European Ground Forces

FAS Military Analysis Network

European Ground Forces

AMX 30 Giat Industries has built and delivered to a dozen armies almost 2,300 AMX 30 main battle tanks, as well as 1,100 derivative versions (155 GCT self-propelled howitzers, antiaircraft missile or gun systems, armoured recovery vehicles, etc.). The AMX 30 B2 is an improved version of the AMX 30, either by rebuilding or by production of new tanks, equipped with an automatic fire control system (COTAC) enabling it to fire a ammunition arrow (Vo 1525 m/s). The tank is well profiled, strongly armed, endowed with a very good mobility and a great autonomy. It is protected only from small gauge weapons and the effects of artillery. The AMX 30 B2 is able to fight in a contaminated atmosphere and to cross in immersion of the water levels 2 depth m (4 m with snorkel). It is intended for all missions requiring operations in traditional or nuclear environments power: direct destruction of the enemy forces, and in priority of the armoured forces immediate and major exploitation of the effects of the others weapons, in particular of the nuclear weapon. It equips tank regiments. It is encased in rolled plates and castings, entirely welded; traditional turret, entirely cast, of very shaped form.

Specifications Crew

4 men 1 head of tank, 1 gunner, 1 charger, 1 conductor

Weight in commands neighbor of 36 T of combat Dimensions overall length

9.50 m

length of the case

6.70 m

overall width

3.10 m

overall height

2.85 m

height of the roof of the tourelleau

2.52 m

ground clearance

0.45 m

width of caterpillar

0.57 m

Driving

Hispano-H.S. 110, 4 Diesel times, 12 horizontal rolls, water cooling, camshafts at the head multi-fuel

power

680 CH with 2400 rpm disengageable ventilator

starters

2 electric starters

quantity of fuel and nature

970 gas oil

average consumption gas oil - 200 l/100 km

gasoline - 230 l/100 km autonomy

500 km or 16 hours with the gas oil 420 km or 14 hours with the gasoline

speed

average on the road 45 km/h maximum on road 65 km/h

field of fire in direction and disk speed

360° in 15 s

field of fire in height semicircumference

-8° with +20°

field of fire in height back semicircumference

-2° with +20°

principal Armament

1 gun of 105 mm, Mle F2 with semi-automatic loading

ammunition

out of turret 50 ammunition of 105 mm, including 20 in the turret

effective range

approximately 2000 m

auxiliary Armament

1 gun of 20 mm twinned with the gun for ground shooting, with possibility of surpointage (+ 40°) for Anti-aircraft shooting ammunition - 470 cartridges of 20 mm out of turret 1 machine-gun of 7.62 mm 2050 cartridges of 7.63 mm 4 tube-smoke-producing (16 smoke-producing machines)

Ariete [Ram] Main Battle Tank The Italian Army has decided to procure two types of combat vehicle, tracked main battle tanks and wheeled armoured vehicles. To meet the specifications for vehicles for intervention in classic battlefield operations, a second-generation battle tank and an infantry fighting vehicle have been developed. The Ariete CI is currently being brought into service and studies are being carried out for an advanced second or third-generation battle tank. The Italian Army took delivery of its first Ariete main battle tank in December 1995. Ariete has a crew of four, a combat weight of 52 tonnes, a maximum speed of 65 km/h, a 550 km range and is able to surmount 60% gradients. It comes mounted with a 120 mm gun, integrated fire control system with laser rangefinder and a 7.62 mm machine gun. It will also be fitted with a stabilised panoramic periscope with night and day sight (infrared camera) and a digital fire control system and other advanced technological facilities.

Specifications Source

Italian

Contractor

Alenia/OTO Breda

Weight

48 t approximately

Crew

4 men

Main armament

gun from 120 milimeter to smooth spirit

Secondary armament n. 2 7.62 machine-guns cal. milimeter Apparatuses of tracking

diurno/notturno stabilized

Computers of shooting

digitalises

Telemeter

laser

Protection

NBC

Motor

posteriorly supercharged, installed diesel engine, with power of 1200 HP

Transmission

hydromechanical with retarder secondary

Suspensions

to torque arm with hydraulic shocks-absorber

Speed max

65 Km/h

Superskillful slope max

60%

Challenger 1 Main Battle Tank Challenger is a development of the Centurion/Chieftain line, modified to produce the Shir/Iran 2 originally planned for service with the Iranian forces. After the Iranian Revolution the Shir Iran 2 project was taken over by the British Army and the end result was Challenger later redesignated as Challenger 1. The main differences between Challenger 1 and its predecessor Chieftain are the Challenger engine, which produces 1,200bhp at 2,300rpm, far more powerful than the Chieftain engine, and the Chobham Armour, which gives very high protection levels against anti armour weapons. The Challenger 1 has been in service with the British Army since 1983. It was originally produced by the Royal Ordnance Factory in Leeds, which was acquired by Vickers Defence Systems in 1986. It is planned to begin withdrawing the Challenger 1 from service in 1998 and it should be completely replaced by Challenger 2 by 2002. Challenger 1 took part in Operation Desert Storm where the Iraqi forces failed to take a single vehicle out of combat while Challenger destroyed roughly 300 Iraqi tanks.

Specifications Armament

1 x 120mm L11A5 gun; 2 x 7.62mm Machine Guns; 2 x 5 barrel smoke dischargers

Engine

Rolls-Royce CV12

Ammunition Capacity

Typically 44 rounds of 120mm; 6000 rounds of 7.62mm

Engine Capacity

26.1 litres

Max Road Speed

56kph

Weight Loaded

62,000kg

Length Hull

9.8m

Length Gun Foward

11.5m

Height

2.95m

Width

3.5m

Ground Clearance

0.5m

Crew

4

Challenger 2 Main Battle Tank The Challenger 2 is the first British Army tank since World War II to be designed, developed and produced exclusively by a single prime contractor, Vickers Defence Systems, with set reliability goals laid down in the fixed price contract. The hull and automotive parts of the Challenger 2 are based upon its predecessor Challenger 1, but Challenger 2 incorporates over 150 improvements aimed at increasing reliability and maintainability. The turret of Challenger 2 is a totally new design. Armour is an uprated version of Challenger 1's Chobham armour. The Challenger 2 is the best protected tank in NATO (10) incorporating Chobham second-generation armour plating. Its NBC (nuclear, biological and chemical protection) system is capable of dealing with all known threats and, for the first time in any British tank, the crew compartment has both a heating and a cooling system. The main armament consists of a Royal Ordnance 120 mm rifled tank gun designated the L30. It also incorporates a McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems 7.62 mm chain gun, which is already in service in the British Army, being installed in the GKN Defence Warrior mechanised combat vehicle, and a 7.62 mm anti-aircraft machine gun. The Challenger 2’s fire control system is the latest-generation digital computer from Computing Devices Company (CDC) of Canada and is an improved version of that installed in the US M1A1 Abrams tank. It also has growth capacity for future enhancement such as a Battlefield Information Control System and navigation aids. The Challenger 2 carries a crew of 4 and has a combat weight of 62.5 tonnes. It has a maximum road speed of 56 km/h and a range of 250 km cross country and 450 km on the road. The Challenger 2 (CR2) project includes the development and production of 386 CR2 Main Battle Tanks (MBTs), 22 Driver Training Tanks (DTTs), CHARM 3 ammunition and a full support package including training equipment and initial spares. Prime Contractor is Vickers Defence Systems plc. Vickers Defence systems started work on the Challenger 2 in November 1986 as a private venture and shortly afterwards, in March 1987, made its first presentation of the vehicle to the British Ministry of Defence. In February 1988, Vickers submitted a formal proposal regarding the tank to the MOD following the issue of the staff requirement. In December 1988 it was announced that Vickers Defence Systems was to be awarded a £90 million contract to undertake a demonstration phase (also referred to as the proof of principle phase) which lasted until September 1990. In June 1991 the British Government selected the Challenger 2 and placed an order worth £520 million for 127 Challenger 2 MBTs and 13 driver training tanks. Production began in 1993 and the first vehicles were delivered in July 1994. The Challenger 2 is produced at the Vickers Defence Systems plants in Leeds and Newcastle.There are over 250 subcontractors (both UK and Overseas) involved at some point in the manufacturing

process. Among the most significant are: Royal Ordnance (Main and Secondary armaments); Blair Catton (Track); and GEC-Marconi (Gun Control). The requirement to replace Challenger 1 (CR1) MBT led to the placement of a follow-on order with Vickers Defence Systems. In July 1994, Vickers Defence Systems received a further order from the UK MOD for the supply of 259 Challenger 2 and nine driver training tanks plus training and logistic support. The total value of the contract is £800 million and means that production of the Challenger 2 will continue at least until the year 2000 and that the British Army will be equipped with Challenger 2s while the Challenger 1 will be phased out. The CR2 In-Service Reliability Demonstration (ISRD) milestone was successfully achieved in January 1999. The ISRD took place from September to December 1998 and trialled 12 British Army crewed MBTs at the Bovington test tracks and Lulworth Bindon Ranges. The ISRD was a great success in that CR2 not only achieved the targets but exceeded them in all areas set by the Customer’s Staff Requirement. The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards in Germany, the first of six post-SDR Armoured Regiments, started to take delivery of CR2 in January 1998 and received the 38th in time to meet the June 1998 in-service date. Deliveries of CR2 are continuing and it is planned that each of the six Armoured Regiments will be fully equipped with their tanks and associated logistic support package by end of 2000. The conversion from CR1 to CR2 Regiments is being assisted by a comprehensive suite of training aids, ranging from simple wall charts to highly sophisticated, computer-based gunnery simulators. A range of CR2 training aids and support equipment are also being provided for the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) to assist the task of fault diagnosis, test, repair, calibration and system performance monitoring. Challenger 2E has been specifically designed for demanding environmental and climatic conditions and represents the latest evolution of the highly effective family of Challenger vehicles.

