Water & Ice Final

Aim & Objectives Better understanding the establishment of the status of water quality in the Sri Lanka. € A comprehensive report & a database mapping out the situation & planning strategic actions to improve upon the situation where needed. € Study the contribution of polluted water to post harvest quality losses of fish & recommendation for minimize the loss. € Reducing of the risk of spreading water-borne diseases through contaminated water. €

Hikkaduwa

Mirissa Puranawelle

Sampling Location Water source

Tube well

Dug well

Municipal water

Water from storage tanks

Open plastic tank

Open cement tank

Covered cement tank

Sampling Location Water use for ice production

Multi channel

Water to loosen the ice block.

Sampling Location Flake ice after production, block ice and block ice after crushing.

Block ice

Block ice after crushing

flake ice

Sampling Location Ice after transport.

Nylon bags

Saw dust

plastic boxes

Sampling Location Sea water

Fish offal

washing the fish

Sampling Location Tap water at harbour

From a tap

from a hose

Sampling Location Ice and water from fish processing plant

The database

Data base

Results: Ice production Percentage of samples from ice processing plants that fulfil Sri Lanka microbiology standards 100 90 80

Percentage

70 60

53.3%

50 40

30%

30

15.8%

20

9.1% 10

4%

10.5% 0%

0 tap w ater f or ice

tube w ell f or ice

dug w ell f or w ater used ice f or ice block

ice pool w ater

Ice f rom plants

Ice af ter transport

Results: Ice production Percentage of samples that did not fulfil Sri Lanka microbiology standards for E. coli and for total count at 22° C 100 90 80 Percentage

70

Samples containing E. coli

60 50

Total count that excess Sri Lanka mircobiology

40 30 20 10 0 tap water for ice

tube dug well water ice pool Ice from well for for ice used for water plants ice ice block

Percentage of samples that are contaminated with E. coli in ice production. Tube well 52.6% (19) Dug Well 90.9% (11)

Tap water 6.7% (15)

Water used for ice 67.3 % (55)

Ice pool water 84.0 % (25)

Block ice in blocks 70.8% (24)

Block ice after crushing 83.3% (24)%

Ice from plants (flake ice and block ice) 92.6 % (54)

Ice after transport 100% (12)

Flake ice 66.7 % (6)

Ice for fish is contaminated at many points during the ice processing €

Conclusions: y Water sources

€

Suggestions: y Closing wells and

improve wells y Ice pool water

y Clean pool water y Clean sacks for

y Transport of ice

ice y Awerness

program for personel

Results: Water in harbours

P ercen tag e

Percentage of water samples in harbours and at sea that contains E. coli 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Harbour sea water

Ofshore sea water

tap water for harbours

tube well for harbours

dug well for harbours

Contamination in water and ice in harbours Harbour

Fresh water

Ice

Sea water

Beruwala

++++

++++

++++

Chilaw

++++

++++

++++

Colombo

++

++

++++

Galle

++

++

++++

Hambantota

0

++

++++

Hikkaduwa

++

++++

++++

++++

++++

++++

OK

++++

++++

Moratuwa

++++

++++

++++

Negombo

OK

++++

++++

Panadura

++++

++++

0

++

++++

++++

++++

++++

++++

Kalpitiya Mirissa

Purenawelle Tangalle

++++=100% unqualified

Water at harbours site €

Conclusions: y Fresh water is not

accessible y Water sources

contaminated

€

Suggestions: y Water access should

be improved y Closing wells and

improve wells

y Seawater highly

y Educate fishermen,

contaminated

inform danger of using sea water

Results: Fish handling €

Samples of skipjack tuna y At sea y Before washing at harbour y After washing at harbour y At market

Other samples Harbour seawater, offshore water, ice and swab samples of fish hold and deck Data base

Results: Fish handling Trip number

Type of boat

Time of harvest

Time in ice Landing site

Method of harvesting

1

Multi day boat

5-9 am

8 days

Hambantota

Iced after all the nets have been harvested

2

One day boat

6-9 am

4 hours

Tangalle

Iced after all the nets have been harvested

3

One day boat

11-12 pm

0

Kudawella

No iced, 4 hours at insitu temperature

4

Multi day boat

4-6 am

15 days

Tangalle

Iced after all the nets have been harvested

5

Multi day boat

2-6 am

7 days

Hambantota

Iced after all the nets have been harvested

6

Multi day boat

4-6 am

9 days

Kudawella

Iced after few minutes and covered with bags before icing

Harbour sea water E.coli per 100 ml in offshore seawater

E. coli per 100 ml in harbour seawater

1600 1400 1400

1300

num ber per 100 m l

1200 1000 730

800 600 430 400

290

200 0

0

0

35

88 1

0

0 Hambantota (trip 1)

Tangalle (trip 2)

Kudawella (trip 3)

Tangalle (trip 4)

Hambantota (trip 5) Kudawella (trip 6)

Results: Fish handling Swab samples 6,0

Log number/square cm

5,5 5,0

1 day (trip 2) 1 day (trip 3)

4,5

7 days (trip 5)

4,0

8 days (trip 1) 9 days (trip 6)

3,5

15 days (trip 4)

3,0 2,5 2,0 Fish at Sea

Fish at Harbour Fish at Harbour Fish at Market before washing after washing

Number of bacteria in swab sample taken from the fish surface

Results: Fish handling Flesh samples 7

Log number/g

6

1 day (trip 2)

5

1 day (trip 3) 7 days (trip 5)

4

8 days (trip 1) 9 days (trip 6)

3

15 days (trip 4)

2

1 Fish at Sea

Fish at Harbour before washing

Fish at Harbour after washing

Number of bacteria in flesh samples

Fish at Market

Results: Fish handling Histamine in one day and multi day boats 2000

1800

1600

1400

mg/kg

1200

1 day (trip 2) 1 day (trip 3) 7 days (trip 5) 8 days (trip 1) 9 days (trip 6) 15 days (trip 4)

1000

800

600

Maximum level 500 mg/kg

400

200

0 Fish at Sea

Fish at Harbour before washing

Fish at Market

Fish is contaminated at many points during handling process €

Conclusions: y Ice is contaminated

€

Suggestions: y Improve ice

y Methods of harvesting

y Educate fishermen

y Washing in harbour

y Improve regulation

y Storage method

y Fish should be on ice

from harvest to market

Conclusions The best way to improve this serious situation in the fisheries sector is to implement regulation for ice production and fish handling € The only way to follow up such regulation is to monitor the situation regularly by governmental authorities and use enforcement if necessary €

We are very special thanks to Icelandic International Development Agency (ICEDA), to funded this project.