Fisheries And Fish Sp In Sri Lanka
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AQUATIC RESOURCES-
GOOD ANSWER FOR THE FOOD PROBLEM
|
Edible aquatic resourcesy
Animal
y
Plant
Edible aquatic resourcesy
Fish
Marine fish Freshwater fish | Brackish water fish. | |
B.K. Kolita Kamal Jinadasa, Research Officer, Post Harvest Technology Division, NARA.
y
Non fish | |
EDIBLE FISH RESOURCES
|
y y y y y y |
EDIBLE NON FISH RESOURCES
Marine fishy
Balaya Kelawalla Thora Parawa Salaya Mora (Shark) Halmessa
|
Vertebrates y
Amphibians |
y
Turtles
Birds Duck Seru | Diyakawa | |
Brackish water fish Wekkaya Godaya y Anguluwa
y
y
Mammals Mora (shark) Thalmasa (Whales) | Dolphin
y |
Vertebrates Invertebrates
| |
Freshwater fish Tilapia Indian carp y Chinese carp y y
|
EDIBLE PLANT RESOURCES
Invertebrates y
Molluscan Squids /cuttle fish | Octopus | Bivalve
|
Higher plant
|
Lower plant
|
Red algae Brown algae y Green algae y
y
Arthropadians Shrimp Lobsters | Crabs | |
y
Others | |
Beach-de-Mer Echinodermates
y
COMPOSITION
Water
:
60 - 80 %
FISH PRODUCTION-SRI LANKA
Protein
:
12 - 24 %
2004
Highly digestible Protein, Essential amino acid
Lipids
:
0.1- 20 %
Essential & Omega –3 fatty acids.
2005
2006
Near shore fishing (MT)
154,470
63,690
85,860
Deep sea fishing (MT)
98,720
66,710
62,170
Total (MT)
253,190
130,400
148,030
Vitamins A,D, E
Minerals
Na, K, Ca, P
Carbohydrates
Other
Dorsal fin
Lateral line
Eye Operculum
Mouth
Pectoral fin
1. Big eye tuna- Es gedi kelawalla 2. Yellow fin tuna- Kelawalla | 3. Skip jack tuna- Balaya | 4. Stripped bonito- Thora balaya | 5. Frigate tuna- Alagoduwa | 6. Mackerels- kumbalawa | 7. Shark- Mora | 8. Black Marlin- Koppara | 9. Barracuda- Jeela | 10. Sail fish- Thalapatha | 11.Spotted sardinella- Hurulla | 12.Goldstripe sardin- Matta salaya | 13. Malabar grouper- Gal kossa | |
Anal fin
14. Neddlefish- Moralla/Maranda. 15. Silver sillago- Kalanda | 16. Anchovy- Halmessa | 17. Flying fish- Piyamessa | 18. Splendid pony fish- Karalla. | 19. Blue and gold fusilier- Bolla/Ahinbolla | 20. Ribbon fish- Sawalaya | 21. Giant cat fish- Anguluwa | 22. Mackerel fish-Thora | 23. Black tip trevally – Atanagul parava. | 24. Rays- Maduwa. |
EDIBLE MARINE FISH
Pelvic fin
|
Caudal fin
1. BIG EYE TUNA- ES GEDI KELAWALLA o o o o o o
Scientific Name: Thunnus obesus English Name : Big eye tuna Same to the yellow fin tuna. Eye is larger than the yellow fin tuna. Difficult to identify small big eye tuna with others. Dorsal and anal fin small than other tuna.
3. SKIP JACK TUNA- BALAYA
Scientific Name: Katsuwonus pelamis
English Name : Skipjack tuna Body without scales except for the corselet and the lateral line. The back is dark purplish blue, lower sides and belly silvery, with 4 to six very conspicuous longitudinal dark bands which in live specimens may appear as continuous lines of dark blotches. Importance: fisheries, highly commercial.
5. FRIGATE TUNA- ALAGODUWA
2. YELLOW FIN TUNA- KELAWALLA, KENDA, KAHAWARAL KELAWALLA
Scientific Name: Thunnus albacares
English Name : Yellowfin tuna Fish with very long second dorsal fin and anal fin, which in some may reach well over 20% of the FL. Color is black metallic dark blue changing through yellow to silver on the belly. The belly frequently has about 20 broken, nearly vertical lines. The dorsal and anal fins and fin lets are bright yellow. Importance: Fisheries: highly commercial.
4. STRIPPED BONITO- THORA BALAYA Scientific name: Sarda orientalis English name: Striped bonito | Back with narrow oblique stripes. | Mouth moderately large. | Importance: fisheries: minor commercial. | |
6. MACKERELS- KUMBALAWA, MAHA KARA BOLLA.
Scientific Name: Auxis thazard
|
Scientific Name: Rastrelliger kanagurta
|
English Name : Indian mackerel
|
A black spot on body near lower margin of pectoral fin.
|
5 fin lets.
|
Two golden brown dot lines in upper part of the body.
|
Blacks dot near the pectoral fin.
|
Use the Jaddi production, because high fatty content.
|
Importance: fisheries: highly commercial.
English Name : Frigate Tuna Bluish brown above with 15 irregular marking of blue or green back. Silvery or white bellow. At the market sales this fish as a small kelawalla or Balaya.
7. SHARK- MORA | |
Several shark species use as food fish. 1. Hammer head shark- Udalu mora. y y
|
Scientific Name: Sphyrna zygaena Head has a hammer shape.
Silky shark-Jambura mora/ Honda mora Scientific Name: Carcharhinus falciformis Upper part of body dark blue color, lower part of body light color. y Mouth is in lower part of head. y y
|
Milk shark- Kiri Mora. y
9. BARRACUDA- JEELA/ULAWA Scientific name- Sphyraena jello- Jeela English name- Pick handle barracuda | Scientific name- Sphyraena barracuda- Ulawa | English name- Great barracuda | In ulawa dark 5 blotches near anal fin and 18-22 blotches near the lateral line. | In jeela dark line in upper part to lower part. | Some Jeela sp not so good for food. | |
Scientific name: Rhizoprionodon acutus
Shark fins- use of make soup, high price. | Importance: fisheries: commercial. |
Ulawa
10. SAIL FISH- THALAPATHA |
Scientific Name: Istiophorus platypterus
English Name : Indo- Pacific sail fish Upper jaw like spear. | Sail-like first dorsal fin. | Vertically nearly 20 Light blue dot lines in the body. | Importance: fisheries: commercial. | |
11.SPOTTED SARDINELLA- HURULLA |
Two common type 1. Hurulla- Amblygaster sirm.
|
2. Gal Hurulla/Mapola massa- Amblygaster clupeoides
|
Hurulla-
|
y
y
y y |
English name- Spotted sardinella English name- Bleeker's smooth belly sardinella Upper part of body bluish-green color and lower part silver color. Presence of a series of 10 to 20 gold (in life) or black (on preservation) spots down the flank (but sometimes missing).