Specifications Combat Weight

62,500 kgs

Crew Size

4

Combat Weight

62,500kg

Length (hull)

8.327m

Length (gun forward)

11.55m

Width (over skirts)

3.52m

Height (to turret roof)

2.49m

Ground Clearance

0.5m

Max Road Range

450km

Engine

Rolls-Royce Perkins Condor CV12 1200bhp with new engine management system

Gearbox

David Brown TN54 epicyclic, 6 fwd 2 rev

Suspension

Hydrogas variable spring rate

Track

Blair Catton hydraulically adjusted double pin

Speed

59 kph (road); 40 kph (mean cross country)

Main Armament

Royal Ordnance 120mm L30 gun

Ammunition

CHARM 1 and 3, HESH and Smoke

Ammunition Carried Typically 50 rounds - APFSDS, HESH, Smoke Secondary Armament

Hughes 7.62mm coaxially mounted chain gun and 7.62mm loader’s GPMG Turret Mounted for Air Defence

Ammunition Carried 4000 rounds 7.62mm; Armour

DORCHESTER

Smoke Dischargers

Exhaust smoke injection and two sets of five L8 grenade dischargers

Commander

Gyrostabilised fully panoramic site with laser range finder and thermal imager

Gunner

Gyrostabilised primary site with laser range finder and thermal imager, and coaxially mounted auxiliary sight

Driver

Day and night periscopes

Loader

Day periscope

Total procurement cost

£2.2 billion

Schedule

Production Began 1990 Training Readiness Date achieved September 1997 Production Reliability Growth Trials completed November 1997 Batch Test 1 achieved November 1997 Batch Test 2 achieved March 1998 Quartering Readiness Date achieved April 1998 Batch Test 3 achieved June 1998 In-Service Date achieved June 1998 Batch Test 4 achieved October 1998

ISRD achieved January 1999 Operational Readiness Date due late 1999

Centurion The Centurion Tank was the main British tank of the post war period, also being purchased by the Australian Army from 1951 and by many other armed forces. Prototype Centurions had been built by the end of WWII. Power is provided by a V12 Rolls Royce Meteor petrol engine, derived from the Merlin aircraft engine. The Centurion is supported by six pairs of road wheels on each side, each track also passing over a rear drive sprocket, a front idler wheel and four double and two single guide rollers. The road wheels are rubber tyred and are mounted on swing-arms fitted with coil springs and shock absorbers (dampers). Australian Centurion Tanks served in Vietnam from 1968 until 1971. The Centurion remained in service in Australia until 1977 when replaced by the Leopard Tank.

Centurion Mk3 - Mk5 1953          

Crew: driver, gunner, radio operator, commander loa: 7552mm (hull), width: 3378mm, height: 2940mm grnd clearance: 508mm, trench crossing 3350mm weight: 50,800kg (unladen) Meteor Mk 4B, 27L, petrol, 12-cyls (V12), twin carburettors, 2-valves/cyl, ohv A 4-cyl charging engine is also fitted bore: 137.17mm, stroke: 152.4mm, c.r.: 7.0:1 power: 650bhp at 2550rpm, torque: 1550lb-ft at 1600rpm transmission: 5m (+ 2 rev'), clutch: triple plate Max speed: 35kph Main armament: 83.4mm 20-pounder

Leclerc The Leclerc tank is not simply a tank within the classsic meaning of the term, but rather a weapon system. As a tank incorporating the products of the most recent technologies, it reaches a level of excellence on each traditional quality: mobility, protection, fire power. As a system of weapons it integrates these functions in a unit whose management is optimized in particular by electro-data processing and the capacities of the communication systems. The essential capacities of Leclerc are the following: a very great effectiveness in the duel against all the adversary armoured tanks in day or night (any time) at ranges of more than 3000 meters. It includes a gun of with an automatic loading system which make it possible to quickly select the type of ammunition, capable of firing when the tank be moving and which improve appreciably the rate of fire of up to 6 shots/minute. The long-range fire control system stabilizes the sight, and the gun remain permanently pointed at the target selected. There are two sights: one for the commander of the tank and the other for the operator. The turret can acquire the target with gyrostabilisers, and a video recopy of the images allows sharing of information between the two. Unequalled mobility is obtained by the synergy between the motor, the kinematic chain, and the hydropneumatic suspension. A very balanced general protection is obtained not only by modular shieldings but also by compactness and thus low visibility, which combined with the very great agility of the tank makes it a difficult target to hit. Centralized management is performed on a large number of parameters of a tactical or logistic nature: the digitalization of the data forward by a bus and are exploited inside the tank which optimizes the entirety of its functions. Also outside, via the radio operator station, it is possible to better employ the whole of the tanks engaged in an operation in particular by the use of the system of control and command installed on board. Being able to resist the most severe stresses of combat of high intensity and to attack the most hardened targets, it is a powerful tool able to assume all the missions reserved for the units of the armoured forces whatever the environment, the type and the form of engagement (traditional, chemical or nuclear, high average or low intensity). The principal armament is a gun of 120 mm with a smooth bore and a length of 52 calibers, drawing all types of ammunition with combustible casings with standard NATO. A total of 40 shells can be embarked, including 22 in automatic loading. The secondary armament is one 12.7 mm machine-gun and one 7.62 mm machine-gun in the superstructure. Specifications Designation/Name

Leclerc

Producer Date Production Began Crew Size

France 1991 3

Combat Weight

54,500kg

Length (hull) Length (gun forward) Width Height (to turret roof)

6.88m 9.87m 3.71m 2.53m

average speed any ground Armament (main gun) Armament (coaxial)

diesel engine hyperbar V8 of power 1500 ch/DIN. 71kmh 550km 650 km with tanks of 1300 L and 400 L out of releasable barrels 40 to 50 km/h 120mm 12.7mm MG

Armament (anti-aircraft)

7.62mm MG

power unit Max Road Speed Max Road Range

Current Using Countries United France Arab Emirates

Battle tank Leopard 1 A5 Kampfpanzer Leopard 1 A5 The Leopard 1 was first produced in 1963 by Krauss-Maffei for the German Ministry of Defence and more than 6000 vehicles have been exported to nine NATO countries, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Italy, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway and Turkey and also Australia. The main armament is capable of engaging with effective fire, while on-themove, through the use of an electronic , hydraulic gyroscopic gun stabilizer. This is known as fully stabilized power traverse. In addition, the Leopard is fitted with two banks of smoke grenade dischargers on the turret to create local obscuration. The Leopard may be "sealed-off" against nuclear contamination on the nuclear battlefield. It is a minimum-maintenance armoured fighting vehicle with visual lubricant level checks and minimum daily crew maintenance required. Properly fitted with external gear, it is capable of deep-fording or submerged fording where river banks are prepared for exit and entry. Complete engine replacement is possible in 30 minutes under field conditions.

Characteristics Engine performance: 610 KW (830PS) Weight: approx. 42.4 t Maximum speed: approx. 65 km/h Operating range (1/3 area, 2/3 road): approx. 600 km Armament: Mounted gun 105 mm Combat distance: to 2500 m Crew

Four soldiers (commander, driver, gunner and radio operator/loader)

Length:

8.17 m (gun at 6 o'clock) 9.54 m (gun at 12 o'clock)

Width:

3.37 m

Height:

2.62 m

Weight:

42.5 t

Engine:

Multi-fuel engine,

10 cylinders, 830 hp Speed:

65 km/hr

Range:

600 km

Armament:

105-mm gun; 7.62-mm co-axially mounted machine-gun; 7.62-mm crew commander's machine-gun

Ammunition types:

Armour piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot; Armour piercing discarding sabot ; High explosive squashhead; High explosive plastic; High explosive anti-tank; Smoke

AML-245 (Auto-Mitraileuse Legere-245) AML-60 AML-90 In different versions this light armored car is used by about 40 Armies worldwide. Numerous options of modernization are offered (diesel engines, fire controls, armament, conditioned air, etc.).

Specifications Country of origin

France

Builder

Panhard

Crew

3

Weight

AML-60 - 4.8 tons AML-90 - 5.9 ton.

Dimensions

5.48 Xs 1.97 Xs 2.15 ms.

Motor

85 Cv. gasoline (optional, diesel of 90 Cv.).

Transmission

Mechanics with electromagnetic control (optional with converter of hydraulic pair).

Traction

4X4

speed

90 Km/h;

Autonomy

700 km (diesel);

Fording

0.90 m.

Armament

AML-60 - 1 x 60mm Mortar; 1 x 7.62mm Mag AML-90 - 1 x 90mm Cannon; 1 x 7.62mm MAG

AMX 10 RC The AMX 10 RC is a strongly armed amphibian reconnaissance vehicle, endowed with very good mobility on road and any path, protected against light weapons of infantry and the effects of artillery, able to fight in contaminated atmosphere. It is intended for reconnaissance missions in traditional or nuclear environment, implying fast displacements and great amplitudes before engagement. It constitutes the fire vehicle the reconnaissance units and armoured regiments. The armor consists of plates rolled and welded out of light alloy. The turret is traditional, of highly shaped form.                     

field of fire in direction: 360° field of fire in height: - 8° with + 20° principal armament: 1 gun of 105 mm [38 105 mm ammunition] auxiliary armament: 1 machine-gun 7.62 mm twin [4000 cartridges] 4 lance-smoke-producing tubes (16 smoke-producing machines) Crew: 4 men - 1 commander, 1 gunner, 1 radio-charger, 1 conductor Mass [combat]: 16 T overall length: 9.13 m length of the case: 6.35 m overall width: 2.95 m overall height (position road): 2.59 m ground clearance (position road): 0.30 m footing: 3.10 m Engine: Diesel BAUDOUIN 4 overfed times with 6 cylinders out of V with 90° water cooling power: 280 CH with 3000 rpm disengageable ventilator with hydrostatic command Quantity of fuel and nature: 520 gas oil Consumption L: 60 L / 100 km Endurance: 800 km or 17 h. Average road speed: 60 km/h maximum road speed: 85 km/h water speed: 7.2 km/h

ARMORED VEHICLES Main Armament (caliber, model) Ammunition type Range, effective (m) Stabilized Elevation/traverse (degrees) Penetration (mm @ m range) Basic load

AMX-10 RC Recon 105-mm 48-cal Gun APFSDS, HEAT, HE 2000+ No -18/+20 360 Triple heavy armor at 2000 38 rds

7.62-mm coax MG Secondary Armament Ammunition type SLAP, Ball Basic load 4000 rds Auxiliary Armament 12.7-mm M2HB AA MG (optional) Ammunition type API, SLAP, Ball Vehicle characteristics Night sights Gunner LLLTV Driver Speed, road/off-road (kph) 85/ Range, road/off-road (km) 1000/ Trench Xng (width)/Step( height m) 1.65/.80 Grade x side slope (degrees) (50%) Ground clearance (mm) .60 Fording (m) Swim Weight (mt) 15.88 (combat) 14.9 (unloaded) Dimensions (LxWxH m w/o gun) 9.15 (w/gun) x2.95x2.68 NBC protection Yes Crew 4 Night Firing Sights Thomson-CSF DIVT 13

