PROJECT ON CISCO An era that fostered Communication Globally A Brief History Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner, a married couple who worked as computer operations staff at Stanford University, later joined by Richard Troiano, founded cisco Systems in 1984. Lerner moved on to direct computer services at Schlumberger, moving full time to Cisco in 1987. The name "Cisco" was derived from the city name, San Francisco, which is why the company's engineers insisted on using the lower case 'cisco' in the early days. For Cisco's first product, Bosack adapted multiple-protocol router software originally written some years before by William Bosack attended La Salle College School in Wyndmoor, Yeager, another Stanford employee who later High Pennsylvania, where he graduated in joined Sun Microsystems. 1969. He then entered the The Wharton School at the University of Leonard Bosack is, with his ex-wife Sandra Pennsylvania, where he obtained his Lerner, co-founder of Cisco Systems. bachelor's degree in 1973. After graduation, he worked at Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), where he was involved in projects relating to 36-bit systems. In 1979, Bosack left DEC for Stanford University, where he obtained a master’s degree in computer science in 1981. There, he met and married graduate student Sandra Lerner in 1980.
Cisco Systems founders Len Bosack and his then-wife, Sandra Lerner, are credited with making major design enhancements to one of the technologies that makes the Internet possible—the router. Bosack, Lerner, and the Stanford colleagues who helped them didn’t invent the first router. That credit goes to William Yeager, a Stanford Medical School engineer, who wrote the software to drive a specialized computer controlled by an Internetwork Operating System (IOS). Bosack and his group took the original router code, enhanced the design, and capitalized on it, creating the first commercially successful router. According to Cisco's company legend, Bosack, who managed the computer science department’s computers, and Lerner, who managed the computer system for the Graduate School of Business, worked at opposite ends of Stanford University campus. They could send e-mail MANAGERIAL PROCESS SKILLS
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messages back and forth using the campus Local Area Network (LAN), but their two computers, which ran on different operating systems, could not communicate directly. Using an updated version of an IMP (with a networking board designed by future Sun Microsystems founder Andy Bechtolsheim), Bosack, Lerner, and two Stanford staff members ran network cables between the buildings and connected them.
Type
Public (NASDAQ: CSCO)
San Francisco, California, USA Founded Len Bosack's business (1984) card, ca. 1984.
In fact, both systems (SU-SCORE and SU-GSB) were TOPS-20 systems. The problem was not that theHeadquarte systems were incompatible (obviously, being the same, they weren't) but that the SUGSB system rs was originallySan not Jose, on anyCA network. During the networking process, Bosack and Lerner’s team improved the connectivity of the John Chambers, and networks, computer systems, and original device so that it T. worked betterChairman with unrelated Key people protocols. Pretty soon, CEO word got out, and other universities began asking for these new, improved devices, which were called multiprotocol routers. Bosack and Lerner realized the commercial networking potential Industry of the new Computer development and went to Stanford to propose selling the routers commercially. Because Stanford is a nonprofit organization, it could not enter into a commercial billion USD (Atthe market venture, and therefore it$87.65 declined and forbade group from selling the technology. Market cap
close the on January 2009) enhancements. It later claimed Bosack and Stanford has also disputed value of 30, Bosack’s others had usurped its design and improperly profited from the routers. Rather than litigate, in Revenue ▲$39.540 billionsoftware USD (2008) April 1987, Stanford licensed the router and two computer boards to Cisco in exchange for $19,300 in cash, $150,000 in royalties, product discounts, and support and the right to use Operating other Cisco product improvements made after ▲ $9.442 billion USD Bosack (2008) left Stanford. [1]
income
Net income ▲ $8.052 billion USD (2008) Employees 66,050 (2008) Website
http://www.cisco.com
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By the end of 1984, Bosack and Lerner had formed Cisco Systems and begun manufacturing routers in their living room. Cisco was named after the city San Francisco. In 1986, Bosack resigned from Stanford amid allegations of impropriety to work 28 February 2009
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at Cisco full time. That year, Bosack and Lerner received funding of $2.5 million from Sequoia Capital after 77 unsuccessful proposals to other venture capitalists. Between 1984 and 1992, Cisco grew an average rate of 200% per year with little or no advertising. On August 28, 1990, the management team fired Lerner; upon hearing the news, Bosack resigned to show his support. The two immediately sold their shares in Cisco for an estimated $170 million. The following year, Bosack founded his own company XKL, in Redmond, Washington, where he works today. He has ties to SETI, an organization devoted to the "Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence".