Gal Hurullay
Comparatively large.
Use for the Jadhi production, because fatty acid content is high. | Importance: Fisheries: commercial |
12.GOLDSTRIPE SARDIN- MATTA SALAYA
13. MALABAR GROUPER- GAL KOSSA Scientific name- Epinephelus sp. English name- Malabar grouper. | Max. size: 31.0 cm TL. | Environment: reef-associated; marine ; depth range 0 - 50 m. | Global Importance: fisheries: commercial. | Flesh is high taste- high price in locally. |
Scientific name- Sardinella gibbosa | English name- Gold stripe sardinella | Body somewhat compressed but variable. | A dark spot at dorsal fin origin. | Max. size: 13.0 cm SL. | Environment: Pelagic; marine ; depth range - 5 m. | Importance: Fisheries: commercial. |
|
14. NEDDLEFISH- MORALLA/MARANDA. Scientific name- Hemiramphus far. | English name- Black barred halfbeak. | Round in cross section. | Greenish dorsally, grading to silvery white ventrally. | Lower jaw longer than the upper jaw. | Max. size: 40.0 cm SL. | Environment: pelagic; brackish; marine ; depth range 10 - 13 m. | Global Importance: Fisheries: commercial.
15. SILVER SILLAGO- KALANDA
|
16. ANCHOVY- HALMESSA Scientific name- Stolephorus commersonii English name- Commerson's anchovy. Body light transparent fleshy brown with a pair of dark Bears a silver stripe on flanks. Max. size: 10.0 cm SL. Environment: pelagic; brackish; marine Global Importance: fisheries: commercial. High market price in locally also.
Scientific name- Sillago sihama English name- Silver sillago. | Body color- silver yellow. | Max. size: 30.0 cm SL. | Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; | brackish; marine ; depth range 0 - 60 m. | Importance: Fisheries: commercial. | |
17. FLYING FISH- PIYAMESSA Scientific name- Cheilopogon suttoni English name- Sutton's flyingfish. | Large pectoral fin help to flying. | Upper part dark blue-green color and lower part light color. | Body round is cross section. | Use the dry fish production. | |
18. SPLENDID PONY FISH- KARALLA/ PENNA Mas karalla
Three coomon pony fish sp.
Hotu Karalla
1. Gazza minuta – Tooth pony- Mas Karalla. 2. Leiognathus equulus- Common pony fish- Hotu Karalla 3. Leiognathus splendens- Splendid pony- Katu. Karalla.
Max. size: 28.0 cm TL. Environment: reef-associated; freshwater; brackish; marine ; depth range 10 - 110 m. Importance: fisheries: minor commercial. Deep-bodied with short rounded snout and large eyes. Body silvery; caudal peduncle with a small brown saddle. Strongly arched back. Protracted mouth pointing downward.
Katu karalla
20. RIBBON FISH- SAWALAYA
19. BLUE AND GOLD FUSILIERBOLLA/AHINBOLLA Scientific name- Caesio caerulaurea English name-Blue and gold fusilier Max. size: 35.0 cm TL. Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marin depth range 5 - 50 m. Importance: Fisheries: commercial and bait. Color: Upper body bluish, lower body white to pale bluish. Golden band from above the eye, running straight along the body to upper caudal peduncle and continuing on the caudal fin to the tip of the upper lobe, becoming near black on the fin. A second similar streak in lower lobe.
Scientific name- Lepturacanthus savala English name- Savalani hairtail. | Depress long body. | Dorsal fin is around all upper body margin. | Body color- Metallic blue. | Teeth very prominent and strong. | |
21. GIANT CAT FISH- ANGULUWA
22. MACKERAL-THORA
Scientific name- Arius sp. English name- Cat fish. Max. size: 65.0 cm TL. Environment: Demersal; brackish; marine. Importance: Fisheries: commercial. Dorsal and pectoral fins with very strong, thick, and coarsely granulated spine. Body with metallic blue luster.
|
|
English name: Indo-Pacific mackerel. Several mackerel sp. y 1. Scomberomorus guttatus-Alu thora/ Anjilawa. y y
2. Scomberomorus commerson- Ahin Thora. 3. Acanthocybium solandri- Sawara
Environment: Pelagic;brackish; marine ; depth range 20 - 90 m. | Importance: Fisheries: highly commercial. High market value in locally, because protein presentation is high. |
23. BLACK TIP TREVALLY – ATANAGUL PARAVA. Scientific name- Caranx heberi Max. size: 85.0 cm TL. Max. published weight: 12.5 kg Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; brackish; marine. Dark bronze to yellow-green above, silvery bronze to yellowish below. Identified by black-tipped caudal fin Importance: fisheries: minor commercial.
Alu thora
Ahin thora
Sawaraya
24. RAYS- MADUWA. Several number's rays sp use as a food fish. y 1. Mobula kuhlii- Laser devil rays-Anga maduwa. y 2. Himantura uarnak – Honey comb sting rays- Koti maduwa | Rays a live ground of the sea, body flattened. | Long tail present lower part body.
FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE
|
HONEYCOMB STINGRAY LASER DEVIL RAY
Water mass type
Quantity/ he
Large irrigation reservoir
70,850
Medium irrigation reservoir
17,004
Minor irrigation reservoir
39,271
Seasonal tanks
10,000
Flood lakes
8,097
Mahaweli basin
22,670
Brackish water deep lagoon
80,000
Brackish water shallow lagoon
40,000
Total
381,941
|
EDIBLE FRESHWATER FISH |
2. Inland freshwater species. |1.
Clarias – Magura Stinging catfish- Hunga |3. Scribbled goby- Weligouwa. |4. Butter cat fish- Walapotta |5. Hong-whiskered cat fish- Anguluwa |2.
