Food Borne Nutrition

DEFINITION IT IS DEFINED AS A DISEASE USUALLY EITHER INFECTIOUS OR TOXIC IN NATURE CAUSED BY AGENTS THAT ENTER THE BODY THROUGH INGESTION OF FOOD

FOOD BORNE INFECTION & ITS DIET THERAPY BACTERIAL DISEASE 

TYPHOID

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DIARRHOEA

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DYSENTRY

TYPHOID DEFINITION IT IS AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE CHARACTERISED BY DEFINITE LESIONS IN PAYERS PATCHES,MESENTRIC GLANDS &SPLEEN ACCOMPANIED BY FEVER,HEADACHE & ABDOMINAL PAIN

CAUSITIVE ORGANISM SALMONELLA TYPHI

MODE OF TRANSMISSION CONTAIMINATED WATER RARELY BY CONTACT IMPROPERLY COOKED STARCHY FOODS & PASTERY UNSAFE RAW FRUITS & VEGETABLES CONTAIMINATION BY HANDS SOMETIMES BY FLIES

INCUBATION PERIOD USUALLY ONE TO THREE WEEKS (DEPENDING UPON THE INFECTIVE DOSE)

SIGN &SYMPTOMS       

FEVER(103 F TO 104 F) LOSS OF APPETITE WEAKNESS HEADACHE BRADYCARDIA MENTAL DULLNESS & SLIGHT DEAFNESS STOMACH PAIN

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SPLEENOMEGALY DELIRIUM NOSE BLEED

TREATMENT      

REST KEEPING THE PATIENT WARM ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY MODIFIED DIET IMMUNIZATION GENERAL CARE & ISOLATION

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DISINFECTION OF ALL THE DISCHARGES PROPER STERELIZATION OF ALL THE ARTICLES CHRONIC CARRIERS SHOULD BE INVESTIGATED

DIETARY MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES  

TO MAINTAIN ADEQUATE NUTRITION TO RESTORE POSITIVE NITROGEN BALANCE TO PROVIDE RELIEF FROM SYMPTOMS

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TO CORRECT & MAINTAIN WATER & ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE

DIET PATTERN     

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HIGH CALORIE HIGH PROTIEN FULL FLUID DIET BLAND, LOW FIBRE , SOFT DIET SRONGLY FLAVOURED FOOD SHOULD BE AVOIDED WELL COOKED , WELL MASHED SEMISOLID FOOD CAN BE GIVEN SHOULD BE EASILY DIGESTIBLE

 DIARRHOEA FREEQUENT PASSAGE OF THE LOOSE WATERY & UNFORMED STOOL WHICH MAY CONTAIN BLOOD OR MUCOUS

TYPES  

ACUTE CHRONIC

ACUTE DIARRHOEA CHRACTERISED BY SUDDEN ONSET & FREEQUENT PASSAGE OF WATERY & UNFORMED STOOL

INCUBATION PERIOD IT LAST FOR ONLY 24-48 HOURS

ETIOLOGY CONTAIMINATED FOOD & WATER FOOD SENSITIVITY OR ALLERGY PROTIEN ENERGY MALNUTRITION VIT A DEFICIENCY CHOLERA TYPHOID OR INFECTIOUS TONSILITIS

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ARSENIC LEAD & MERCURY POISIONING TENTION & ANXIETY

SYMPTOMS     

PATIENT MAY PASS SEVERAL STOOL ABDOMINAL PAIN CRAMPS WEAKNESS FEVER SOMETIMES AND VOMITING

CHRONIC DIARRHOEA IT PERSIST FOR A LONGER TIME EVEN SEVERAL WEEKS & MAY PASS UNFORMED STOOL IN A DAY ETIOLOGY     

DM CHRONIC ALCOHLISM CANCER OF COLON PROLONGED INTAKE OF LAXATIVE LIVER CIRRHOSIS

SYMPTOMS 

NURITIONAL DEFICIENCY

DIETARY MANAGEMENT     

DIET SHOULD BE EASILY DIGESTIBLE SOFT BLAND DIET LOW FIBRE & FAT WELL COOKED SOFT SEMISOLID FOOD DRINK PLENTY OF FLUIDS

CONTROL MEASURES ORS APPROPRIATE FEEDING APPROPRIATE DRUGS SHOULD BE GIVEN PROPER HEALTH EDUCATION

DYSENTRY SEVERE DIARRHOEA CALLED AS DYSENTRY CHARECTERISED BY

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FREEQUENT PASSAGE OF SMALL WATERY STOOL OFTEN CONTAINING BLOOD & MUCOUS ACCOMPANIED BY SEVERE ABDOMINAL PAIN ULCERATION OF WALLS OF INTESTINE