AMX-13

Future Scout and Cavalry System (FSCS) Tactical Reconnaissance Armoured Combat Equipment Requirement (TRACER) Armored Scout and Reconnaissance Vehicle (ASRV) An 07 July 1998 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the United States and the United Kingdom established the US Future Scout and Cavalry System (FSCS) / UK Tactical Reconnaissance Armoured Combat Equipment Requirement (TRACER) program. FSCS and TRACER are the national program names for a new Armored Scout and Reconnaissance Vehicle (ASRV) as specified in the MOU. The FSCS conceptual system, intended for future scout and cavalry units, features a three-man vehicle crew, mast-mounted sensor package, semiexpendable Micro Aerial Vehicles (miniature UAVs) and Un-manned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) or robots. FSCS would be armed with a notional 40mm gun system for self protection. The sensor package for the FSCS itself and the robots may include both visual and thermal capability. The mast-mounted sensor would be able to elevate to a height of 5 meters to look over intervening terrain or pop-out of tree tops. The MAVs are employed similar to firing a round of ammunition. They would have electro-optical sensors and a limited range (10 kilometers or less) and endurance (approximately 15 minutes). They are intended to provide the scouts a look into the "next valley" capability before moving in a robot or FSCS. The Future Scout and Cavalry System (FSCS) Advanced Technology Demonstration (1998–01) will demonstrate the feasibility and operational potential of an advanced lightweight vehicle chassis integrating scout–specific and advanced vehicle technologies developed in other technology–based programs. The effort will be fabricated and tested in virtual and real environments to evaluate and validate sensors/situational awareness capabilities and to develop scout tactics. The FSCS ATD will develop and demonstrate scout–specific mobility components such as electric drive, semi–active and fully active suspension, and band track. Other specific technologies that may be integrated into the scout platform include MFS3, advanced lightweight structural materials and armors, advanced crew stations, advanced C2, medium–caliber weapon, and advanced survivability systems. This effort will validate the inherent signature reduction of advanced mobility technologies. Following 21 months of concentrated activity to set up the co-operative FSCS/TRACER program, the UK signed the Armoured Scout and Reconnaissance Vehicle Memorandum

of Understanding on 07 July 1998. The US signed the document on 26 February 1998 but final UK approval was delayed until the UK Strategic Defence Review was concluded. An Invitation to Tender (ITT) for the Advanced Technology Demonstrator / Project Definition (ATD/PD) was issued to Industry on 09 July 1998 with a 75 calendar day tender response period. The MoU itself covers the entire program although much of the detail for successive phases will be negotiated later on and published in supplements to the document. The ITT was issued to two Tenderers: SIKA International, a company formed for the program by Lockheed Martin and British Aerospace; and LANCER, a consortium led by GECMarconi. Both consortia comprise a mixture of US and UK companies to enable work to be shared equitably between the industries of both nations. The Joint Project Office (JPO) called for in the MoU is now formally established. It comprises two symmetrical elements, one at the UK’s Procurement Executive in Abbey Wood, Bristol, the other at the US Army’s Tank Automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM) in Warren, Michigan. Technical advice to the JPO is provided by the US Tank Automotive Research Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) at Warren, supported by other US technical commands, and by the UK Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA). By FY03 the ARDEC Advanced Light Armaments for Combat Vehicles (ALACV) STO will demonstrate 25/35mm ammunitions with 75% or greater improvement in lethality compared to conventional point detonating munitions and 20-40% improvement compared to existing KE & bursting munitions. The ALACV will develop two types of munitions (anti-personnel and anti-armor) to meet the Future Scout and Cavalry System (FSCS) and the Future Infantry Vehicle (FIV) lethality requirements. The FSCS ATD will fast track in FY02 to the EMD phase of the FSCS program. FSCS is the replacement combat vehicle for the M1114 HMWWV in Armor and Mechanized Infantry Battalion Scout Platoons and the M3A2/3 CFV in Division and Regimental Cavalry Squadrons. The Fiscal Year 2001 Army budget request included decisions to restructure or "divest" a number of programs in order to provide some of the resources to support its transformation to achieve the ambitious deployment goals outlined in the October 1999 Army Vision. The restructured programs are the Crusader and the Future Scout and Cavalry System. The "divestitures" include Heliborne Prophet (Air), MLRS Smart Tactical Rocket (MSTAR), Stinger Block II, Command and Control Vehicle (C2V), Grizzly, Wolverine, and the Army Tactical Missile System Block IIA. Funding for these programs was reallocated to fund the Army Vision transformation strategy.

BMR-600 The BMR-600 (Blindado Medio de Ruedas) is a six-wheeled light armored vehicle manufactured in Spain under French license. To 1972 the Spanish Army fixed the tactical and technical requirements for a wheeled armored vehicle for the transport and movement of a squad of infantry to and in the zone battle. Designed by the Commission of Development of Armored Vehicles, the Army, and the Direction of Projects of ENASA, the prototype the Pegaso BMR-600 was evaluated over four years and entered production in 1979, with versions for personnel, mortar carriers of 81 and 120 mm, recovery-repair and ambulance. On the other hand, the Army made those of transmissions of the Mount Olympus system and combat engineers BMR-VCZ. The BMR has been exported to Saudi Arabia and Egypt and employed effectively in real situation as much by the Saudí forces during the campaign of Kuwait of 1991 ande by the Spanish troops in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Albania. The BMR-600 is in service in Spain, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Peru. The Spanish Army is modernizing it with a new motor, additional plates of armor, and a system of bacteriological and chemical defense. On 29 May 1994 the program of modernization of 646 units was approved, jointly executed by Santa Barbara Armor and the Park and Center of Maintenance of System Cover with armor (PCMSA. The updates also include a new system of fuel supply, adjustable height steering, fire-fighting and antiexplosion system.

Specifications Country of origin

Spain

Crew

12

Weight

14 ton

Dimensions

6.15 Xs 2.50 Xs 2 m

Armament

1X12,70 mm

Motor

Pegaso @ 306 hp (being replaced by a Scania @ 310 hp)

Suspension

Hydropneumatics of independent elements McPhearson

Traction

6 Xs 6

Speed

Maximum - 100 Km/h water (with hidrochorros), 9 Km/h.

Autonomy

1,000 Km

B1 Centauro tank destroyer VBC 8x8 APC The Centauro B1 tank destroyer was designed to carry out tactical reconnaissance and territorial defence tasks. The main mission of the Centauro heavy armored car is the protection of lighter vehicles and units of the Cavalry. It is not a reconnaissance vehicle, but a tank destroyer/wheeled tank. The cavalry unit is equipped with this vehicle which is fitted with a 105 mm high-pressure gyrostabilised gun and associated automated fire control system. It has high road mobility, a good power to weight ratio, a long range and good cross-country mobility. The Centauro carries a fully armed and equipped crew of 2 to 4 men, which makes it extremely flexible to use, especially in peacekeeping operations. Vehicles in the Centauro family have a basic protection guaranteed to withstand 14.5 mm bullets (25 mm on the front section). This can be increased to 30 mm by bolting on additional protection. The Centauro was deployed in Somalia and former Yugoslavia and has proved its toughness and the suitability of its gun system for use in peacekeeping operations as well as in the reconnaissance tasks for which it was designed and developed. Because of their characteristics, these tanks have been used to escort motor convoys, for wide area control and for road patrols, and have proven rapid intervention capability in unforeseen crises. In order to have a troop carrier with mobility and protection specifications similar to those of the Centauro tank, development has begun on a family of medium tanks whose main characteristic is a high degree of interoperability with other tanks. The battlefield version (VBC 8 x 8) already exists in prototype. This will carry 7 fully equipped men in addition to the tank commander and the pilot and may be armed with a range of equipment such as a 12.7 mm machine gun and a 25 or 60 mm cannon, plus two missile launchers. Bearing in mind Italy’s recent experience in Somalia and Bosnia, a possible use has emerged for short-range heavy automatic armaments against interposing forces rather than a range of 400-500 m, as in a cold-war scenario.

Specifications Weight

21 t approximately

Crew

4 men

Main armament

gun from 105 striped milimeter

Secondary armament n. 2 7.62 machine-guns cal. milimeter Apparatuses of tracking

diurno/notturni

Calculating of shooting

digitalis

Telemeter

laser

Protection

ballistics and NBC

Motor

supercharged, installed diesel engine front, with power of 520 HP

Transmission

hydromechanical with retarder secondary

Suspensions

independent type Mc Pherson

Traction

8x8

Steering

on three axes

Piranha The Piranha family of light armoured vehicles, available in 4x4, 6x6, 8x8 and 10x10 configurations, has become the choice of military customers around the world. In 1977 the Canadian Forces selected the MOWAG Piranha 6x6 Armoured Vehicle General Purpose (AVGP). The Canadian government selected DDGM as the Canadian based contractor for this order. The armoured vehicle general purpose (AVGP) comes in three variants: the Cougar, the Grizzly and the Husky. The AVGP entered service in 1976. The Cougar's main function is to provide direct or semi-direct fire support in a combined operation. The Grizzly's primary use is to provide mobility and protection for an 11-person infantry section in combined arms operations. In 1999, the Cougar is being gradually removed from service with the Regular Force and will remain operational at the Reserve unit level only. Plans are being made to extend the life of some of the AVGP vehicles and to use them in a variety of new ways. The Canadian Forces order later led to a major contract with the US Marine Corps (USMC) for the 8x8 version of the Piranha and later to an even larger vehicle procurement by the U.S. Army TACOM for the National Guard of Saudi Arabia. GKN teamed up with MOWAG of Switzerland in 1990 to produce the Piranha family of wheeled armoured vehicles to meet a number of requirements in the UK’s FFLAV (Future Family of Light Armoured Vehicles). MOWAG and GKN Defence signed an agreement which licensed GKN to be system prime contractor for the design, integration, production and marketing of the GKN Piranha 8x8 for agreed customers. Vehicles have already been sold to Saudi Arabia and Oman. The GKN Piranha 8x8 can hold up to 15 persons. It has a combat weight of 12.3 tonnes, a maximum road speed of 100 km/h and a fording speed of 10.5 km/h. Its maximum range is 780 km and it can be armed for whatever role is assigned to it. Existing customers for the Piranha include Denmark, Canada (designated the LAV III Kodiak), and Sweden. In August 1999 Diesel Division, General Motors of Canada Limited (DDGM), announced the acquisition of the privately owned Mowag Motorwagenfabrik AG (MOWAG), based in Kreuzlingen, Switzerland. The sale formalizes a 22-year working relationship between the two companies that has focussed on the design development, international licensing and manufacturing of the Piranha family of light armoured, wheeled military vehicles. DDGM had recently begun production of a new and significantly larger category of the Piranha 8x8, known as the LAV III, as part of a 651unit replacement program for the Canadian Forces.

PIRANHA III Baseline Vehicles Weights (approx.)

6x6

8x8

10x10

Weight empty

9.500

10.500

12.500

kg

Payload kg

3.000

6.000

7.500

Total combat weight

kg

12.500

16.500

20.000

Powertoweight ratio

hp/ t

28.0

24.0

22.5

Dimensi ons (approx.)

