Ethics N Nrsg Reserch

College of Nursing Silliman University

Ethics in Nursing Research Florenda F. Cabatit RN. MA Facilitator

Hi stori cal Context  Past

• German experimentation • Tuskegee Syphilis study

 Present

• Cancer research in Brooklyn

Historical Context  Ethical

system designed to prevent people from being used as scientific guinea pigs  Contemporary emphasis on the ‘rights’ of people to take risks to save themselves

Ethical Codes and Regulations      

Nuremberg Code Declaration of Helsinki, Helsinki II The Belmont Report Codes of Federal Regulations for the Protection of Human Subjects (1981, 1991) ANA Human Rights Guidelines for Nurses in Clinical and other research (1985) ANA Position statement on Ethics and Human Rights (1991).

The Nurember g C ode

The B elmo nt R eport

Declaration of Helsinki

Declaration of Helsinki contd.

Ethical Principles The principle of beneficence -

Encompasses the maxim “ Above all do no harm”

Dimensions: Freedom from harm - Freedom from exploitation Benefits from Research The risk/benefit ratio -

The Principle of Res pe ct for Huma n Di gnity

Dimensions:  The

right to selfdetermination  The Right to Full disclosure

●

Informed consent

•Voluntary participation

Th e Pri nciple of Ju stice Dimensions: 1.The Right to Privacy

•Anonymity •Confidentiality

Th e Pri nciple of Ju stice Dimension 2.The Right to Fair Treatment

•Right to services

Vulnerable Groups • The old and the young • Mentally or physically disabled • Institutionalized persons • Pregnant women

Ele ments o f In for me d Con sent 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Purpose of the research project Procedures Risks and discomforts Benefits Alternatives to participation Confidentiality Request for more information

Elements of Informed Consent contd. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Refusal or Withdrawal Injury statement Consent statement Signatures

Institutional Review Boards  Mechanism

for reviewing proposed research  Mechanism for protecting the institution and researcher  Submitting an IRB proposal