Female Reproductive Organs

ANATOMI REPRODUKSI WANITA ALIA ANDRIANY

S2 BIOMEDIK FISIOLOGI PROGRAM PASCASARJANA UNHAS

Female reproductive system The female reproductive organs, or genitalia, are divided into external and internal organs. External genitalia (vulva) The external genitalia are known collectively as the vulva It consists of the mons pubic, labia majora and labia minora, the clitoris, the vaginal orifice, the vestibule, and breasts

Labia majora  These are the two large folds forming the boundary of the vulva.  They are composed of skin, fibrous tissue and fat and contain large numbers of sebaceous glands.  Anteriorly the folds join in front of the symphysis pubis, and posteriorly they merge with the skin of the perineum.  At puberty, hair grows on the mons pubis and on the lateral surfaces of the labia majora.

Labia minora These are two smaller folds of skin between the labia majora, containing numerous sebaceous glands. The cleft between the labia minora is the vestibule. – covered with smooth, hairless skin

Clitoris The clitoris corresponds to the penis in the male and contains sensory nerve endings and erectile tissue.

Hymen The hymen is a thin layer of mucous membrane that partially occludes the opening of the vagina. It is normally incomplete to allow for passage of menstrual flow.

Vestibule & Vestibular glands The vagina, urethra and ducts of the greater vestibular glands open into the vestibule. The vestibular glands (Bartholin's glands) are situated one on each side near the vaginal opening They secrete mucus that keeps the vulva moist.

Perineum The perineum is the area extending from the base of the labia minora to the anal canal. It is roughly triangular and consists of connective tissue, muscle and fat. • An episiotomy is an incision of the perinium used during childbirth for widening the vaginal opening

PERINEUM

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BREAST •

Organs of sexual arousal

• •

Contain mammary glands Each breast contain 15-25 clusters called lobes Each lobule is connected by ducts that open into the nipples The nipples are made up of erectile tissue The pigmented around the nipples are called the areola

• • •

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Organs of Female Reproductive System

• • • •

Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Vagina

The Ovaries

OVARIES • The female gonads or sex glands • They develop and expel an ovum each month • A woman is born with approximately 400,000 immature eggs called follicles • During a lifetime a woman release @ 400 to 500 fully matured eggs for fertilization • The follicles in the ovaries produce the female sex hormones, progesterone and estrogen • These hormones prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg UNIT 3: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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Oogenesis OOGENESIS • Also called ovum production • Begins before birth • Accelerates at puberty • Ends at menopause

VIDEO

UTERINE TUBE • • • •

Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the uterus Are the site of fertilization by the male sperm Often referred to as the oviducts or uterine tubes Fertilized egg takes approximately 6 to 10 days to travel through the fallopian tube to implant in the uterine lining

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 The uterus is a hollow muscular pear-shaped organ, flattened anteroposteriorly.  It lies in the pelvic cavity between the urinary bladder and the rectum.

When the body is upright, the uterus lies in an almost horizontal position. It is about 7.5 cm long, 5 cm wide and its walls are about 2.5 cm thick. It weighs from 30 to 40 grams. The parts of the uterus are the fundus, body and cervix:

Uterus

VAGINA • • • • • • •

The vagina connects the cervix to the external genitals It is located between the bladder and rectum It functions : As a passageway for the menstrual flow For uterine secretions to pass down through the introitus As the birth canal during labor With the help of two Bartholin’s glands becomes lubricated during SI

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Response Sexual Cycle • • • •

Excitement phase Plateau Phase Orgasm Phase Resolution Phase

Master & Johnson

Female Sexual Response Cycle

Erection of Clitoris

Sexual Response (cont.)

Fig. 6.6a Major changes in the external female genitals during the sexual response cycle.

Sexual Response (cont.)

Fig. 6.6b Major changes in the external female genitals during the sexual response cycle.

Sexual Response (cont.)

Fig. 6.6c Major changes in the external female genitals during the sexual response cycle.

Sexual Response (cont.)

Fig. 6.6d Major changes in the external female genitals during the sexual response cycle.

Sexual Response (cont.)

Fig. 6.6e Major changes in the external female genitals during the sexual response cycle.

Sexual Response (cont.)

Fig. 6.7a Major changes in the internal female genitals during the sexual response cycle.

Sexual Response (cont.)

Fig. 6.7b Major changes in the internal female genitals during the sexual response cycle.

Sexual Response (cont.)

Fig. 6.7c Major changes in the internal female genitals during the sexual response cycle.

Sexual Response (cont.)

Fig. 6.7d Major changes in the internal female genitals during the sexual response cycle.

Sexual Response (cont.)

Fig. 6.7e Major changes in the internal female genitals during the sexual response cycle.

Sexual Response (cont.)

Fig. 6.8 Changes in the breasts during the sexual response cycle.

Some general physiologic responses • • • • • •

Blood pressure: elevation of 30-80 mm Hg Heart rate: elevation to 110-180/min Vasocongestion (both skin and deep tissues) Respiration: elevation to over 40/min Anal sphincter contractions Muscle contractions (esp. hands and feet)

Orgasm

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