6x6

8x8

10x10

Overall length

6.25

6.93

7.45

1.985/2.17

1.985/2.17

1.985/2.17

2.66

2.66

2.66

10

14

16

m

Height m over hull Overall width

m

Max. number of seats

Comparison PIRANHA I, II, III example 8x8 PIRANHA I

PIRANHA II

PIRANHA III

Widt h

2.5 m

2.6 m

2.66 m

Lengt h

6.3 m

6.8 m

6.93 m

Heigh t

1.88 m

1.88 m / 1.92 m

1.98 m

(over hull) Tire size

325R16

325R16, 335/80R20

12.00R20, 365/80R20

Baseli ne Weig ht

9'500 kg

10'000 kg

10'500 kg

Gross Vehic le Weig ht

12'500 kg

14'000 kg

16'500 kg

Paylo ad

3'000 kg

4'000 kg

6'000 kg

Combat Vehicle 90 (CV 90) Combat Vehicle 90 (CV 90 - StridsFordon 90) is jointly developed and manufactured by Hagglunds AB (chassis) and Bofors AB (turret, armament and ammunition). The CV 90 family consists of: CV 90 (the basic armored infantry fighting vehicle, armed with a 40 mm automatic cannon); Anti-aircraft vehicle 90; Forward observer vehicle 90; Command post vehicle 90; and Recovery vehicle 90. All vehicles are designed for maximum performance in the most inhospitable terrain and hostile combat environments. The CV 90 is an extremely agile, multi-role combat vehicle with all-target capability, a low very compact structure and minimized radar and IR-signatures. The basic turret is electrically operated and houses a CelsiusTech UTAAS sight with integrated laser rangefinder and thermal camera. The 40 mm Bofors autocannon assures lethality to all other light armored vehicles and even offers a chance to kill enemy tanks from flanking positions with its APFSDS-T ammo. Production orders for series vehicle are divided into three batches. A total of 500 CV 90 will be procured for the Swedish Army, with final delivery in 2002. The Hägglunds Vehicle CV 90120 light tank consists of a slightly modified CV 90 chassis, produced for Norway and Sweden, fitted with a new three-man turret mounting a Swiss Ordnance 120 mm smoothbore gun with a computerised fire-control system and stabilised day/night sights.

Specifications Weight, combat loaded

26,000 kg

Personnel capacity

11

Speed

70 km/h

Engine

Scania DSI 14 Diesel 446 kW/2200 rpm

Armament

Bushmaster II, 30 mm cannon

ERC 90 The ERC 90 is a light armoured vehicle with 6 wheels, armed with a 90-mm gun. With good mobility terrestrial and watery, it can fight in contaminated atmosphere and is transportable by air by Transall. It is intended for safe reconnaissance missions in traditional or nuclear environments. It is equiped to carry out anti-tank missions. The case and turret consist of tack welded steel plates: field of fire in direction: 360° field of fire in height: -8° with +15° pointing in site and layer ensured by electric drives. Direction is provided by observation glasses and firing direction by a laser system of telemetry.

Specifications principal armament

1 gun of 90 mm to semi-automatic operation 20 ammunition of 90 mm out of turrets out distances practical shooting: 1800 m

1 machine-gun of 7.62 mm twinned secondary armament with the gun 2000 cartridges of 7.62 mm 4 smoke-producing cannister launchers Crew

the ERC 90 requires a crew of 3 men: a head of machine, a gunner, a pilot

masses

8100 kg

Engine

6 Cylinders out of V with 90° with electronic ignition, two carburettors and water cooling power 135 CH. to 5250 rpm

speed

average on road: 60 km/h average on road: 100 km/h water: 7.2 km/h

consumption

on road: 24 l/100 in varied ground: 17 l/h

autonomy

730 km or 15 hours for 250 gasoline

Fiat 6614G 4X4 Armored Car KM 900 APC The South Korean army deploys the Fiat 6614 wheeled armored personnel carriers under the KM-900 designation.

Specifications cylinders

4

Speed max

100 km/h

Power

kW: 106.7; CV: 145 to 3200 giri/min

Fuel

diesel oil

Weight:

empty 7200 Kg; full load: 8500 kg

slope max

longitudinal: 60% cross-sectional : 30%

Length

5860 milimeter

Superskillful step

400 milimeter

Width

2500 milimeter

Autonomy

700 km

Transport tank 1 Fox Transportpanzer 1 Fuchs Engine performance: 235 KW (320 HP) Weight: approx. 16.5 t Maximum speed: approx. 96 km/h Crew: 2+8 Functions: Carrier vehicle of conversion kits Armament: 1 mg 7.62 mm

FV 430 Series First introduced in 1962 the FV 430 series of vehicles has developed to fulfil 14 roles including Command Post APC, ambulance, minelayer, recovery and repair vehicle, mortar, radar or troop carrier. NBC proof, it can carry up to 10 men and 2 crew and may be armed with a 7.62mm machine gun or turret mounted L37 machine gun.        

Length 5.25m; Width 2.8m; Height 2.28m; Weight 15.28 tonnes; Max Road Speed 52 Kph; Road Range 580 kms; Engine Rolls Royce K60; Crew 2 + troops 10; Armament 7.62mm machine gun or L37 machine gun.

Tank destroyer Jaguar 1 with guided missile HOT Jagdpanzer Jaguar 1 mit Lenkflugkörper HOT Engine performance: 368 KW (500 HP) Weight: approx. 25 t Maximum speed: approx. 70 km/h Operating range road: approx. 400 km Crew: 4 Armament: Guided missile HOT 1 bug MG 7.62 mm 1 air defense MG 7.62 mm Combat distance: to 4000 m

Tank destroyer Jaguar 2 with antitank guided missile TOW Jagdpanzer Jaguar 2 mit Panzerabwehrlenkflugkörper TOW Engine performance: 368 KW (500 HP) Weight: approx. 25 t Maximum speed: approx. 70 km/h Operating range road: approx. 400 km Crew: 4 Armament: 

Antitank defense guided missile TOW  1 Fla MG 7.62 mm  Combat distance: to 3750 m

Reconnaissance tank Luchs Spähpanzer Luchs Engine performance: 287 KW (390 HP) Weight: approx. 19.5 t Maximum speed: approx. 90 km/h forward and backwards drivable Buoyantly Operating range: approx. 730 km Crew: 4 Armament: 1 mounted automatic cannon 20 mm Rate of fire: 800-1000 firing/min Combat distance: to 2000 m

Armored infantry vehicle Marder 1 A3 Schützenpanzer Marder 1 A3 Engine performance: 441 KW (600 HP) Weight: approx. 33.5 t Maximum speed: approx. 65 km/h Operating range road: approx. 460 km Crew: 9 Armament: Mounted automatic cannon 20 mm Antitank weapon MILAN Tower MG 7,62mm Hand weapons Rate of fire: 1000 round(s)/min. (mounted automatic cannon) Combat distance: Mounted automatic cannon and antitank weapon MILAN to 2000 m

Multi-Role Armoured Vehicle (MRAV) The current Multi-Role Armoured Vehicle (MRAV) is the first truly collaborative landsystem project in Europe. . Part of the rationale for the program is that Europe has too many armored vehicle producers--at least seven compared to one in the US. The UK is participating in a collaborative program with France and Germany for the development and initial production of a family of wheeled, armoured vehicles to meet the requirements of the three nations. The vehicle is essentially a German design with Germany supplying the automotive components, UK the basic chassis and Giat Industries the mission module. Initially, the design will provide the Armoured Personnel Carrier and Command Vehicle versions but will also allow for the development of other variants using the same base vehicle. The consortium consists of Krauss-Maffei/Wegmann and MAK(Germany), Alvis Vehicles (UK) and GIAT (France). The ARGE-GTK (Krauss Maffei Wehrtechnik GmbH, Rheinmetall Industrie AG /MAK System GmbH and Wegmann & Co GmbH) form the core for the German system competence in the field of armoured tracked and wheeled concepts, development, series production and modernisation. Apart from many important subsystems and assemblies, this system competence contains all the logistic aspects from the development phase through the utilisation phase. GKN is a global group whose operations in some 40 countries generate sales in excess of £3 billion. GKN Defence is the UK's leading designer and manufacturer of light and medium armoured vehicles for military, security and peacekeeping roles. Giat Industries design, produce and market complete combat systems, whether they be armoured systems (main battle tanks, recovery vehicles, information systems, logistic support, training, etc.) as well as weapon and ammunition systems (artillery, infantry, mining and mine clearing, associated munitions, logistic support , etc.). In January 1996, the German Ministry of Defence launched an invitation to tender for the development of a new wheeled armoured personnel carrier, for which ARGE/GTK and GKN issued a common response. In July 1996, the French Ministry of Defence launched an invitation to tender for the development of a wheeled armoured infantry fighting vehicle for which Giat Industries issued a response. These two invitations to tender are based on common tri-national specifications and cover a first lot of 200 vehicles for each country. Following a competition between two international consortia, an announcement was made on 22 April 1998, jointly with France and Germany, that Eurokonsortium (now known as ARTEC) had been selected as the preferred bidder. An extensive program of work has been set in hand to negotiate satisfactory contract terms and conditions. Two families of vehicle are required: one consisting of highly mobile, well protected vehicles (known as M1P1) designed to operate alongside Challenger and Warrior; and the other of less mobile, less well protected vehicles (known as M2P2) designed to work in areas where there is reduced direct fire threat. The Multi-Role Armoured Vehicle

(MRAV) replaces utility CVR(T), SAXON GWR and FV430 family to meet a number of support functions. Around 1,400 medium mobility, medium protection vehicles will be required by the UK. It is expected that initial production will be 600 production vehicles (200 for each country), although the potential is for up to at least 3,000 vehicles. Most vehicles will be built in an 8 x 8 configuration although there is a possibility that there may also be some in a 6 x 6 configuration.

Puma The Puma family, developed by the Consorzio Iveco Fiat - Oto Melara based in Rome, will probably enter into service in 1998 in two basic configurations, a 4x4 and a 6x6 version, both capable of a high degree of strategic and tactical mobility and with protection able to withstand 7.62 mm bullets (12.7 mm on the front section). The possibility of mounting them with a range of weapons systems gives them wide flexibility of use. The Puma 4x4 will be used to equip light infantry regiments to increase levels of protection in territorial defence and peacekeeping operations. The Puma 6x6 will be assigned to the cavalry units for tactical reconnaissance tasks. The Puma may need additional armors for ballistic protection

Specifications Puma 4x4

Puma 6x6

Crew

7, driver plus 6 troops

9, driver plus 8 troops

Combat weight

5.7 tons

7.5 tons

Length

5108 mm

5526 mm

Height

1900 mm

1900 mm

Height

1678 mm

1678 mm

Width

2090 mm

2284 mm

Weapons

Missiles TOW anti-tank missiles Machine guns 7.62 mm or 12.7 mm

Armored reconnaissance radar Rasit Panzeraufklärungsradar Rasit Engine performance: 235 KW (320 HP) Weight: approx. 16.7 t Maximum speed: approx. 90 km/h Operating range: approx. 800 km Erfassungsbereich radar coverage: to 20,000 m Crew: 4 Armament 1 Fla MG 7.62 mm

Sabre Sabre was brought into service in 1995 using a Scorpion chassis and the 30mm turret from CVR(W) Fox. It is almost identical to Scimitar but has a lower profile turret. Equipped with a Rarden Canon and Hughes chain gun, Sabre is used for close reconnaissance.       

Length 5.15m; Width 2.17m; Height 2.17m; Weight 8.13 tonnes; Engine Jaguar 4.2 litre; Crew 3; Armament 30mm Rarden Cannon; 7.62 Hughes chain gun.