ETIOLOGY 

CAUSED BY ENTAAMOEBA HISTOLICA

MODE OF TRANSMISSION   

CONTAIMINATED WATER SREAD FROM HAND TO MOUTH TRANSFER OF FRESH FEACES BY COTAIMINATED RAW VEGETABLES, BY FLIES,BY SOILED HANDS OF FOOD HANDLERS & BY COTAIMINATED WATER

INCUBATION PERIOD FROM FEW DAYS TO SEVERAL MONTH OR YEAR SIGN & SYMPTOMS 

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FREEQUENT PASSING STOOL CONTAINING BLOOD & MUCOUS FEVER WITH CHILLS ABDOMINAL PAIN MILD TO SEVERE DEGREE OF DEHYDRATION

CONTROL MEASURES MAINTAIN HYGIENE SANITARY DISPOSAL OF HUMAN FECES SAFE WATER SUPPLY FLY CONTROL MEASURES ISOLATION INVESTIGATION HEALTH EDUCATION

DIETARY MANAGEMENT SOFT BLAND DIET EASILY DIGESTABLE LOW IN FIBRE & FAT HIGH CALORIE HIGH CALCIUM & IRON RICH DIET WELL COOKED SEMISOLID FOOD HIGH INTAKE OF FLUID HIGH PROTIEN

VIRAL HEPATITISIS IS AN INFLAMMATION OF LIVER ETIOLOGY     

FECAL CONTAIMINATION OF FOOD & WATER POOR HYGIENE & SANITATION CONTAIMINATED BLOOD PRODUCTS VIRUS POORELY STERELISED NEEDLE

CAUSITIVE AGENT 

VIRUS

INCUBATION PERIOD 

15-50DAYS

MODE OF TRANSMISSION   

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PERSON TO PERSON CONTACT FECAL ORAL ROUTE CONAIMINATED WATER & FOOD LIKE MILK SALADS BAKERYY PRODUCTS INFECTED BLOOD & BLOOD PRODUCTS NEEDLE PRIC OF INFECTED PERSON

SIGN & SYMPTOMS          

LOSS OF APPITITE FATIGUE MALAISE GENERALISED ITCHING NAUSEA & VOMITING LOW GRADE FEVER PALE &CLAY COLOURED STOOL ABNORMAL TASTE ABDOMINAL PAIN INDIGESTION&TENDERNESS

TYPES  

ACUTE CHRONIC

PREVENTION &CONTROL DIETARY MANAGEMENT 

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FOOD SHOULD BE EASILY DIGESTIBLE & SOFT IN MILD CASES NORMAL CONSISTENCY DIET,IN ACUTE LIQUID TO SOFT DIET,IN SEVERE TUBE FEEDING HIGH CALORIE (1500-2000 K CAL)

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HIGH PROTIEN & LOW FAT CARBOHYDRATE ADEQUATE(300-400gm)

FOODS INCLUDED      

SUGAR GLUCOSE HONEY CEREALS PULSES MILK & MILK PRODUCTS EGGS, FRUITS& VEGETABLES

FOODS EXCLUDED    

FRIED & FATTY FOODS OILS NUTS & OILSEED STRONGLY FLAVOURED VEGETABLES INTAKE OF ALCOHOL IS RESTRICTED FOR A YEAR AFTER THE ATTACK

POLIOMYLITIS IT IS PRIMARILY AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE OF HUMAN ELIMENTARY TRACT BUT MAY EFFECT THE BRAIN,SPINAL CORD&NERVES RESULTING IN PARALYSIS

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FACTOR  

CAUSITIVE AGENT IS POLIOVIRUIS SOURCE OF INFECTION IS FAECES & PHARENGEAL SECREATION

AGE BETWEEN 1TO 2 YEARS ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION PERIOD OF INFECTIVITY-7-10 DAYS BEFORE & AFTER ONSET OF SYMPTOMS TRANSMISSION-FAECAL ORAL ROUTE DROPLET INFECTION INCUBATION PERIOD- 7-21 DAYS