There are two category. y 1. Introduced freshwater species. | I. Chinese carp. | 1. Big head carp | 2. Silver carp | 3. Grass carp | II. Indian carp | 1. Catla | 2. Rohu | 3. Mrigal | III. Other | 1. Common carp | 2. Tilapia
2. Silver carp (Ridi carpaya)
1. BIG HEAD CARP (HISA LOKU CARPAYA) Scientific name- Aristichthys nobilis. Introduced from china, 1975. Head is prominent. Max. size: 112 cm TL (male/unsexed). Max. published weight: 21.3 kg. Environment: Benthopelagic; freshwater ; depth range - 5 m. Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years. Introduced to numerous countries and has achieved a near global distribution. Occurs in rivers and lakes. Feeds mainly on zooplankton. Bottom feeding fish.
Scientific name- Hypophthalmichthys molitrix . Introduced from china, 1975 & 1978. | Body olivaceous to silvery. | Max. size: 105 cm TL (male/unsexed). | Max. published weight: 50.0 kg . | Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years. | Environment: Benthopelagic, freshwater ; depth range - 5 m. | Distribution: Asia: China and Eastern Siberia. Introduced around the world for aquaculture. | Feeds on phytoplankton and micro zooplankton. | |
3. Grass carp (Thanakola carpaya)
4. CATLA
Scientific name- Ctenopharyngodon idella . Introduced by China, 1978 & 1980. Max. size: 150 cm TL (male/unsexed). Max. published weight: 50.0 kg Resilience: Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years. Environment: Demersal; freshwater ; depth range - 5 m . Feeds on higher aquatic plants and submerged grasses; takes also detritus, insects and other invertebrates. Mouth is very small, scales large.
5. ROHU Scientific name- Labeo rohita . | Introduced from India, 1981. | Max. size: 200 cm TL (male/unsexed). | Max. published weight: 45.0 kg. | Max. reported age: 10 years. | Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years. | Environment: Benthopelagic; freshwater; depth range - 5 m. | Feeds on plants. | Body red or pink color, scales large. |
Scientific name- Catla catla. Introduced from India, 1981. Max. size: 182 cm TL (male/unsexed). Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years. Environment: Benthopelagic; freshwater; brackish ; depth range - 5 m. Body deep, with depth 2.5 to 3 times in standard length, has a large, upturned mouth , with a prominent protruding lower jaw. Pectoral fins long, extending to pelvic fins; scales conspicuously large .
6. MRIGAL Scientific name- Cirrhinus cirrhosus . Introduced from India, 1981. | Max. size: 100.0 cm SL (male/unsexed). | Max. published weight: 12.7 kg. | Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years. | Environment: Benthopelagic; freshwater; brackish ;depth range - 5 m. | Feeds on plankton, but also grazes on algae. | |
7. COMMON CARP
8. TILAPIA (KORALI)
Scientific name- Cyprinus carpio carpio. Introduced from Singapoer, 1975. Max. size: 120 cm SL (male/unsexed). Max. published weight: 37.3 kg. Max. reported age: 47 years. Resilience: Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 – 14 years. Scales large and thick. Body grey to bronze. They are omnivorous, feeding mainly on aquatic insects, crustaceans, annelids, mollusks, weed and tree seeds, wild rice, aquatic plants and algae; mainly by grubbing in sediments.
Scientific name- Oreochromis mossambicus. Introduced from South Africa, 1951. Max. size: 39.0 cm SL (male/unsexed). Max. published weight: 1,130 g. Resilience: High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months. Environment: Benthopelagic; freshwater; brackish ; depth range - 10 m. Female and non-breeding male silvery with 2-5 mid- lateral blotches and some of a more dorsal series. Breeding male black with white lower parts of head and red margins to dorsal and caudal fins. Omnivorous, feeds on almost anything from algae to insects.
9. CLARIAS – MAGURA Scientific name- Clarias brachysoma . | Common names – Magura, Walking catfish. | Max. size - 50.0 cm TL (male/unsexed). | Max. published weight - 3,630 g . | Environment - Demersal; freshwater. | Abundance - Common (usually seen) . | Climate – Tropical. | Distribution - Endemic to Sri Lanka. | Biology - Inhabits rain forest streams and lowland rivers. Feeds at night on fish, worms, frogs, tadpoles and crustaceans. | Comments - Occurs throughout the wet zone lowlands and the central hill region of the Mahaweli River basin. |
10. STINGING CATFISH- HUNGA Scientific name- Heteropneustes fossilis. Max. size - 30.0 cm TL (male/unsexed). | Environment - Demersal; freshwater; brackish; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0. | Abundance - Common (usually seen). | Distribution - Asia: Pakistan and Sri Lanka to Myanmar. | Found mainly in ponds, ditches, swamps and marshes, but sometimes occurs in muddy rivers. | Can tolerate slightly brackish water. | Omnivorous. | In great demand due to its medicinal value. | |
11. SCRIBBLED GOBY- WELIGOUWA.
12. BUTTER CAT FISH- WALAPOTTA
Scientific name- Glossogobius giuris. | Common names – Bar eyed goby, Weligouva. | Max. size - 50.0 cm SL (male/unsexed). | Environment - Demersal; amphidromous; freshwater; brackish; marine . | Abundance - Common (usually seen). | Distribution – Wide distribution. | Feeds on small insects, crustaceans and small fish. Grows to a much larger size in brackish water than in fresh water. | Cannibalism is relatively common for this species. | The body is brownish yellow with 5 to 6 dark and rounded spots on its sides.
|
EDIBLE ARTHROPODS |
1. Shrimps and prawns species.
|
2. Lobster species.
|
3. Crabs species.
Scientific name- Ompok bimaculatus. Max. size - 45.0 cm SL (male/unsexed). Environment - Demersal; freshwater; brackish. Depth range 0 - 2 m. Abundance - Common (usually seen) . Feeds on vegetable matter, fish, crustaceans and mollusks . Two pairs of barbells. Eyes small, covered by skin.
1. SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS SPECIES. 1. Penaeus semisulcatus- Kola koti issa. | 2. Metapenaeus affinis. | 3. Metapenaeus dobsoni- Nala kaluwa. | 4. Penaeus monodon- Kara andu issa. | 5. Macrobacium rosenbergii- Bandi issa. | 6. Metapenaeus ensis- Gal issa. | 7. Penaeus latisculatus- Kiri issa. | 8. Penaeus indicus- Elissa |
2. METAPENAEUS AFFINIS. Body is grey-green to grey-blue. Size: Maximum length 220mm, commonly 60 - 80mm. | Comparatively small in size. | Found on muddy bottom of less than 90m depth.