Samaritan Samaritan is a derivative of the CVR(T) vehicle - it is an armoured ambulance equipped with stretchers.         

Length 5.07m; Width 2.24m; Height 2.42m; Weight 8.66 tonnes; Max Road Speed 72.5kph; Engine - Jaguar 4.2 litre; Crew - Commander, driver, up to 6 casualties; Armament Nil.

Samson Samson is a derivative of the CVR (T) Vehicle (Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance Tracked) - it is the Armoured Recovery Vehicle for all the vehicles in this class.        

Length 4.79m; Width 2.43m; Height 2.25m; Weight 8.74 tonnes; Max Road Speed 72.5kph; Engine Jaguar 4.2 litre; Crew Commander, driver and crew; Armament 7.62mm machine gun.

Saxon Saxon is a wheeled Armoured Personnel Carrier used by mechanised infantry battalions. Capable of travelling across very rough terrain and fording 3 feet of water the vehicle has excellent battlefield mobility. Fitted with a 7.62 millimetre machine gun.          

Weight 10,670 kg; Length 5.16m; Width 2.48m; Height 2.63m; Ground Clearance (axles) 0.33m; Max Road Speed 96 kph; Max Road Range 510 km; Engine 6-cylinder diesel; Armour proof against 7.62 rounds fired at point blank range; Crew 2 + 10 troops.

Scimitar Scimitar is a CVR(T) vehicle (Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance Tracked) with a primary role to gather information. Used by medium reconnaissance Regiments and armoured infantry units for reconnaissance, the vehicle is fitted with a Rarden 30mm cannon for self defence.        

Length 4.79m; Width 2.24m; Height 2.10m; Weight 8.07 tonnes; Max Road Speed 80kph; Engine Jaguar 4.2 litre; Crew Commander, gunner, driver; Armament 30mm Rarden Cannon, 7.62 machine gun.

FV 101 CVR(T) Scorpion Alvis has produced a substantial part of the British Army’s tank fleet and has maintained high export levels. Its family of combat vehicles includes the Scorpion, Spartan, Sultan, Samson and Scimitar tanks and also the Saracen armoured personnel carrier and the Saladin armoured vehicle. The ageing Scorpion and Scimitar vehicles did not stand out as efficient machines in the Gulf and Bosnian conflicts.

Specifications Type

Tracked light reconnaissance vehicle

Manufacturer

Alvis

Weight

8073 kg

Length

4.79 m

Height

2.1 m

Armor Material

Aluminum

Armor Thickness

Average of 25mm

Maximum Speed

80.5 kph on-road

Powerplant

Perkins T6-3544

Horsepower

200 hp

SK 105 Kurassier This light tank was developed by the Saurer-Werk (today Steyr Daimler-Puch). The first prototype was ready in 1967 and first production vehicles were delivered in 1971. Although classified as "tank destroyer" [Jagdpanzer] by the Austrian army, SK 105 (known as Kurassier) is considered a light tank. Many of its automotive components are identical to the used ones in the armored troop carrier vehicles of of (APC) built by Steyr, allowing to the users to have an full family of the vehicles based on similar parts, which facilitates training and the logistic support. The SK 105 variants include the Greif armored recovery vehicle, the Pionier engineering vehicle and the driver training vehicle. They are in service in Argentina, Austria, Bolivia, Morocco and Tunisia. The Navy of Brazil also acquired 17 SK 105 for the Body of Fuzileiros Navais (CFN). The incorporation of this tank is part of the Program of Reaparelhamento of the Navy for equiping fiflemen with more modern equipment. Production of the SK 105 resumed for Botswana, with an order for 20 brand new vehicles and an option on an additional 30 vehicles.

Specifications origin Austria

Armament

105 mm cannon [3,000 m range] 7.62 mma machine gun coaxial one with the main armament two smoke projectors on each side of the turret

Length

7.76 m including the main armament 5.58 m chassis

Width

2.5 m

Height

2.88 m

Weight

17,500kg

Pressure on ground

0.68 kg/cm2

Motor

Steyr 7FA - 6 cylinders, water cooled, superfed, diesel, developing 320 HP (238 KW)

Speed on road

65-68 km/h

range

520 km

Obstacles

vertical: 0.8 m; trench: 2,41 m; slopes: 60 º

Spartan Spartan is a derivative of the CVR(T) vehicle (Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance tracked). Spartan is used by specialist troops which can include Mortar Fire Control Teams, anti aircraft teams equipped with Javelin, or as Engineer Command Vehicles.        

Length 5.12m; Width 2.24m; Height 2.26m; Weight 8.17 tonnes; Max Road Speed 80.5kph; Engine Jaguar 4.2 litre; Crew Commander, driver and 5 crew; Armament 7.62mm machine gun.

Striker Striker is a CVR(T) vehicle with a primary role to destroy enemy armour. Striker carries 10 Swingfire anti-tank missiles with a range of up to 4000 metres. Five of these missiles are carried in bins on top of the vehicle, however these need to be reloaded from outside the vehicle.      

Armament 10 x Swingfire Missiles; 1 x 7.62mm Machine Gun: 2 x 4 barrel smoke dischargers; Engine Jaguar 4.2 litre; Max Road Speed 80kph; Length 4.8m; Height 2.2m; Width 2.2m.

Sultan Sultan is the Command and Control variant of the CVR(T) family of vehicles which came into service in 1972. Light and highly mobile, Sultan is used as a Command or Headquarters vehicle in armoured and armoured reconnaissance formations.      

Length of barrel 4.8m; Width 2.25m; Height 2.56m; Weight 8.66 tonnes; Engine Jaguar J60: Crew 6

Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé (VAB) The Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé (VAB) is the basic vehicle of the regiments of infantry. It is characterized by its simplicity, its great mobility, and its comfort on any ground. It is an armoured vehicle with wheels which can be adapted to various employments, and is characterized by: a good aptitude for displacement in varied ground and NBC environment, an amphibious capacity, a range of 1000 km, and the possibility of transport by airplane. The VAB can transport 10 combatants, and the personnel are protected from the projectiles perforating from 7.62mm rounds to 100 m, and from anti-personnel mines. For ground and anti-aircraft self-defence a 7.62mm machine gun is mounted on a circular-shield in the forward right of the vehicle carrying 3000 cartridges. More than 5,000 VABs in various versions are in service with 15 armies. The VAB has been used in numerous military operations, and has played an important peace-keeping role in several parts of the world. It is undergoing continuous technical upgrade programmes.

Specifications length

5,94 m

width

2,49 m

height

2,06 m

ground clearance

0.40 m

Mass

13 T

Speed

maximum: 90 km/h watery: 2,2 m/s

Driving

diesel 6 cylinders on line, 220 CH of power 2 hydrojets with directional deflectors

Autonomy

1000 km

Quantity of fuel

310 gas oil Possibility of tractor drawing a trailer of total mass of 4T Possibility of negotiating slopes of 60% and cants of 30%.

The Véhicule Blindé Léger (VBL) corresponds to a new tactical need with wheels discrete and general-purpose having amphibians and NBC capacities. It is conceived to combine with the agility of the jeep a sufficient protection against the battlefield and the dangers of NBC attack. The VBL is planned for two versions: reconnaissance and antitank combat. It must be able to carry out in an autonomous way the missions of reconnaissance and infiltration, and to ensure the environment of the future. The version with anti-tank devices will be capable of shooting MILAN with 6 missiles, 7.62 mm automatic arms with 2000 rounds, or 7.62 mm automatic arms with 3000 rounds. crew: 3 in version anti-tank device: head of machine, pilot, gunner MILAN 2 in version light

dimensions: length: 3.84 m overall width: 2.02 m height: 1.70 m ground clearance: 0.35 m masses (combat without option): 3.8t. power unit: engine XD 3t compressed turbo Peugeot-diesel, power of 95 CH DIN (70 kW), couple 21 mdaN with 2250 rpm torque converter with automatic box with 3 box reports/ratios of tranfert with 2 ratios (road-ground) amphibious system of propulsion: propulsion by propellers (option) fuel rating: 28 ch/t fuel: 75 gas oil L out of tank 20 L autonomy: 600 km speed: average on road: 70 km/h maximum stabilized speed of 60 km/h on water with propellers: 5.4 km/h

VCC-1 Camallino Armored Combat Vehicle VCC-1 Camallino Armored Combat Vehicle was developed for the Italian Army by OTO-Breda. It is a modernized and highly modified version of the American M-113 armored personnel carrier. Systems & Electronics Inc has produced the TOW UnderArmour (TUA) turret on the VCC-1 chassis for Saudi Arabia.

Specifications Length

5040 milimeter

Width

2680 milimeter

Height

2080 milimeter

armament

main: 1 mtr.da 12.7 milimeter; secondary: 1 mtr. from 7.62

Crew

1 pilot

slope max

60%

Transport

8 men

Autonomy

450 km

Speed max

64 km/h

VCC 80 Dardo [Dart] VCC 80 Dardo HITFIST The Italian Army has decided to procure two types of combat vehicle, tracked main battle tanks and wheeled armoured vehicles. To meet the specifications for vehicles for intervention in classic battlefield operations a new infantry fighting vehicle has been developed. The Dardo infantry fighting vehicle is an Italian combat tank and a motorised personnel carrier. In service with the Italian Army, it will replace the VCC (modernized M-113). It has automatic fire control and passive night vision capabilities, and it is planned to develop a variety of different versions (combat engineers, recovery, transmissions, antiaircraft, etc.). It can accommodate a 3 + 7 crew and is armed with a 25 mm cannon, a launcher either side of the turret for a Hughes TOW ATGW and a fire control system with a laser rangefinder. It is produced by the Iveco-Fiat-Oto Melara 50/50 joint venture, a consortium set up in 1985 to produce combat vehicles, with plants in Bolzano (Iveco) and La Spezia (Oto Melara). Iveco produces engines, spare parts, suspension systems, tracks and the hull for the wheeled vehicles, and Oto Melara the weaponry, fire-control system, turrets and optical systems and hulls for the tracked vehicles. The Dardo HITFIST vehicle is a development of the VCC-80 infantry fighting vehicle. Image 2: Vcc 80 Dart. Crew: 9 Weight: 23 ton. Dimensions: 6.70 Xs 3 Xs 2.70 ms. Armament:. Motor: Iveco of 520 Cv. Transmission: Automatic. Suspension: Barras of torsion and shock absorbers. Traction: Caterpillars. Benefits: V. Maxima, 70 Km/h; Autonomy, 600 Km;

Specifications Country of origin

Italy

Weight

23 tons

Height to top of chassis

1.750 m

Height to top of turret

2.64 m

Length

6.7 m

Width

3.0 m

Crew

9 (driver, commander, gunner and six troops)

Maximum speed

more than 70 km/hour

Mobility

Fording, 1.5 m Crossing of ditches, 2.5 m Vertical obstacle, 0.85 m

Main gun

25 mm Oerlikon KBA automatic stabilised cannon

Ammunition

200 rounds ready to fire

Machine guns

2 x 7.62 mm NATO

Antitank guided weapon launchers

2 xTOW optional

Engine

Iveco 6v Diesel

Vextra The new generation Vextra 8x8 wheeled armoured vehicle has a high level of ballistic protection and strong growth potential. Its mobility over difficult terrains has been demonstrated in recent trials. The private venture Giat Industries VEXTRA high-mobility chassis is being marketed for a number of roles, having first been shown fitted with the Giat Industries Dragar turret armed with a 25 mm cannon, The firepower of the Vextra 105 version, with its stabilized 105 mm turret, enables it to engage tanks.