CLINICAL FEATURES          

90% ASYMPTOMATIC FEVER HEADACHE DIARRHOEA VOMITING DROWSINESS PAIN WEAKNESS STIFFNESS OF NECK & BACK PARALYSIS OF EFFECTED LIMB

PREVENTION DIETARY MANAGEMENT     

FULL NORMAL DIET HIGH FIBRE, HIGH CALORIE LOW FAT PLENTY OF FLUID PROTIEN,MINERAL & VITAMIN SHOULD BE ADEQUATE

AMOEBIASIS AGENT FACTOR CAUSED BY PATHOGENIC STRAINS OF HISTOLYTICA RESERVOIR OF INFECTION MAN IMMEDIATE SOURCE IS FEASES CARRIERS PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY MAY BE SEVERAL YEARS

HOST FACTOR CAN OCCUR AT ANY AGE NO SEX OR RACIAL DIFFERENCE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR RELATED TO POOR SANITATION& SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS TO CLIMATE INCUBATION PERIOD 2 TO 4 WEEKS OR LONGER

MODE OF TRANSMISSION FEACAL ORAL ROUTE SEXUAL TRANSMISSION VECTOR PREVENTION & CONTROL DIETERY MANAGEMENT NORMAL DIET & EASILY DIGESTABLE SOFT BLAND DIET

HIGH IN FIBRE & ADEQUATE FAT PROTIEN & CARBOHYDRATE

ROUND WORM IT IS AN INTESTINAL INFESTATION . CAUSITIVE ORGANISM ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES

MODE OF TRANAMISSION BY INGESTION OF INFECTED EGGS FROM SOIL CONTAIMINATED WITH HUMAN FEACES SALADS 7 OTHER FOOD EATEN RAW ARE THE COMMON VEHICLES BY CARRIER

INCUBATION PERIOD WORMS REACH MATURITY IN ABOUT 2 MONTHS AFTER THE EGGS ARE INGESTED BY MAN SIGN & SYMPTOMS IRREGULAR RESPIRATION SPASM OF COUGING FEVER ABDOMINAL PAIN VOMITING

RESTLESSNESS DISTURBED SLEEP PREVENTION & CONTROL DIETERY MANAGEMENT EASILY DIGESTIBLE , SOFT BLAND DIET WITH ADEQUATE FIBRE WELL COOKED SOFT & SEMISOLID FOOD

PLENTY OF FLUID LOW FAT HIGH VITAMINS & MINERAL RICH DIET

LATHYRISM IT IS A CRIPPING DISEASE CHARECTERISED BY PARALYSIS OF THE LEG MUSCLE OCCURING IN ADULTS CONSUMING LARGE QUANTITIES OF SEED OF L SATIVUS.

ETIOLOGY L SATIVUS SEED SIGN & SYMPTOMS STAGE FIRST – WEAKNESS OF THE LOWER LIMBS & SPASTICITY OF THE LEG MUSCLE STAGE SECONDFLEXION OF THE KNEES ARE MORE MARKED& INVERSION OF THE FOOT WITH A TENDENCY TO WALK ON TOES

STAGE THIRDSYMPTOMS ARE MORE MARKED SUBJECT CAN WALK ONLY WITH THE HELP OF CRUCHES OR STICK STAGE FOURTHKNEES BECOME COMPLETELY FLEXED & ERECT 7 WALKING BECOME IMPOSSIBLE & ATROPHY OF THIGH & LEFT MUSCLE

PREVENTION DIETERY MANAGEMENT CONSUMPTION OF L .SATIVUS SEED SHOULD BE AVOIDED

ENDEMIC ASCITIS PREVENTION

ERGOT IT IS A FIELD FUNGUS FOOD GRAINS LIKE SORGHUM , WHEAT, BAJRA , RYE HAVE A TENDENCY TO GET INFESTED BY THIS FUNGUS.

SIGN & SYMPTOMS NAUSEA VOMITING GIDDINESS

DROWSINESS PAINFUL CRAMPS IN LIMBS PREVENTION DIETERY MANAGEMENT SYMPTOMATIC DIET SHOULD BE GIVEN WITH AVOIDENCE OF ERGOT

ALATOXIN FUSARIUM TOXIN ASBESTOS NURSING MANAGEMENT SUMMARY & CONCLUSSION