1. PENAEUS SEMISULCATUSKOLA KOTI ISSA/ KURUTU ISSA. Maximum length 350mm, commonly 120 - 200mm, comparatively large species. | Habitat: Found on sandy or muddy bottoms up to 150m in depth in lagoon. |
3. METAPENAEUS DOBSONI- NALA KALUWA. Size: Maximum length 300mm,muddy and sandy bottom. Comparatively small in size.
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|
|
|
4. PENAEUS MONODON- KARA ANDU ISSA.
5. MACROBACIUM ROSENBERGII BANDI ISSA.
Color: Body green-brown to dark green with 1 yellow and dark-brown transverse band across each abdominal segment. | Common name- Giant tiger prawn. | Maximum about 270 mm in male and 350 mm in female. | Largest Penaeid species in the world. | Major interest to aquaculture. |
Common name- giant river prawns. In adults 2nd pair of legs very large. | Maximum 340 mm in males and 260 mm in female. | Habitat- freshwater, spawns in brackish water. | |
6. METAPENAEUS ENSIS- GAL ISSA. Body color varies with size from pale brown to bright pink. Juveniles (smaller than 60mm) are grey-green to dark green, while adults (larger than 60mm) are pale brown-yellow. | Maximum length of females 160mm and males 130mm, commonly 70 - 140mm. | Habitat: Found on sandy-mud or muddy bottoms up to 95m in depth. |
8. PENAEUS INDICUS- ELISSA English name- Indian white shrimps. Maximum about 180 mm in males and 230 mm in females. | Major interest to aquaculture. | |
7. PENAEUS LATISCULATUS- KIRI ISSA. Body generally light yellow to pale green. Each abdominal segment has conspicuous dark red lateral blotches. Rostrum and carina dark brown. | Maximum length 190mm, commonly 100 - 160mm. | Found on sandy or gravel bottoms up to 90m in depth. |
|
2. LOBSTER SPECIES. (POKIRISSA) |
Major 6 lobster species present in Sri Lanka. y 1. Panulirus homarus| Sand lobster- Weli Issa y 2. Panulirus longipes. | Duburu bathik Issa y 3. Panulirus ornatus. | Tiger lobster- divi issa. y 4. Panulirus versicolor. | Kola bathik issa. y 5. Panulirus penicillatus. | Gal issa. y 6. Panulirus polyphagus. | Mud lobster- Mada issa.
Panulirus homarus- sand lobster Panulirus versicolor- Kola bathik issa
Panulirus longipes- Dumburu bathik issa Panulirus penicillatus-Gal issa
Panulirus ornatus- Divi issa.
3. CRABS SPECIES. |
Major 3 species are economically important. Scylla serrata- kalapu kakuluwa. Scylla oceania y Nil phinum kakuluwa. y y
Distribute in all lagoons and estuaries in Sri Lanka. Caught by using crab trap. | In Sri Lanka not common in crab culture, only wild caught and crab fattening practices. | Water crabs put in cages and feed till fleshy crabs, within this time weight increase 100-200 g. | Use for making fish feed died one, freshly have high price locally. | |
Portunus pelagicus.
Scylla serrata
EDIBLE MOLLUSCAN SPECIES. Mainly important squids, cuttle fish, octopus and some muscles species. | High price in locally as well as internationally.
OTHER EDIBLE SPECIES
|
Sea cucumber- Muhudu kekiri Very populer in the coastal waters of the North west, North and North east. | It is not consumed in locally, the entire production is exported. | Harvesting is mainly by skin diverse at depth of 2-16 m. | |
|
EDIBLE PLANT SPECIES. |
Freshwater species. y y y y y y
|
Nelum sp. Manel sp. Diya beraliya. Kankun. Kekatiya. Kohila
Marine and brackish water species. Red algae- Glacilaria sp.,Porphyra sp., Gelidium sp., Brown algae- Undaria sp. y Green algae- Ulva sp. y y
|
High nutrition value in aquatic plants. Use to extract some food additives and chemicals. Agar- use Gelidium and Glasilaria sp. Alginic acid- use Kombu and Undaria sp. y Carrageen- use Eucheema sp. y y
Glassilaria sp.
Porphyra sp.
Gelidium sp.
Ulva sp Undaria sp
TURTLES (KESBEWA). Dermochelys coriacea (Leatherback turtle) Eretmochelys imbricata (Hawksbill turtle) | Chelonia mydas (Green turtle) | Caretta caretta (Loggerhead turtle) | Lepidochelys olivaceae ( Mud turtle) | |
ERETMOCHELYS IMBRICATA (HAWKSBILL TURTLE)
DERMOCHELYS CORIACEA (LEATHERBACK TURTLE) |
The leatherback is the largest turtle and the largest living reptile in the world. | Mature males and females can be as long as six and a half feet (2 m) and weigh almost 900 kg. | The leatherback is the only sea turtle that lacks a hard, bony shell. A leatherback's carapace is approximately 1.5 inches (4 cm) thick and consists of leathery, oil saturated connective tissue overlaying loosely interlocking dermal bones.
CHELONIA MYDAS (GREEN TURTLE) Sinhala name- Gal kesbewa, Weli kesbewa, Mas kesbewa. Green turtles are the largest of all the hard-shelled sea turtles, but have a comparatively small head. | Adults can grow to more than 3 feet (0.91 m) long and weigh 136-159 kg. | Adult green turtles are unique among sea turtles in that they are herbivorous, feeding primarily on sea grasses and algae. This diet is thought to give them greenish colored fat, from which they take their name. | |
Sinhala name- Pothu kesbewa, Leli kesbewa, Pana Kesbewa. The hawksbill turtle is small to medium-sized compared to other sea turtle species. Adults weigh 45 to 68 kg on average, but can grow as large as 91 kg. | The carapace has a "tortoiseshell" coloring, ranging from dark to golden brown, with streaks of orange, red, and/or black. | |
Sinhala name- Dara kebewa, Wawul Kesbewa, Thel Kesbewa.
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CARETTA CARETTA (LOGGERHEAD TURTLE)
LEPIDOCHELYS OLIVACEAE ( MUD TURTLE)
Loggerheads were named for their relatively large heads. Mean straight carapace length of adults in the approximately 36 in (92 cm); corresponding weight is about 113 kg.
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Turtles are protected species in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka sign international convenient to protect turtles, nearly 1990 Bonn bills, and 2002 ISOCA bills. | Gazette notification- 1993 wild animal and forest protection notification. | Two organization have to protect turtles with wild animal protection department TCP (Tuttle conversation project), IUCN.
