Freud And Freudian

FREUD AND THE FREUDIANS

SIGMUND FREUD

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PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY SEX: Something That Brings Bodily Pleasure (Not only genital)

LIBIDO: Sexual Energy

EROGENOUS ZONE: An Area Of The Body On Which Sexual Energy Is Concentrated (An area of the body that brings pleasure) 2

FREUDIAN CONCEPTS PERSONALITY CONSTRUCTS

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT •

• SUPEREGO • EGO

• • •

• ID

•

GENITAL LATENCY PHALLIC (OEDIPAL) ANAL ORAL

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FREUD AND EDUCATION • Piaget said that education should be about thinking, not about learning facts. People who can think will learn. • Freud implies that education should be about concern for students’ emotional health and welfare, not about learning facts. People whose emotional needs are met will learn. 4

STAGE CHARACTERISTICS • Each stage is named for the area of the body on which sexual energy (libido) is centered during that stage. • The stages are sequential, but they are NOT hierarchical. • Regression to and fixation at a stage can occur. 5

ID • is innate • is motivated by pleasure • is the source of libidinal energy • contains basic drives: hunger, thirst aggression, anger, destruction • contains no logic or rational thoughts, just DESIRES

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EGO • Develops as the Id comes into contact with reality •Governed by the reality principle • uses reasoning in order to come to conclusions • serves as a check on the Id-delays actions until they are “reasonable.”

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SUPEREGO • Develops as a result of internalizing parental standards and values • Has two aspects:

Conscience

Ego Ideal 8

CONSCIENCE (SUPEREGO)

Tells us what

NOT to do and

punishes us if we do something wrong by making us have feelings of...

GUILT

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EGO IDEAL (SUPEREGO)

Tells us what to do. It is the POSITIVE aspect of the superego. • Provides goals for life • Is the source of ideals 10

ORAL STAGE (infancy) Energy from the libido is centered on the mouth. Two periods: Early period (first few months of life) characterized by narcissism Later period characterized by urge to bite and by separation anxiety 11

ORAL STAGE FIXATION Preoccupation with oral activities • eating • biting • biting on pencils • smoking • loquaciousness Regressions are characterized by a temporary fixation with oral activities due to stress or frustration. The stronger a fixation, the more likely a regression to that stage. 12

ANAL STAGE (11/2--3 yrs. old) Energy from the libido is centered on the anal zone and its “products.” Child is asked to renounce instinctive pleasure by becoming toilet trained. This usually results in anger and testing of parents. 13

ANAL STAGE FIXATION Anal Compulsive (Anal retentive)

Anal Expulsive

“Neat Freak” Sloppy, messy, disorganized

Obsessive compulsive behaviors can be traced to fixation at this stage 14

PHALLIC (OEDIPAL) STAGE (boys)

(3-6)

For boys libido is centered on the penis.

• Competition with father for affection

of mother- fear of castration (anxiety) • Repression of sexual feelings for mother (superego) • Identification with father and father’s ideals and projection of sexual feelings onto other women. 15

OEDIPAL STAGE FIXATION (boys)

• Guilt over competitive urges • Apprehension in competition with other men • Problems with intimacy since they evoke Oedipal feelings • Less guilt with women who are seen only as outlets for Id urges 16

PHALLIC (ELECTRA) STAGE (3-6) (girls)

• Penis envy • Identification with the father • Lack of castration anxieties leads to a weaker superego. 17

LATENCY STAGE

(6-12!!)

Libido (sexual and aggressive fantasies) is latent, although probably not completely gone. Child demonstrates more self-control This is a time devoted more to intellect than to emotion--a time for LEARNING both cognitive and social skills. 18

GENITAL STAGE (puberty!!) • Libido “attacks” the ego. There is much stress, anxiety, turmoil, and loss of confidence (“sturm und drang”). • Adult sexual feelings cause much sexual and social conflict and a looking for one’s place and role in life. • Freeing oneself from one’s parents is the primary task of the adolescent. 19

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

(used by adolescents to cope with stress)

• Taking flight--literally or by isolating oneself

• Contempt for parents • Asceticism--strict diets, rigorous exercise regimens, refusal to participate in any “fun” activities • Intellectualization--construction of 20 elaborate philosophies; identification