One of the many buildings on the Cisco Systems campus in San Jose
In 1990, the company was listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange. Lerner was fired and because of that, Bosack quit but not before receiving $200 million. Most of those profits were given to charities and the two later divorced. Cisco acquired a variety of companies to bring in talent and innovation into the company. Several acquisitions, such as Stratacom, were the biggest deals when they happened. During the Internet boom in 1999, the company acquired Cerent Corp., a start-up company located in Petaluma, California, for about US$7 billion. It was the most expensive acquisition made by Cisco at that time. Since then, only Cisco's acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta has been bigger. Although not every acquisition is successful, Cisco has more frequently succeeded in integrating and growing the revenue of its acquisitions than its competitors. Several acquired companies have grown into $1Bn+ business units for Cisco in LAN switching, Enterprise VOIP, and home networking. In late March 2000, at the height of the dot-com boom, Cisco was the most valuable company in the world, with a market capitalization of more than US$500 billion. In January 2009, with a market cap of about US$93 billion, it is still one of the most valuable companies. CISCO was voted stock of the decade on NASDAQ. The company's 7500 Series router was MANAGERIAL PROCESS SKILLS
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voted 3rd in the product of the decade 1990-2000 behind the Mosaic web browser and the Novell LAN manager. Training Courses IP Communications Routing and Switching Security Wireless/Mobility Learning Locator Training Search Tool Self-Study Options Partner Education Connection Cisco Press Learning Partner Programs Find a Global Learning Partner Staff Development & Education Advanced Services Education
Cisco has made inroads into many network equipment markets outside routing, including Ethernet switching, remote access, branch office routers, ATM networking, security, IP telephony, and others. In 2003, Cisco acquired Linksys, a popular manufacturer of computer networking hardware and positioned it as a leading brand for the home and end user networking market.The company's first two CEOs are John Morgridge and John Chambers (active). The Corporate Headquarters is on East Tasman Drive in San Jose, California, between Zanker Road and Cisco Way. The company was a 2002-03 recipient of the Ron Brown Award. Cisco's vision is "Changing the Way We Work, Live, Play and Learn." Cisco's current tagline is "Welcome to the human network." PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
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Acquisition Acquisition date
Value Company
Business
Country
(USD)
December 8, LightStream 1994
LAN switching
United States
$120,000,00 0
August 10, 1995
Remote desktop software
United States
$114,200,00 0
September 6, Internet Junction 1995
Gateway
United States
$5,500,000
January 23, 1996
Web applications
United States
$115,000,00 0
April 22, 1996 StrataCom
LAN switching
United States
$4,000,000,0 00
July 22, 1996 Telebit
Modems
United States
$200,000,00 0
LAN switching
United States
$100,000,00 0
September 3, Granite Systems 1996
Computer networking
United States
$220,000,00 0
October 14, 1996
Network simulation
United States
$79,000,000
August 6, 1996
Combinet
TGV Software
Nashoba Networks
Netsys Technologies
June 9, 1997 Skystone Systems June 24, 1997 March 11, 1998 May 4, 1998
Synchronous optical networking
Canada
$66,500,000
Global Internet Software Group
Firewall
United States
$40,250,000
Precept Software
Internet television
United States
$84,000,000
CLASS Data Systems
Computer networking
United States
$50,000,000
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July 28, 1998 Summa Four
LAN switching
United States
$116,000,00 0
August 21, 1998
American Internet
Computer networking
United States
$56,000,000
October 14, 1998
Selsius Systems
Voice over Internet Protocol
United States
$145,000,00 0
Synchronous optical networking
United States
$126,000,00 0
Voice over Internet Protocol
United States
$2,000,000,0 00
Voice over Internet Protocol
United States
$170,000,00 0
December 2, Pipelinks 1998 April 13, 1999
GeoTel Communications
April 28, 1999 Amteva Technologies June 17, 1999
TransMedia Communications
Gateways
United States
$407,000,00 0
June 29, 1999
StratumOne Communications
Synchronous optical networking
United States
$435,000,00 0
November 9, Aironet Wireless 1999 Communications
Wireless LAN
United States
$799,000,00 0
November 11, 1999
V-Bits
Digital video
United States
$128,000,00 0
December 16, 1999
Worldwide Data Systems
Information technology United consulting States
$25,500,000
December 17, 1999
Internet Engineering Group
Synchronous optical networking
United States
$25,000,000
December 20, 1999
Pirelli Optical Systems
Fiber-optic communication
United States
$2,150,000,0 00
January 19, 2000
Compatible Systems
Virtual private networking
United States
$317,000,00 0
January 19, 2000
Altiga Networks
Virtual private networking
United States
$250,000,00 0
Chipsets
United States
$355,000,00 0
February 16, Growth Networks 2000 March 1, 2000 March 16,
Alantech Technologies
Network management
JetCell
Mobile telephones
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Scotland United
$180,000,00 0 $200,000,00 Page 5
2000
States
0
March 16, 2000
infoGear Technology
Information management
United States
$301,000,00 0
March 29, 2000
SightPath