Specifications Country of Origin

France

Builder

Giat Industries

Armament

105mm

Panhard M3 VTT (APC) Specifications Country of origin:

France

Source Crew

2 + Infantry Section

Armament

2 x 7.62mm MAG

Warrior Warrior is an armoured combat vehicle. It is NBC proof, and a full range of night vision equipment is included as standard. Warrior is part of a family of seven variants which include a Milan carrier, a mechanised recovery vehicle, an engineer combat version and an artillery command vehicle. Warrior has excellent cross country mobility and is armed with a 30 mm Rarden cannon. Used by armoured infantry battalions, Royal Artillery and Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers. The GKN Defence Warrior Armoured Combat Vehicle was accepted for service with the British Army in November 1984 and production began in 1986. The original order of 1 053 vehicles has now been reduced to 789, with the final delivery in 1995. The Warrior, as it is normally called, has a combat weight of 25.7 tonnes, a maximum speed of 75km/h (48 km/h in reverse) a maximum road range of 660 km and is able to mount 60% gradients and 40% side slopes. It is armed with both a 30 mm L21 Rarden cannon and a 7.62 mm machine gun and smoke laying equip-ment consisting of 2 x 4 smoke grenade dis-chargers. It can carry a crew of 3 + 7. Warrior took part in Operation Desert Storm in early 1991, where six variants were deployed .

Specifications Weight loaded

24,500kg

Length

6.34m

Height to turret top

2.78m

Width

3.0m

Max Road Speed

75kph

Road Range

500km

Engine

Rolls Royce CV8 diesel

Crew

3 (carries 7 infantry soldiers)

Armament

30mm Rarden cannon Coaxial 7.62mm Hughes Chain Gun

Weapon carrier weasel 1 MK/TOW Waffenträger Wiesel 1 MK/TOW Engine performance: 64 KW (87 HP) Weight: approx. 2.75 t Maximum speed: approx. 80 km/h Operating range: approx. 730 km Crew: 2 Armament: Mounted automatic cannon 20 mm Antitank defense guided missile TOW

LKW gl leicht Wolf Interim Fast Attack Vehicles (IFAV) The Marine Corp's Interim Fast Attack Vehicle (IFAV) is a DaimlerChrysler model of the Mercedes-Benz MB 290 GD 1.5 ton truck off-road vehicle built as the Wolf Gelaendegaengige Kleinfahrzeuge {small all terrain vehicle} for the German Bundeswehr. First deployed to a US Marine unit in November 1999, the IFAV replaces its early 1980s counterpart, the M-151 Fast Attack Vehicle, which previously served as a smaller attack version of the humvee. Of major importance to Marine commanders is the increased offensive power the IFAV offers. A primary advantage of the IFAV is its ability to be transported internally by Marine Corps’ workhorse aircraft, to include the CH-46 Sea Knight, CH-53 Sea Stallion, and in the future, the V-22 Osprey. Other improvements to the IFAV have made it far superior to the M-151 in most respects. The M-151 didn’t quite have the mobility, speed, or durability to get Marines into the environments they will need to be in during the 21st century. The M-151’s tendency to tip over as well as the fact that it used flammable unleaded fuel, made it a safety liability. Run by safer diesel fuel and equipped with greater handling ability, the IFAV appears to be tailor-made for the Marine Corps.

Eryx Eryx is a Short Range Anti-Armour Weapon (Heavy) or SRAAW(H). It is a portable system including the firing post, the tripod, the Mirabel thermal imager and the missile tube. It provides the infantry section and the armoured reconnaissance assault troop with an improved capability in accuracy and penetration. Fired from the shoulder or using the tripod, Eryx can defeat all modern static or moving tanks. With its tandem high explosive warhead, it is effective against bunkers, earth works, and armour targets even when equipped with explosive reactive armour (ERA). Eryx can operate in all weather conditions, in normal battlefield smoke and at night. Its high flexibility allows it to operate in open ground, wooded zones or an enclosed space in built-up areas. It can be transported in most Canadian combat vehicles. A practice inert missile is also available for training. Basic training is conducted by using the Eryx video interactive gunnery simulator (EVIGS). The Eryx precision gunnery simulator (EPGS) is another simulator used for advanced training.

Crew 1 gunner and 1 loader

Characteristics

Calibre missile: main warhead: Warhead:

137.4 mm 136 mm Tandem shaped charges high explosive (HE)

Weight firing post: tripod: thermal imager: missile tube: in tactical container:

5 kg 5 kg 3.5 kg 12.5 kg

Range:

50 m to 600 m

Time of flight to maximum range:

4.3 seconds

Guidance:

optically tracked, single wire semi-automatic command to line of sight

Control:

thrust vector controlled

Missile velocity at launch: at 600 m:

18 m/s 245 m/s

Rate of fire:

5 missiles in two minutes

Operating conditions:

-31°C to +51°C

Sights:

optical and thermal imagery

Manufacturers Eryx: Mirabel thermal imager: EVIGS: EPGS:

Aerospatiale, France TCO/Asaca, Montreal, Canada Simtran, Montreal, Canada Lockheed Martin Solartron Systems, United Kingdom

Milan The joint venture Euromissile was created in 1972 by Germany's Daimler-Benz Aerospace (DASA) and France's Aerospatiale SA. Since the mid-1970s, and to this day, its Milan and Hot anti-tank weapons and the Roland surface-to-air system have been highly successful. Milan is a second generation anti-tank weapon, the result of a joint development between France and West Germany with British Milan launchers and missiles built under licence in the UK. The Milan consists of two main components, the launcher and the missile; these are simply clipped together to prepare the system for use. On firing, the operator has only to keep his aiming mark on the target and the Semi Automatic Command to Line of Sight (SACLOS) guidance system will do the rest. The missile is guided for its entire trajectory by an automatic device of remote control using the infra-red radiation (MILAN 1) or an electronic-flash lamp (MILAN 2). Milan, which was initially developed for the French and German infantry, is now in service in 41 countries all over the world. The new-generation weapon Milan 3 has been in service since 1996.

Specifications Contractor Entered Service Max Range

2,000m;

Min Range

400m;

Length

918mm;

Weight

6.73kg;

Diameter

125mm;

Wing Span

267mm;

Rate of Fire

3-4rpm;

Warhead

Weight 2.70kg; Diameter 115mm; Explosive Content 1.79kg;

Firing Post Weight

16.4kg;

Length

900mm;

Height

650mm;

Width

420mm;

Armour Penetration

352mm;

Time of Flight to

12.5secs;

Max Range Missile Speed

720kph;

Guidance

Semi-Automatic command to line of sight by means of wire guidance link.

105mm Light Gun The 105mm Lt gun is a versatile, airportable and airmobile artillery piece which can be carried around the battle field underslung from a Puma or Chinook. Used by the Parachute and Commando Field Artillery Regiments of the British Army. In service since 1975 it has replaced the 105mm Pack Howitzer. Robust and reliable, the gun proved its worth in the Falklands, firing up to 400 rounds per day.          

Crew 6; Weight 1,858 kg; Length 8.8m; Width 1.78m; Height 2.13m; Ammunition HE, Smoke, Illuminating, Target Marking; Maximum Range (HE) 17.2 kms; Anti Tank Range 800m; Muzzle Velocity 709m/s; Shell Weight HE 15.1 kg; Rate of Fire 6 rpm.

FH-70 - 155mm Howitzer A towed howitzer capable of moving itself by an auxiliary power unit. The maximum range is about 30 km. First delivered to the British Army in 1978, the howitzer is in service with two regiments, and is also used by Japan. Designed to enable NATO forces to use the 155mm round which is capable of disrupting massed armoured formations. The gun is normally towed into action, but in emergencies can use a small petrol engine mounted on the gun to move short distances on the battlefield.

Specifications Crew

8

Weight Height

2.56m

Engine

Volkswagen 1,795cc petrol

LENGTH OVERALL

9,800mm (travelling) 12,400mm (firing)

BARREL LENGTH

6,022mm

Height

2.56m

MAX WEIGHT

about 9,600kg 8,800 kg (in firing position)

SHELL LOADING SYSTEM

automatic

CALIBRE

155mm

Ammunition

HE, Smoke, Illuminating

Maximum Range

30 km (RAP) 24 km

Shell Weight

(HE) 43.5kg

RATE OF FIRE

6 rounds per min.

Engine

Volkswagen 1,795cc petrol

FH 77 155 mm Field Howitzer System The FH 77 is still one of the world's most revolutionary towed field artillery systems. It has an on-mount auxiliary power unit (APU) that gives the system its self-propelled capability and supplies power to the hydraulically supported operations, making it easy to handle. It also has the unique advantage of having a fully integrated land navigation system that gives the coordinates of the gun position and automatic alignment of the barrel. The FH77 B is now integrated with a 6x6 all-terrain vehicle making it an extremely powerful, highly mobile artillery system. It's into-action time is less than 50 s. An artillery sequence: into action; fire 8 rounds; out of action and move 500 m takes less than 3 minutes. The gun has a range of 30 km, it can fire 3 rounds within 13 s and a has sustained rate of fire of 8 rounds/minute. On the move the gun crew is transported in an armoured cabin. The on-mount ammunition boxes, in effect magazines, have the same level of protection as the crew compartment. The FH77 B has its own land navigation system, eliminating surveying and alignment and the complete system has very low LCC.

Field howitzer 155 mm FH 155-1 Feldhaubitze 155 mm FH155-1 Engine performance (auxiliary drive): 49 KW (65 HP) Weight: approx. 9,6t Group of cannons: 7 Armament: Combat distance: to 24,700 m Cadence: 6 round(s)/min.