Sinhala name- Batu kesbewa, Mada kesbewa. Comparatively smaller turtle. | The adult carapace is olive-green color. | The head is triangular shapes. |
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THANK YOU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
AQUATIC RESOURCES-
GOOD ANSWER FOR THE FOOD PROBLEM
|
Edible aquatic resourcesy
Animal
y
Plant
Edible aquatic resourcesy
Fish
Marine fish Freshwater fish | Brackish water fish. | |
B.K. Kolita Kamal Jinadasa, Research Officer, Post Harvest Technology Division, NARA.
y
Non fish | |
EDIBLE FISH RESOURCES
|
y y y y y y |
EDIBLE NON FISH RESOURCES
Marine fishy
Balaya Kelawalla Thora Parawa Salaya Mora (Shark) Halmessa
|
Vertebrates y
Amphibians |
y
Turtles
Birds Duck Seru | Diyakawa | |
Brackish water fish Wekkaya Godaya y Anguluwa
y
y
Mammals Mora (shark) Thalmasa (Whales) | Dolphin
y |
Vertebrates Invertebrates
| |
Freshwater fish Tilapia Indian carp y Chinese carp y y
|
EDIBLE PLANT RESOURCES
Invertebrates y
Molluscan Squids /cuttle fish | Octopus | Bivalve
|
Higher plant
|
Lower plant
|
Red algae Brown algae y Green algae y
y
Arthropadians Shrimp Lobsters | Crabs | |
y
Others | |
Beach-de-Mer Echinodermates
y
COMPOSITION
Water
:
60 - 80 %
FISH PRODUCTION-SRI LANKA
Protein
:
12 - 24 %
2004
Highly digestible Protein, Essential amino acid
Lipids
:
0.1- 20 %
Essential & Omega –3 fatty acids.
2005
2006
Near shore fishing (MT)
154,470
63,690
85,860
Deep sea fishing (MT)
98,720
66,710
62,170
Total (MT)
253,190
130,400
148,030
Vitamins A,D, E
Minerals
Na, K, Ca, P
Carbohydrates
Other
Dorsal fin
Lateral line
Eye Operculum
Mouth
Pectoral fin
1. Big eye tuna- Es gedi kelawalla 2. Yellow fin tuna- Kelawalla | 3. Skip jack tuna- Balaya | 4. Stripped bonito- Thora balaya | 5. Frigate tuna- Alagoduwa | 6. Mackerels- kumbalawa | 7. Shark- Mora | 8. Black Marlin- Koppara | 9. Barracuda- Jeela | 10. Sail fish- Thalapatha | 11.Spotted sardinella- Hurulla | 12.Goldstripe sardin- Matta salaya | 13. Malabar grouper- Gal kossa | |
Anal fin
14. Neddlefish- Moralla/Maranda. 15. Silver sillago- Kalanda | 16. Anchovy- Halmessa | 17. Flying fish- Piyamessa | 18. Splendid pony fish- Karalla. | 19. Blue and gold fusilier- Bolla/Ahinbolla | 20. Ribbon fish- Sawalaya | 21. Giant cat fish- Anguluwa | 22. Mackerel fish-Thora | 23. Black tip trevally – Atanagul parava. | 24. Rays- Maduwa. |
EDIBLE MARINE FISH
Pelvic fin
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Caudal fin
1. BIG EYE TUNA- ES GEDI KELAWALLA o o o o o o
Scientific Name: Thunnus obesus English Name : Big eye tuna Same to the yellow fin tuna. Eye is larger than the yellow fin tuna. Difficult to identify small big eye tuna with others. Dorsal and anal fin small than other tuna.
3. SKIP JACK TUNA- BALAYA
Scientific Name: Katsuwonus pelamis
English Name : Skipjack tuna Body without scales except for the corselet and the lateral line. The back is dark purplish blue, lower sides and belly silvery, with 4 to six very conspicuous longitudinal dark bands which in live specimens may appear as continuous lines of dark blotches. Importance: fisheries, highly commercial.
5. FRIGATE TUNA- ALAGODUWA
2. YELLOW FIN TUNA- KELAWALLA, KENDA, KAHAWARAL KELAWALLA
Scientific Name: Thunnus albacares
English Name : Yellowfin tuna Fish with very long second dorsal fin and anal fin, which in some may reach well over 20% of the FL. Color is black metallic dark blue changing through yellow to silver on the belly. The belly frequently has about 20 broken, nearly vertical lines. The dorsal and anal fins and fin lets are bright yellow. Importance: Fisheries: highly commercial.
4. STRIPPED BONITO- THORA BALAYA Scientific name: Sarda orientalis English name: Striped bonito | Back with narrow oblique stripes. | Mouth moderately large. | Importance: fisheries: minor commercial. | |
6. MACKERELS- KUMBALAWA, MAHA KARA BOLLA.
Scientific Name: Auxis thazard
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Scientific Name: Rastrelliger kanagurta
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English Name : Indian mackerel
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A black spot on body near lower margin of pectoral fin.
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5 fin lets.
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Two golden brown dot lines in upper part of the body.
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Blacks dot near the pectoral fin.
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Use the Jaddi production, because high fatty content.
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Importance: fisheries: highly commercial.
English Name : Frigate Tuna Bluish brown above with 15 irregular marking of blue or green back. Silvery or white bellow. At the market sales this fish as a small kelawalla or Balaya.
7. SHARK- MORA | |
Several shark species use as food fish. 1. Hammer head shark- Udalu mora. y y
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Scientific Name: Sphyrna zygaena Head has a hammer shape.
Silky shark-Jambura mora/ Honda mora Scientific Name: Carcharhinus falciformis Upper part of body dark blue color, lower part of body light color. y Mouth is in lower part of head. y y
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Milk shark- Kiri Mora. y
9. BARRACUDA- JEELA/ULAWA Scientific name- Sphyraena jello- Jeela English name- Pick handle barracuda | Scientific name- Sphyraena barracuda- Ulawa | English name- Great barracuda | In ulawa dark 5 blotches near anal fin and 18-22 blotches near the lateral line. | In jeela dark line in upper part to lower part. | Some Jeela sp not so good for food. | |
Scientific name: Rhizoprionodon acutus
Shark fins- use of make soup, high price. | Importance: fisheries: commercial. |
Ulawa
10. SAIL FISH- THALAPATHA |
Scientific Name: Istiophorus platypterus
English Name : Indo- Pacific sail fish Upper jaw like spear. | Sail-like first dorsal fin. | Vertically nearly 20 Light blue dot lines in the body. | Importance: fisheries: commercial. | |
11.SPOTTED SARDINELLA- HURULLA |
Two common type 1. Hurulla- Amblygaster sirm.