Content delivery
United States
$800,000,00 0
LAN switching
United States
$118,000,00 0
April 12, 2000 Seagull Semiconductor Computer networking
United States
$19,000,000
June 5, 2000 HyNEX
Internet access
United States
$127,000,00 0
July 7, 2000
LAN switching
United States
$210,000,00 0
July 11, 2000 AuroraNetics
Computer networking
United States
$150,000,00 0
July 25, 2000 Komodo Technology
Voice over Internet Protocol
United States
$175,000,00 0
NuSpeed Internet Systems
iSCSI
United States
$450,000,00 0
August 1, 2000
IPmobile
Mobile software
United States
$425,000,00 0
August 31, 2000
PixStream
Media player (application software)
United States
$369,000,00 0
September 28, 2000
IPCell Technologies
Voice over Internet Protocol
United States
$200,000,00 0
September 28, 2000
Vovida Networks
Voice over Internet Protocol
United States
$169,000,00 0
November 13, 2000
Radiata
Wireless networking
United States
$295,000,00 0
December 14, 2000
ExiO Communications
Wireless networking
United States
$155,000,00 0
Virtual private networks
United States
$181,000,00 0
Computer networking
United States
$100,000,00 0
April 11, 2000 PentaCom
July 27, 2000
Netiverse
July 27, 2001 Allegro Systems May 1, 2002
Hammerhead Networking
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May 1, 2002
Navarro Networks
July 25, 2002 AYR Networks
Computer networking
United States
$73,000,000
Computer networking
United States
$113,000,00 0
August 20, 2002
Andiamo Systems
Data storage
United States
$2,500,000,0 00
October 22, 2002
Psionic Software
Intrusion detection
United States
$12,000,000
January 24, 2003
Okena
Intrusion detection
United States
$154,000,00 0
March 19, 2003
SignalWorks
Echo cancellation
United States
$13,500,000
March 20, 2003
Linksys
Computer networking
United States
$500,000,00 0
November 12, 2003
Latitude Communications
Web conferencing
United States
$80,000,000
March 12, 2004
Twingo Systems
Computer security
United States
$5,000,000
March 22, 2004
Riverhead Networks
Computer security
United States
$39,000,000
June 17, 2004 Procket Networks
Routers
United States
$89,000,000
June 29, 2004 Actona Technologies
Data storage
United States
$82,000,000
July 8, 2004
Parc Technologies
Routers
United States
$9,000,000
August 23, 2004
P-Cube
Service Delivery Platform
United States
$200,000,00 0
September 13, 2004
dynamicsoft
Communication software
United States
$55,000,000
December 9, BCN Systems 2004
Routers
United States
$34,000,000
December 20, 2004
Network security
United States
$65,000,000
Protego Networks
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LAN switching
United States
$250,000,00 0
April 26, 2005 Sipura Technology
Voice over Internet Protocol
United States
$68,000,000
June 27, 2005 Netsift
Computer networking
United States
$30,000,000
July 22, 2005 KISS Technology
Entertainment technology
United States
$61,000,000
July 26, 2005 Sheer Networks
Service management
United States
$97,000,000
April 14, 2005
Topspin Communications
September 30, 2005
Nemo Systems
Computer networking
United States
$12,500,000
November 18, 2005
Scientific-Atlanta
Digital cable
United States
$6,900,000,0 00
November 29, 2005
Cybertrust
Information gathering
United States
$14,000,000
March 7, 2006
SyPixx Networks
Surveillance
United States
$51,000,000
June 8, 2006 Metreos
Voice over Internet Protocol
United States
$28,000,000
June 8, 2006 Audium
Voice over Internet Protocol
United States
$19,800,000
July 6, 2006
Computer security
United States
$43,700,000
Meetinghouse
August 21, 2006
Arroyo Video Solutions Video on demand
United States
$92,000,000
October 25, 2006
Orative
Mobile software
United States
$31,000,000
January 4, 2007
Ironport
Computer security
United States
$830,000,00 0
March 15, 2007
WebEx
Web conferencing
United States
$3,200,000,0 00
October 23, 2007
Navini Networks
Wireless LAN
United States
$330,000,00 0
November 1, Securent 2007 MANAGERIAL PROCESS SKILLS
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28 February 2009 United
$100,000,00 0 Page 8
April 8, 2008 Nuova Systems, Inc. June 10, 2008 DiviTech A/S
Computer networking management
United Denmark
September 19, 2008
Jabber
January 27, 2009
Richards-Zeta Building Building Intelligence Intelligence
Presence
$678,000,00 0 —
United States
—
United States
—
CISCO PARTNER Accelerate your time-to-opportunity by joining the strongest team in networking. Whether you provide products, services, or solutions, a partnership with Cisco is a major step forward in ensuring your continued business success. By becoming a Cisco partner, you can: •
Gain credibility: Capitalize on the Cisco brand, which commands recognition and respect in the marketplace.
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Acquire credentials: Market your certified Cisco expertise as a competitive differentiator to customers.
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Catch the momentum: Join the value-add partner program that is setting the pace in the industry.
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References •
Harvard Business Review,2007 June ,pg 121.
•
Michael J.Martin, “Understanding the Network”, 2000, Techmedia.
•
Vishal Nagraj, “Team Leader”, 2004,Hathway Cables & Datacom.
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_acquisitions_by_Cisco_Systems
•
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products
•
http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/index.html
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco
•
http://www.cisco.com/web/partners/index.html
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