155 TRacté model F1 The artillery gun 155 TRacté model F1, intended to equip regiments of infantry, is characterized by good strategic mobility, great fire power, and a simple implementation. This rapid-fire 155 mm gun is a double trail configuration with a swivelling platform. Its barrel of 40 calibers is the same one as that is used on the 155 mm AUF vehicle. It is tractor drawn by a truck [TRM 10000] equipped with a crane for handling of the pallets of ammunition. The maximum range is of 24 km with the high-explosive shells Mle F1, 30 km are envisaged with ammunition with extended range. A hydraulic mechanism of assistance to the loading of the shell makes it possible to draw 3 shots in 15 seconds, or 6 rounds per minute during 10 minutes, or 120 rounds during one hour. In the event of breakdown of this device, the shooting is still possible in manual loading, but at reduced rate. Secondary armament consists of a machine-gun of 12,7mm on the tractor TRM 10000, and able to carry out anti-aircraft shootings and with ground. A crew of 8 men: 1 head of part, 1 pointer, 1 charger, 2 providers, 2 bomb disposal experts, 1 conductor tractor of part. The setting out of battery is carried out in less than 5 minutes, and the output of battery in 2 minutes thanks to the hydraulic system. The pointing is hydraulic in direction and height. In the event of breakdown, this one is possible in range, for example by connecting the hydraulic devices of the gun to those of the tractor. The gun can only move, at reduced speed (7 km/h to the maximum), to join its position of part, by using a hydraulic transmission driven by a thermal engine. It can cross slopes of 60% and the fords of 1.20 m. The gun can fire all French ammunition as well as foreign rounds. Its normal ammunition is the high-explosive shell Mle F1. The propelling loads are consulted by combustible cartridges (in fabric ouen celluloid). The gun can also draw the combustible casing from CN 155 and the cartridges of the 155 automouvant F3. Length attachment: 17,35 m Length gun in position of road: 8,76 m Mass tractor in load: 19 tons Masses gun: 10 tons Speed on road: 80 km/h Capacity of carrying of the tractor: 48 rounds of 155 mm - 24 on pallets - 24 in rack. Initial speed in maximum loading: 830 m/s Carried maximum: existing shell: OE 155 Mle F1 = 24 km shell with wide range: 30 km (approximately) vertical Field of fire: 90 m to 1170 m

AS 90 155mm - Self Propelled Howitzer First delivered to the British Army in 1993, the AS90 equips 5 field regiments, replacing the Abbot and M109. AS90 is equipped with a 155mm gun which fires the NATO L15 unassisted projectile out to a range of 24.7 kms. Fitted with autonomous navigation and gun laying system (AGLS), AS90 can work independently of external sighting references. Central to the system is an inertial Dynamic Reference Unit (DRU). All main turret functions are controlled by a Turret Control Computer (TCC). This technology allows AS90 a burst fire capability of 3 rounds in 10 seconds.            

Crew 5; Length 9.07m: Width 3.3m; Height 3.0m overall; Armour 17mm; Calibre 155mm; Range (39 cal) 24.7 kms (52 cal) 30 kms; Rate of Fire 3 rounds in 10 secs (burst) 6 rounds per minute (intense) 2 rounds per minute (sustained); Secondary Armament 7.62mm MG; Ammunition Carried 48 x 155 mm projectiles and charges (31 turret & 17 hull); Engine turbo-charged V8 diesel 600hp; Max Speed 53 kph; Road Range 420 kms.

AUF-1 Canon de 155 AUtomoteur modèle F1 The 155-mm automatic cannon AUF-1 is intended to equip forces with armoured artillery to ensure the missions of support of direct and indirect fire. The 155-mm gun is assembled from a turret on the chasis of the AMX 30, providing mobility close to that of this battle tank. The range of the gun of 39 calibers makes it possible to reach 23.5 km with normal ammunition and 30 km with wide range ammunition. The system can as well fire all the ammunition of 155 mm, French as foreign. Its normal ammunition is the highexplosive shell with hollow base. The propelling loads are consisted combustible casings containing of the powder sachets. The initial speed in maximum loading is 810 m/s. The vehicle is capable of carrying 42 complete rounds: 7 racks of 6 shells, 7 racks of 6 combustible casings. Restocking of ammunition can be realized in fifteen minutes with 4 men. The pace of firing with an automatic attachment feeding in ammunition, using combustible casings, allows to firing 6 shots in 45 seconds and 12 shots in 2 minutes. In the event of breakdown partial or total of this device, firing is still possible manually but at reduced rate. Protection counters Chemical, Bacteriological and Nuclear effects (N.B.C.) thanks to the sealing of the turret, as well as projectiles of light automatic weapons. The secondary armament is a 12.7-mm machine gun on circular being able to carry out anti-aircraft and ground fire.

Specifications Crew

4 men: 1 commander, 1 pointer, 1 bomb disposal expert-charger, 1 pilot.

mass

43 T

maximum speed

60 km/h

field of fire in direction

360°

field of fire in height

5° with +66°

time of setting out of battery

2 to 3 mn

time of output of battery

2 to 5 mn

response time

2 to 3 mn

change of position of one 1/2 range

50 mn with 1 H

Range

shell with hollow base: 23,5 km shell of 155 56/69: 21,5 km shell with wide range: 30 km

Caesar An innovative 155 mm system fitted with a NATO standard 52 calibre barrel, CAESAR (CAmion Equipe d'un Systeme d'ARtillerie) stands out for its high firepower and strategic mobility. This Giat Industries private venture mounts a 155 mm/52 calibre on a modified German Mercedes-Benz UNIMOG (6 x 6) cross-country truck chassis. Compared with other self-propelled artillery systems, it has greater strategic mobility, has a maximum road range of 600 km, and can be rapidly deployed to a far off theatre of operations by transport aircraft such as the C130 Hercules.

Specifications Country of Origin

France

Builder

Giat Industries

Armament

155mm

PzH 2000 (Panzerhaubitze 2000) The German PzH 2000 (Panzerhaubitze 2000) is Germany's next generation 155millimeter self-propelled howitzer, and is among the most capable howitzers. The required range of 30 km with standard NATO- ammunition or almost 40 km with assisted ammunition is achieved by the newly developed 52 cal. 155 mm armament, and also by the new Modular Charge System (MTLS). Continued use of the in-service bag charges is also possible. The 155mm armament is automatically laid at high speed and precision, its position is checked after every fired round and, if necessary, it is relayed automatically. The automatic shell loading system includes different semi- automatic and manual backup modes, an automatic primer magazine, and automatic inductive fuze setting. A hybrid Global Positioning System [GPS] navigation system is used for navigating and determining the position of the gun barrel. An on-board ballistic computer with a radio data link to an external fire control command post enables the gun to conduct fire missions quickly and independently from any unprepared firing position after receiving target position and ammunition data. The PzH 2000 is also able to automatically lay its main armament in accordance with laying and ammunition data radio transmitted by a fire control command post The PzH 2000 155mm self propelled howitzer was developed by Krauss Maffei Wegmann and Co GmbH for the German Army. In 1986 Italy, the United Kingdom, and Germany, agreed to terminate the trilateral cooperation on the PzH 155-1 (SP 70) program, and German industry was asked to submit bid proposals for PzH 155 mm (front-driven). Wegmann received a contract in March 1996 for production of 185 units [out of an eventual total of 594] with deliveries between 1998 and 2002 for use in the "crisis reaction forces" (KRK) as well as for first deployment in the Main Forces. Wegmann & Co GmbH, Kassel and Krauss-Maffei Wehrtechnik GmbH, Munich, the two key players on the German and international market for military land vehicles on tracks and wheels have merged in 1998. Wegmann anticipates that there is an international market as ageing US-developed M109s, towed howitzers, and former Eastern bloc equipments requires replacement. NATO standardization requirements as well as the Joint Ballistic Memorandum of Understanding endorsed by France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom and the United States are met, which ensures interoperability of the PzH 2000 and the interchangeability of ammunition. It is the objective of Wegmann´s international marketing efforts to interest additional allied and friendly armies in the PzH 2000 with the intention of introducing and procuring this weapon system jointly with the German artillery. A larger procurement quantity will result in a lower unit price in Germany as well as a more attractive competitive price on the world market. The PzH 2000 is an improvement over the US Paladin, but it does not meet all of the American Crusader's requirements. The PzH 2000 is configured as a typical howitzer, with the majority of the crew located in the weapons compartment [the Crusader vehicles have separate crew and weapons compartments, which allows additional armor to be placed around the crew compartment and provides better protection from hits in the

weapons compartment]. PzH 2000 contractor officials have said that they could develop an automated resupply vehicle based on the PzH 2000 chassis and modify the PzH 2000 howitzer to meet all of the Crusader key requirements and many of the other Crusader requirements. A modified PzH 2000 howitzer and an automated PzH 2000-based resupply vehicle each would require a crew of three--the same crew size as the Crusader vehicles are expected to require. However, a modified PzH 2000 howitzer would still have crew located in the weapons compartment and the associated adverse impact on survivability.

Specifications Country of origin

Germany

Crew

3+2 (3 men sufficient for operation)

Weight

< 55 tons / MLC 60 tons

Length

11.669 m (overall) 7.920 m (hull)

Width

3.58 m

Heigth

3.06 m (turret roof)

Clearance

0.44m

Armament

1 X 155 / L 52 1 X 7.62 mm.

Ammunition

60 shells, 288 uni-charge modules or equivalent bag charges

Resupply

60 complete rounds by 2 crew members in less than 10 minutes 50 seconds

Elevation

-2.5° to +65°; n x 360°

Maximum Range

30 km with standard NATO-projectiles 36.5km with base-bleed ammunition [proven] up to 40 km with assisted projectiles

Rate of Fire

3 rounds less than 10 seconds 10 rounds per minute (for 1 minute) 20 rounds less than 2 minutes 10 seconds 8 rounds per minute (for 3 minutes) 3 rounds per minute sustained rate of fire until system is out of ammunition

Rearm time

less than 11 minutes

Engine

736 KW - power pack V8 diesel

Power to weight ratio 13.4 KW / t Transmission

Automatic

Suspension

torsion bar and shock absorbers

Traction

Caterpillars

Speed

60 Km/h Highway speed 45 Km/h Cross-country speed 750 meters 90-second survival dash speed

Cruising range

> 420 km

Maximum gradient

50%

Fording ability

1.5 m

Crossing of ditches

3 ms

Vertical obstacle

1m

Rocket launcher 110 SF 2 Raketenwerfer 110 SF 2 Engine performance: 235 KW (320 HP) Weight: approx. 17.5 t Maximum speed: 90 km/h Operating range: 550 km Group of throwers: 3 Armament: Caliber of 110 mm Range of fire: 14,000 m Rate of fire: 36 Schuss/18 sec..