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2. Gal Hurulla/Mapola massa- Amblygaster clupeoides
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Hurulla-
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y
y
y y |
English name- Spotted sardinella English name- Bleeker's smooth belly sardinella Upper part of body bluish-green color and lower part silver color. Presence of a series of 10 to 20 gold (in life) or black (on preservation) spots down the flank (but sometimes missing).
Gal Hurullay
Comparatively large.
Use for the Jadhi production, because fatty acid content is high. | Importance: Fisheries: commercial |
12.GOLDSTRIPE SARDIN- MATTA SALAYA
13. MALABAR GROUPER- GAL KOSSA Scientific name- Epinephelus sp. English name- Malabar grouper. | Max. size: 31.0 cm TL. | Environment: reef-associated; marine ; depth range 0 - 50 m. | Global Importance: fisheries: commercial. | Flesh is high taste- high price in locally. |
Scientific name- Sardinella gibbosa | English name- Gold stripe sardinella | Body somewhat compressed but variable. | A dark spot at dorsal fin origin. | Max. size: 13.0 cm SL. | Environment: Pelagic; marine ; depth range - 5 m. | Importance: Fisheries: commercial. |
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14. NEDDLEFISH- MORALLA/MARANDA. Scientific name- Hemiramphus far. | English name- Black barred halfbeak. | Round in cross section. | Greenish dorsally, grading to silvery white ventrally. | Lower jaw longer than the upper jaw. | Max. size: 40.0 cm SL. | Environment: pelagic; brackish; marine ; depth range 10 - 13 m. | Global Importance: Fisheries: commercial.
15. SILVER SILLAGO- KALANDA
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16. ANCHOVY- HALMESSA Scientific name- Stolephorus commersonii English name- Commerson's anchovy. Body light transparent fleshy brown with a pair of dark Bears a silver stripe on flanks. Max. size: 10.0 cm SL. Environment: pelagic; brackish; marine Global Importance: fisheries: commercial. High market price in locally also.
Scientific name- Sillago sihama English name- Silver sillago. | Body color- silver yellow. | Max. size: 30.0 cm SL. | Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; | brackish; marine ; depth range 0 - 60 m. | Importance: Fisheries: commercial. | |
17. FLYING FISH- PIYAMESSA Scientific name- Cheilopogon suttoni English name- Sutton's flyingfish. | Large pectoral fin help to flying. | Upper part dark blue-green color and lower part light color. | Body round is cross section. | Use the dry fish production. | |
18. SPLENDID PONY FISH- KARALLA/ PENNA Mas karalla
Three coomon pony fish sp.
Hotu Karalla
1. Gazza minuta – Tooth pony- Mas Karalla. 2. Leiognathus equulus- Common pony fish- Hotu Karalla 3. Leiognathus splendens- Splendid pony- Katu. Karalla.
Max. size: 28.0 cm TL. Environment: reef-associated; freshwater; brackish; marine ; depth range 10 - 110 m. Importance: fisheries: minor commercial. Deep-bodied with short rounded snout and large eyes. Body silvery; caudal peduncle with a small brown saddle. Strongly arched back. Protracted mouth pointing downward.
Katu karalla
20. RIBBON FISH- SAWALAYA
19. BLUE AND GOLD FUSILIERBOLLA/AHINBOLLA Scientific name- Caesio caerulaurea English name-Blue and gold fusilier Max. size: 35.0 cm TL. Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marin depth range 5 - 50 m. Importance: Fisheries: commercial and bait. Color: Upper body bluish, lower body white to pale bluish. Golden band from above the eye, running straight along the body to upper caudal peduncle and continuing on the caudal fin to the tip of the upper lobe, becoming near black on the fin. A second similar streak in lower lobe.
Scientific name- Lepturacanthus savala English name- Savalani hairtail. | Depress long body. | Dorsal fin is around all upper body margin. | Body color- Metallic blue. | Teeth very prominent and strong. | |
21. GIANT CAT FISH- ANGULUWA
22. MACKERAL-THORA
Scientific name- Arius sp. English name- Cat fish. Max. size: 65.0 cm TL. Environment: Demersal; brackish; marine. Importance: Fisheries: commercial. Dorsal and pectoral fins with very strong, thick, and coarsely granulated spine. Body with metallic blue luster.
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English name: Indo-Pacific mackerel. Several mackerel sp. y 1. Scomberomorus guttatus-Alu thora/ Anjilawa. y y
2. Scomberomorus commerson- Ahin Thora. 3. Acanthocybium solandri- Sawara
Environment: Pelagic;brackish; marine ; depth range 20 - 90 m. | Importance: Fisheries: highly commercial. High market value in locally, because protein presentation is high. |
23. BLACK TIP TREVALLY – ATANAGUL PARAVA. Scientific name- Caranx heberi Max. size: 85.0 cm TL. Max. published weight: 12.5 kg Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; brackish; marine. Dark bronze to yellow-green above, silvery bronze to yellowish below. Identified by black-tipped caudal fin Importance: fisheries: minor commercial.
Alu thora
Ahin thora
Sawaraya
24. RAYS- MADUWA. Several number's rays sp use as a food fish. y 1. Mobula kuhlii- Laser devil rays-Anga maduwa. y 2. Himantura uarnak – Honey comb sting rays- Koti maduwa | Rays a live ground of the sea, body flattened. | Long tail present lower part body.
FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE
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HONEYCOMB STINGRAY LASER DEVIL RAY
Water mass type
Quantity/ he
Large irrigation reservoir
70,850
Medium irrigation reservoir
17,004
Minor irrigation reservoir
39,271
Seasonal tanks
10,000
Flood lakes
8,097
Mahaweli basin
22,670
Brackish water deep lagoon
80,000
Brackish water shallow lagoon
40,000
Total
381,941
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EDIBLE FRESHWATER FISH |
2. Inland freshwater species. |1.
Clarias – Magura Stinging catfish- Hunga |3. Scribbled goby- Weligouwa. |4. Butter cat fish- Walapotta |5. Hong-whiskered cat fish- Anguluwa |2.
