Figurative Language Notes
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Terms to know for the Kansas Reading Assessment (R.1.3.4) – Grades 6-12
Figurative Language Term
Analogy
Definition Comparison between two things that have something in common, often used to help explain something or make it easier to understand *Reader’s knowledge about one concept being compared usually helps them better understand a new or unfamiliar concept
Metaphor
Direct comparison between two unlike things (does not use the words “like” or “as”) *Reader usually has knowledge of both things being compared
Simile
Compares two unlike things using the words “like” or “as” *Reader usually has knowledge of both things being compared
Examples At the start of the school day, students behave like computers in the lab booting-up at different speeds. War is like a football game. It is won by going through, around, or over the opposing team’s battle lines. Life is a game of chance. Carrie was a wall, bouncing every volleyball back over the net. Time is like a river. The snow was like a blanket covering the lawn.
Hyperbole
An exaggerated statement used to make a point; often humorous
My date last night was the most beautiful girl in the world.
Idiom
Peculiar expressions or sayings that are common to native speakers of a particular language
Grandma kicked the bucket.
The use of words that describe the five senses to create a mental picture of something
The crunch of the orange and yellow leaves alerted us to his approach.
Use of words that sound like what they describe
Hum, gurgle, hiss, rustle
Imagery
Onomatopoeia
You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.
The fire crackled and the popcorn popped.
Personification
Symbolism
The pig sang his favorite song Giving human traits (qualities, feelings, action, or characteristics) and popped bubbles as he to non-living objects (things, colors, soaked in the tub. qualities, or ideas) Something concrete that stands for something else, such as an idea or emotion
When he saw the flag, he felt safe. (The flag symbolizes patriotism and love of country.)
Sources: Buehl, D. Classroom Strategies for Interactive Learning. International Reading Association (2001). Burke, J., Klemp, R. Reader’s Handbook: Student Guide for Reading and Learning. Great Source/Houghton Mifflin (2002). Shared by Kristi Orcutt, [email protected]; adapted from a resource provided by KSDE
Figurative Language Term
Analogy
Definition Comparison between two things that have something in common, often used to help explain something or make it easier to understand *Reader’s knowledge about one concept being compared usually helps them better understand a new or unfamiliar concept
Metaphor
Direct comparison between two unlike things (does not use the words “like” or “as”) *Reader usually has knowledge of both things being compared
Simile
Compares two unlike things using the words “like” or “as” *Reader usually has knowledge of both things being compared
Examples At the start of the school day, students behave like computers in the lab booting-up at different speeds. War is like a football game. It is won by going through, around, or over the opposing team’s battle lines. Life is a game of chance. Carrie was a wall, bouncing every volleyball back over the net. Time is like a river. The snow was like a blanket covering the lawn.
Hyperbole
An exaggerated statement used to make a point; often humorous
My date last night was the most beautiful girl in the world.
Idiom
Peculiar expressions or sayings that are common to native speakers of a particular language
Grandma kicked the bucket.
The use of words that describe the five senses to create a mental picture of something
The crunch of the orange and yellow leaves alerted us to his approach.
Use of words that sound like what they describe
Hum, gurgle, hiss, rustle
Imagery
Onomatopoeia
You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.
The fire crackled and the popcorn popped.
Personification
Symbolism
The pig sang his favorite song Giving human traits (qualities, feelings, action, or characteristics) and popped bubbles as he to non-living objects (things, colors, soaked in the tub. qualities, or ideas) Something concrete that stands for something else, such as an idea or emotion
When he saw the flag, he felt safe. (The flag symbolizes patriotism and love of country.)
Sources: Buehl, D. Classroom Strategies for Interactive Learning. International Reading Association (2001). Burke, J., Klemp, R. Reader’s Handbook: Student Guide for Reading and Learning. Great Source/Houghton Mifflin (2002). Shared by Kristi Orcutt, [email protected]; adapted from a resource provided by KSDE
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