Lance-Roquettes Multiple (LRM) The Lance-Roquettes Multiple (LRM) multiple lanch rocket system is a complete unit including a launcher, adapted ammunition, systems of management and data transmission, as well as specific means of acquisition. The LRM is intended to destroy the armoured unfavourable targets, to slow down the adversary, to neutralize the forces of support and support, and to stop the second level. The launcher of the LRM can contain twelve rockets, or two ATACMS missiles. A whole of electronic cases specialized in fact a modular system of simple design and easy support. The pods of ammunition are conveyed by the logistic freight vehicle (VTL). The lifting arm of the LRM allows the installation, demounting, the installation and the locking of baskets in the container-launcher. The localization and the orientation of the LRM is ensured by an inertial power station with two axes (determining a direction), coupled to an odometer (measuring the distances covered) and connected to the central computer. Retimings of the power station are requested automatically from the operator. The central computer manages the whole of the functions and defines the parameters of shooting by means of software: course of the launcher, layer and rise of shooting, vent rocket, a number of points concerned and consumption. It is assisted by a unit specialized in the management of the parameters of shooting and the data of position coming from the inertial power station; this unit conveys the commands of shooting to the rockets and supervises their report of status. The pointing, in site and direction, is carried out automatically for each departure of rocket. The average interval between two firings of rockets is 4.5 seconds. It can be a little as two seconds, or at will increased. The manual mode gives to the operator all the desired flexibility: isolated shooting, salvo of three launches, selection of the rockets, etc. The LRM and its ammunition are protected from NBC attacks. The ammunition is delivered from a container-launcher of 6 rockets, transported by truck of 10 tons (24 rockets per truck). The grenade rocket M 26: length: 394 m gauge: 227 mm mass: 310 kg This rocket are equipped with a powder booster. It is stabilized in flight by rotation and spreadable wings. The warhead consists of six hundred and quarantequatre grenades for double purpose, anti-personnel and anti-tank light. These grenades are dispersed on more than two thousand square meters. The capacity of perforation is 70 mm steel. The range of the dangerous fragments is thirty meters. A rocket regulated directly by the computer of the launcher starts a load of discharge to disperse the grenades above the objective. The grenade rockets, currently in service, have as a role to destroy either fixed objectives, slightly armoured and of capital importance for the enemy operation, or of the deployed units. The PC, the batteries of artillery, the centers logistic, the radiant sites, the zones to pose and of supply for helicopters are thus its top priority maximum range higher than 30 km. Ammunition in service in the American army includes the rocket with mines AT-2: length: 3,94 m gauge: 237 mm mass: 260 kg submunitions: a few tens AT-2 anti-tank device carried maximum range of about 40 km. This rocket is developed from the missile ATACMS (Army Tactical Missile System). The ATACMS is a semi-ballistic missile intended to destroy, break or delay the unfavourable forces of the second level. It carries

some thousand bombs of one kilo of anti-personnel and antimateriel capacity. The preferential objectives of this system of weapons are the sites of ground-to-ground missile and ground-to-air, the centers of command, the elements logistic, and the nodes of transmissions. The rocket with terminal guidance has the same ballistic characteristics as the rocket AT 2. Each rocket comprises several submunitions. Its submunitions are designed to detect, identify, attack and destroy targets. Mass: machine alone: 14 tons machine and artillery: 19,5 tons machine in command of combat: 24,5 tons Speed: 48 km/h in 20 seconds, and 70 km/h of maximum speed Dimensions: length: 6,7 m width: 2,7 m height: 2,97 m Give rhythm shooting: 12 rockets in less than 1 minute

Rocket launcher MARS Raketenwerfer MARS Weight (load): approx. 24 t Maximum speed: 64 km/h Operating range: 480 km Crew: 3 Armament: Caliber of 230 mm Range of fire: depending upon ammunition sort to 39,000 m Rate of fire: 12 Schuss/50 sec..

Air defense cannon tank Gepard Flugabwehrkanonenpanzer Gepard Engine performance: 610 KW (830 HP) Weight: approx. 47 t Maximum speed: approx. 60 km/h Operating range: 420 km Crew: 3 Armament: Twin mounted automatic cannon 35 mm Rate of fire 550 shot for each tubing/min. Combat distance: 3,500 m

Javelin Javelin is a short-range, shoulder launched, close air defence guided weapon system. Its primary role is the protection of combat units and static locations against low level air attack. Javelin is an evolution of the Blowpipe system. It is carried in a Land-Rover and trailer or a Spartan, but is manportable over short distances. Being replaced by Starstreak HVM.

        

Length 1.4m; Missile Diameter 76cm; Missile Weight 11.1 kgs; Max Range 4.5 kms; Warhead Weight 2.72 kgs; Max Altitude 3,000 feet; Max Speed Mach 1.7 +, Fuse Proximity or Impact; Guidance SACLOS; Mount Man Portable.

Mistral The Mistral, a fire and forget missile, equipped with a high technology infrared homing head, is fully autonomous after firing. Lightweight (20 kg), it reaches a speed of more than 800m/second (Mach 2.5) and its guidance accuracy, its manoeuvrability and its laser proximity or impact fuse triggered 3 kg warhead, ensure exceptional effectiveness against aircraft, helicopters and anti-ship missiles. More than 600 MISTRAL missiles have been fired under operational conditions with a success rate over 92%. Some 15,000 missiles have been ordered by eight European countries, eight in Asia-Pacific, four in South America and three in the Middle-East.

Specifications Date Deployed

1988

Range

5 km ( at 4 km effective against helicopters )

Speed

1492 knots

Propulsion

two stage solid propellant boost motor

Guidance

All-aspect Infra-red

Warhead

3 kg HE tungsten ball

Fuze

Laser proximity

Launch Weight

18 kg

Length

1.80 m

Diameter

90mm

Fin Span

180mm

Rapier Field Standard C (FSC) The Rapier FSC system provides a Low Level Air Defence (LLAD) capability over the battlefield. It consists of a launcher with 8 ready to fire missiles and an electrooptical tracker (shown). Each fire unit can cover an Air Defence Area (ADA) of approximately 100 square kms.

             

Guidance Semi Automatic to line Sight (SACLOS): Missile Diameter 13.3 cm; Missile Length 2.35m; Rocket Solid Fueled; Warhead High Explosive; Launch Weight 42kg; Speed Mach 2+; Ceiling 3,000m; Maximum Range Around 8 kms; Fire Unit Height 2.13m; Fire Unit Weight 1,227kg; Radar Height (in action) 3.37m; Radar Weight 243kg; Generator Height 0.91m.

Roland The ROLAND 2 weapon system is intended for anti-aircraft defence of armoured and mechanized the units to counter aircraft flying to nearly Mach 1.5 and hovering helicopters. ROLAND is generally employed either in complement of the coverage of HAWK defense of zones and corridors not defended by the HAWK, or in prolongation of the HAWK front. ROLAND ensures the overall defense of a zone of 100 km2 vis-a-vis a threat consisted by a patrol of 4 planes or 2 patrols acting at more than 20 second intervals. Deployed on a tracked vehicle derived from the tank AMX 30, it comprises a radar with a range of 16 km, a sighting tube with an infra-red locator that measures the difference between the missile in flight and the line of sight of the fire control radar, and a computer antenna for remote control Two arm-beams for launching carry each one a missile in its launching tube, and two ammunition stores for munitions each contain one 4 shot mechanism forautomatic unloading of the arm-beam. The crew of the vehicle consists of three man. Three operating modes are available in the ROLAND 2: the optical mode; the mode radar; and the optical mode recopy-radar or radar-recopy-optics. Whatever operating mode is chosen, the target is detected by the radar, search in site and the continuation of the target after acquisition is carried out manually in radar mode. In the third mode, one of the means of continuation is controlled to the different one, which facilitates their communication. After the firing, the optics or the radar remain pointed at the target, the computer generates the commands for guidance by using two different groups of measurements: starting from the measurement angular velocities of pointing and programmed values of the distance precise alignment is obtained while adding to the result preceding the commands necessary to the correction by the real variations of the missile compared to the axis of aiming measured by the infra-red goniometer (optical mode), or compared to the direction of the target the commands are transmitted to the missile by the transmitter of remote control. The missile is ready with the shooting inside its container (tactical packing), itself placed under the arms launchers of the tank. The vehicle has two missiles ready for firing and eight in the trunks. The American ROLAND program was canceled in September 1981. Previously, low-rate production (LRP) had been approved in FY 79 and FY 80. The initial LRP contracts were let in October 1979, with planned procurement based upon the eventual production of fire units and missiles to support a four-battalion force structure concept. Subsequent budget decisions by President Carter reduced quantities at first to a two-battalion force, then to one battalion. The DOD budget approved by President Reagan in March 1981 originally redirected the program back to four battalions, until it was decided to terminate this effort.

Specifications

Surface to Air (SAM) Range Altitude, (m) Basic load on vehicle Detection range, km Reaction time, sec Firing time, sec Speed Reload time Probability of hit Warhead Command guidance Radar(s) Emplace/displace time (min) Support vehicles Chassis

Roland II maximum: 6 000 m minimal: 700 to 2 000 m according to the Ceiling 5,500 10 missiles (2 per launcher) 16.5 4-10 1st shooting: 8 to 10 seconds later shooting: 2 to 6 seconds Mach 1.6 approximately 10 second 80% HE hollow charge RF SACLOS or CLOS Siemens/Thomson-CSF D-band pulse-Doppler search radar, Thomson-CSF J-Band monopulse Doppler tracking radar 3 None AMX-30 , Marder APC, trucks, or in fixed shelters

Starstreak HVM Starstreak HVM (High Velocity Missile) continues the development path of both Blowpipe and Javelin. It can be shoulder launched, fired from the Lightweight Multiple Launcher (LML) or vehicle borne on the Alvis Stormer APC which has an 8 round launcher (12 reload missiles can be carried inside the vehicle). Starstreak is designed to counter threats from very high performance low flying aircraft and fast pop-up type strikes by attack helicopters.     

Missile Length 1.39m; Missile Diameter 0.27m; Missile Speed Mach 3+; Max Range 5 kms; Min Range 300m

The missile is boosted to maximum velocity by a two-stage propulsion system at which point three darts, each with an impact fuze, are released and are guided on to the target by the operator. HVM offers a high kill probability against fixed- and rotary-wing targets including pop-up helicopters. While the SL and LML configurations provide great flexibility in terms of deployment options, the Army’s highly mobile, armoured vehiclebased SP version has been specifically designed to provide close air defence of armoured formations.

Air Defence Alerting Device The Air Defence Alerting device is a passive air defence alerter designed to work in conjunction with the HVM missile system. Operating as an infra red search and tracking system in the 8 - 14 micron waveband, the alerter is designed to operate against low and fast moving fixed wing aircraft, as well as the latest generation of attack helicopters. The alerter can be ground mounted to support shoulder launched / LML HVM or vehicle mounted on the Stormer HVM vehicle.

TRIDON The TRIDON Air Defence Gun System is a 40 mm VSHORAD development concept in several configurations. TRIDON can also be a cost-effective upgrading alternative and has been configured to meet and destroy the air threat wherever it appears. It is a high fire-power, highly mobile autonomous 40 mm gun system mounted on a 6x6 all-terrain chassis. The system concept gives short reaction time, high firing endurance and deployment in less than 60 seconds. Everyting required to combat the enemy, from command and control to ammunition and spares is carried on mount. And with Bofors 40 mm 3P ammunition it can take on almost any threat and defeat lightly armoured vehicles, surface targets, concealed troops and attack helicopers. For the Swedich costal defence forces a version called TriKA is under development. A prototype with optronic fire control system was tested during 1998 and was fitted with IR-search system for trial during 1999.