There are two category. y 1. Introduced freshwater species. | I. Chinese carp. | 1. Big head carp | 2. Silver carp | 3. Grass carp | II. Indian carp | 1. Catla | 2. Rohu | 3. Mrigal | III. Other | 1. Common carp | 2. Tilapia
2. Silver carp (Ridi carpaya)
1. BIG HEAD CARP (HISA LOKU CARPAYA) Scientific name- Aristichthys nobilis. Introduced from china, 1975. Head is prominent. Max. size: 112 cm TL (male/unsexed). Max. published weight: 21.3 kg. Environment: Benthopelagic; freshwater ; depth range - 5 m. Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years. Introduced to numerous countries and has achieved a near global distribution. Occurs in rivers and lakes. Feeds mainly on zooplankton. Bottom feeding fish.
Scientific name- Hypophthalmichthys molitrix . Introduced from china, 1975 & 1978. | Body olivaceous to silvery. | Max. size: 105 cm TL (male/unsexed). | Max. published weight: 50.0 kg . | Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years. | Environment: Benthopelagic, freshwater ; depth range - 5 m. | Distribution: Asia: China and Eastern Siberia. Introduced around the world for aquaculture. | Feeds on phytoplankton and micro zooplankton. | |
3. Grass carp (Thanakola carpaya)
4. CATLA
Scientific name- Ctenopharyngodon idella . Introduced by China, 1978 & 1980. Max. size: 150 cm TL (male/unsexed). Max. published weight: 50.0 kg Resilience: Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years. Environment: Demersal; freshwater ; depth range - 5 m . Feeds on higher aquatic plants and submerged grasses; takes also detritus, insects and other invertebrates. Mouth is very small, scales large.
5. ROHU Scientific name- Labeo rohita . | Introduced from India, 1981. | Max. size: 200 cm TL (male/unsexed). | Max. published weight: 45.0 kg. | Max. reported age: 10 years. | Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years. | Environment: Benthopelagic; freshwater; depth range - 5 m. | Feeds on plants. | Body red or pink color, scales large. |
Scientific name- Catla catla. Introduced from India, 1981. Max. size: 182 cm TL (male/unsexed). Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years. Environment: Benthopelagic; freshwater; brackish ; depth range - 5 m. Body deep, with depth 2.5 to 3 times in standard length, has a large, upturned mouth , with a prominent protruding lower jaw. Pectoral fins long, extending to pelvic fins; scales conspicuously large .
6. MRIGAL Scientific name- Cirrhinus cirrhosus . Introduced from India, 1981. | Max. size: 100.0 cm SL (male/unsexed). | Max. published weight: 12.7 kg. | Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years. | Environment: Benthopelagic; freshwater; brackish ;depth range - 5 m. | Feeds on plankton, but also grazes on algae. | |
7. COMMON CARP
8. TILAPIA (KORALI)
Scientific name- Cyprinus carpio carpio. Introduced from Singapoer, 1975. Max. size: 120 cm SL (male/unsexed). Max. published weight: 37.3 kg. Max. reported age: 47 years. Resilience: Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 – 14 years. Scales large and thick. Body grey to bronze. They are omnivorous, feeding mainly on aquatic insects, crustaceans, annelids, mollusks, weed and tree seeds, wild rice, aquatic plants and algae; mainly by grubbing in sediments.
Scientific name- Oreochromis mossambicus. Introduced from South Africa, 1951. Max. size: 39.0 cm SL (male/unsexed). Max. published weight: 1,130 g. Resilience: High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months. Environment: Benthopelagic; freshwater; brackish ; depth range - 10 m. Female and non-breeding male silvery with 2-5 mid- lateral blotches and some of a more dorsal series. Breeding male black with white lower parts of head and red margins to dorsal and caudal fins. Omnivorous, feeds on almost anything from algae to insects.
9. CLARIAS – MAGURA Scientific name- Clarias brachysoma . | Common names – Magura, Walking catfish. | Max. size - 50.0 cm TL (male/unsexed). | Max. published weight - 3,630 g . | Environment - Demersal; freshwater. | Abundance - Common (usually seen) . | Climate – Tropical. | Distribution - Endemic to Sri Lanka. | Biology - Inhabits rain forest streams and lowland rivers. Feeds at night on fish, worms, frogs, tadpoles and crustaceans. | Comments - Occurs throughout the wet zone lowlands and the central hill region of the Mahaweli River basin. |
10. STINGING CATFISH- HUNGA Scientific name- Heteropneustes fossilis. Max. size - 30.0 cm TL (male/unsexed). | Environment - Demersal; freshwater; brackish; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0. | Abundance - Common (usually seen). | Distribution - Asia: Pakistan and Sri Lanka to Myanmar. | Found mainly in ponds, ditches, swamps and marshes, but sometimes occurs in muddy rivers. | Can tolerate slightly brackish water. | Omnivorous. | In great demand due to its medicinal value. | |
11. SCRIBBLED GOBY- WELIGOUWA.
12. BUTTER CAT FISH- WALAPOTTA
Scientific name- Glossogobius giuris. | Common names – Bar eyed goby, Weligouva. | Max. size - 50.0 cm SL (male/unsexed). | Environment - Demersal; amphidromous; freshwater; brackish; marine . | Abundance - Common (usually seen). | Distribution – Wide distribution. | Feeds on small insects, crustaceans and small fish. Grows to a much larger size in brackish water than in fresh water. | Cannibalism is relatively common for this species. | The body is brownish yellow with 5 to 6 dark and rounded spots on its sides.
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EDIBLE ARTHROPODS |
1. Shrimps and prawns species.
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2. Lobster species.
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3. Crabs species.
Scientific name- Ompok bimaculatus. Max. size - 45.0 cm SL (male/unsexed). Environment - Demersal; freshwater; brackish. Depth range 0 - 2 m. Abundance - Common (usually seen) . Feeds on vegetable matter, fish, crustaceans and mollusks . Two pairs of barbells. Eyes small, covered by skin.
1. SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS SPECIES. 1. Penaeus semisulcatus- Kola koti issa. | 2. Metapenaeus affinis. | 3. Metapenaeus dobsoni- Nala kaluwa. | 4. Penaeus monodon- Kara andu issa. | 5. Macrobacium rosenbergii- Bandi issa. | 6. Metapenaeus ensis- Gal issa. | 7. Penaeus latisculatus- Kiri issa. | 8. Penaeus indicus- Elissa |
2. METAPENAEUS AFFINIS. Body is grey-green to grey-blue. Size: Maximum length 220mm, commonly 60 - 80mm. | Comparatively small in size. | Found on muddy bottom of less than 90m depth.
