion. “Prior to Confederation, there was an Oregon boundary dispute in which the Americans claimed the 54th degree latitude.” 1907- there was a small controversy over the USS Nashville sailing into the Great Lakes Canada without Canadian permission. In response, in... 1909- the two sides signed the International Boundary Waters Treaty and the International Joint Commission. By 1911- there were 49,000 US-born people in Canada and 1.21 million Canadian-born people in the US. In the 1920s- Canada finally “Relations with the U.S. were cordial, except in the matter of tariffs in the 1930-32 period of the Great Depression.” 1971- the Nixon shock mentioned in “Transportation”. 1988- the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement mentioned in “Transportation”. 2000s- Canada's border control policy and foreign policy were changed as a result of the impact of the... September 11, 2001- attacks on the United States in 2001 resulting in increased pressure from the U.S. and adoption by Canada of initiatives to secure Canada's side of the border to the U.S. and Canada supported U.S.led military action in Afghanistan. 2008- Prime Minister Harper assured the president-elect Barack Obama that the two countries will become the greatest of allies. January 20th, 2009- it was announced that Mr. Obama's first international trip would be to Canada, which took place on February 19, 2009.

Sources... • • • • •

upload.cowikimedia.org en.wikipedia.org www.animatedatlas.com/ www.collegesintheusa.com/ www.shgresources.com/