1. PENAEUS SEMISULCATUSKOLA KOTI ISSA/ KURUTU ISSA. Maximum length 350mm, commonly 120 - 200mm, comparatively large species. | Habitat: Found on sandy or muddy bottoms up to 150m in depth in lagoon. |
3. METAPENAEUS DOBSONI- NALA KALUWA. Size: Maximum length 300mm,muddy and sandy bottom. Comparatively small in size.
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4. PENAEUS MONODON- KARA ANDU ISSA.
5. MACROBACIUM ROSENBERGII BANDI ISSA.
Color: Body green-brown to dark green with 1 yellow and dark-brown transverse band across each abdominal segment. | Common name- Giant tiger prawn. | Maximum about 270 mm in male and 350 mm in female. | Largest Penaeid species in the world. | Major interest to aquaculture. |
Common name- giant river prawns. In adults 2nd pair of legs very large. | Maximum 340 mm in males and 260 mm in female. | Habitat- freshwater, spawns in brackish water. | |
6. METAPENAEUS ENSIS- GAL ISSA. Body color varies with size from pale brown to bright pink. Juveniles (smaller than 60mm) are grey-green to dark green, while adults (larger than 60mm) are pale brown-yellow. | Maximum length of females 160mm and males 130mm, commonly 70 - 140mm. | Habitat: Found on sandy-mud or muddy bottoms up to 95m in depth. |
8. PENAEUS INDICUS- ELISSA English name- Indian white shrimps. Maximum about 180 mm in males and 230 mm in females. | Major interest to aquaculture. | |
7. PENAEUS LATISCULATUS- KIRI ISSA. Body generally light yellow to pale green. Each abdominal segment has conspicuous dark red lateral blotches. Rostrum and carina dark brown. | Maximum length 190mm, commonly 100 - 160mm. | Found on sandy or gravel bottoms up to 90m in depth. |
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2. LOBSTER SPECIES. (POKIRISSA) |
Major 6 lobster species present in Sri Lanka. y 1. Panulirus homarus| Sand lobster- Weli Issa y 2. Panulirus longipes. | Duburu bathik Issa y 3. Panulirus ornatus. | Tiger lobster- divi issa. y 4. Panulirus versicolor. | Kola bathik issa. y 5. Panulirus penicillatus. | Gal issa. y 6. Panulirus polyphagus. | Mud lobster- Mada issa.
Panulirus homarus- sand lobster Panulirus versicolor- Kola bathik issa
Panulirus longipes- Dumburu bathik issa Panulirus penicillatus-Gal issa
Panulirus ornatus- Divi issa.
3. CRABS SPECIES. |
Major 3 species are economically important. Scylla serrata- kalapu kakuluwa. Scylla oceania y Nil phinum kakuluwa. y y
Distribute in all lagoons and estuaries in Sri Lanka. Caught by using crab trap. | In Sri Lanka not common in crab culture, only wild caught and crab fattening practices. | Water crabs put in cages and feed till fleshy crabs, within this time weight increase 100-200 g. | Use for making fish feed died one, freshly have high price locally. | |
Portunus pelagicus.
Scylla serrata
EDIBLE MOLLUSCAN SPECIES. Mainly important squids, cuttle fish, octopus and some muscles species. | High price in locally as well as internationally.
OTHER EDIBLE SPECIES
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Sea cucumber- Muhudu kekiri Very populer in the coastal waters of the North west, North and North east. | It is not consumed in locally, the entire production is exported. | Harvesting is mainly by skin diverse at depth of 2-16 m. | |
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EDIBLE PLANT SPECIES. |
Freshwater species. y y y y y y
|
Nelum sp. Manel sp. Diya beraliya. Kankun. Kekatiya. Kohila
Marine and brackish water species. Red algae- Glacilaria sp.,Porphyra sp., Gelidium sp., Brown algae- Undaria sp. y Green algae- Ulva sp. y y
|
High nutrition value in aquatic plants. Use to extract some food additives and chemicals. Agar- use Gelidium and Glasilaria sp. Alginic acid- use Kombu and Undaria sp. y Carrageen- use Eucheema sp. y y
Glassilaria sp.
Porphyra sp.
Gelidium sp.
Ulva sp Undaria sp
TURTLES (KESBEWA). Dermochelys coriacea (Leatherback turtle) Eretmochelys imbricata (Hawksbill turtle) | Chelonia mydas (Green turtle) | Caretta caretta (Loggerhead turtle) | Lepidochelys olivaceae ( Mud turtle) | |
ERETMOCHELYS IMBRICATA (HAWKSBILL TURTLE)
DERMOCHELYS CORIACEA (LEATHERBACK TURTLE) |
The leatherback is the largest turtle and the largest living reptile in the world. | Mature males and females can be as long as six and a half feet (2 m) and weigh almost 900 kg. | The leatherback is the only sea turtle that lacks a hard, bony shell. A leatherback's carapace is approximately 1.5 inches (4 cm) thick and consists of leathery, oil saturated connective tissue overlaying loosely interlocking dermal bones.
CHELONIA MYDAS (GREEN TURTLE) Sinhala name- Gal kesbewa, Weli kesbewa, Mas kesbewa. Green turtles are the largest of all the hard-shelled sea turtles, but have a comparatively small head. | Adults can grow to more than 3 feet (0.91 m) long and weigh 136-159 kg. | Adult green turtles are unique among sea turtles in that they are herbivorous, feeding primarily on sea grasses and algae. This diet is thought to give them greenish colored fat, from which they take their name. | |
Sinhala name- Pothu kesbewa, Leli kesbewa, Pana Kesbewa. The hawksbill turtle is small to medium-sized compared to other sea turtle species. Adults weigh 45 to 68 kg on average, but can grow as large as 91 kg. | The carapace has a "tortoiseshell" coloring, ranging from dark to golden brown, with streaks of orange, red, and/or black. | |
Sinhala name- Dara kebewa, Wawul Kesbewa, Thel Kesbewa.
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CARETTA CARETTA (LOGGERHEAD TURTLE)
LEPIDOCHELYS OLIVACEAE ( MUD TURTLE)
Loggerheads were named for their relatively large heads. Mean straight carapace length of adults in the approximately 36 in (92 cm); corresponding weight is about 113 kg.
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Turtles are protected species in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka sign international convenient to protect turtles, nearly 1990 Bonn bills, and 2002 ISOCA bills. | Gazette notification- 1993 wild animal and forest protection notification. | Two organization have to protect turtles with wild animal protection department TCP (Tuttle conversation project), IUCN.
Sinhala name- Batu kesbewa, Mada kesbewa. Comparatively smaller turtle. | The adult carapace is olive-green color. | The head is triangular shapes. |
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