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SULIT 6355/2 English for Science and Technology Kertas 2 September 2009
6355/2
MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA
1 jam
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2009
ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Kertas 2 6 3 5 5
Satu jam
2
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU
Arahan 1. 2. 3. 4.
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian dan 30 soalan. Jawab semua soalan. Hitamkan semua jawapan anda untuk Bahagian A dan Bahagian B di dalam kertas jawapan yang disediakan. Soalan-soalan yang dikemukakan dalam kertas soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, iaitu A, B, C dan D. Pilih satu jawapan sahaja
Instructions 1. 2. 3. 4.
This question paper consists of two sections and 30 questions. Answer all questions. Shade all your answers for Section A and Section B on the answer sheet provided. Questions in this question paper are followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose only one answer.
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 15 halaman bercetak dan 1 halaman tidak bercetak
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©2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA
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Questions 1 – 25 are based on the given stimuli. Study the information carefully and choose the best answer. When an earthquake takes place beneath the sea bed, it may produce a wave in the sea. In the open ocean, the wave may hardly be noticed. But if it reaches shallow water near a coast, the wave may rise to heights of 30 metres or more. These giant waves are called tsunamis. 1.
Tsunamis are caused by A
shallow waters near a coast
B
giant waves of 30 metres or more
C
wave movements in the open ocean
D
earthquakes under the ocean floor
Chalk is a mineral usually found on the seabed and seaside cliffs. This mineral is formed from very fine grains of calcium carbonate that have separated from seawater and settled to become white, muddy sediment on the sea floor. Over millions of years, the sediment hardened to form chalk.
2.
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The sediment is made up of A
tiny pieces of chalk
B
calcium carbonate grains
C
seawater and chalk grains
D
mud and calcium carbonate
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3
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Questions 3 – 4 are based on the following text. Viruses exhibit some but not all the characteristics of living things. Viruses, like all living cellular organisms, contain protein and nucleic acid. However, unlike cellular organisms, viruses can be solidified into crystals. But when placed in solutions, they become active again. Unlike cellular organisms, viruses do not repair, grow, or respond to stimuli. Viruses can reproduce only within a living cell, called a host cell. During reproduction, many viruses kill the host cell. However, cellular organisms do not necessarily need a host to reproduce.
3.
4.
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The word they refers to A
viruses
B
crystals
C
solutions
D
organisms
Both viruses and cellular organisms A
contain protein and nucleic acid.
B
need a living cell to multiply.
C
can be turned into crystals.
D
can respond to stimuli.
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Wastewater treatment is essential in providing clean and safe water consumption. There are three basic phases of wastewater treatment in a treatment plant: primary, secondary and tertiary. In the primary phase, the first stage is screening where vertical metal bars remove bulky debris or objects. Next, it is passed through a grinder where organic materials are reduced in size. In a grit chamber, inorganic matters are removed. Then, in a sedimentation tank, organic materials are drawn off for disposal. Then it is further treated in a closed tank in a process called digestion. The final stage is drying where the digested sludge is dried and converted into fertiliser.
5.
Which of the following shows the stages of the primary phase of wastewater treatment? A
B
C
D
screening
screening
screening
screening
digesting
grinding
digesting
grinding
drawing off organic matter
removing of inorganic matter
removing of inorganic matter
drawing off organic matter
removing of inorganic matter
drawing off organic matter
drawing off organic matter
removing of inorganic matter
grinding
digesting
grinding
digesting
drying
drying
drying
drying
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In most mammal species, females carry their young in the uterus during the development, nourishing them by a placenta, and give birth to live young. The placenta is a specialised organ within the womb of the mother that brings the bloodstream of the foetus into close contact with the blood stream of the mother. The placenta is attached to the umbilical cord. It serves as the provisional lungs, intestines and kidneys of the embryo, without ever mixing maternal and foetal blood. Food, water, and oxygen can pass across from mother to child, and wastes can pass over to the mother’s blood and be carried away.
6.
A placenta within the womb of female mammals serves as A
the potential internal organs for the foetus
B
the bloodstream for the foetus and the mother
C
a passage for the supply of nourishment for the foetus
D
a medium for close contact of the foetus and the mother
Gingko may be effective in treating ailments associated with decreased blood flow to the brain. The circulatory system in the body can be boosted by gingko as well and it is a good option in the treatment of circulation headaches. Linden relieves tensions and sinus headaches, helping to calm the mind. Also, linden flowers improve the overall functioning of the circulatory system and researchers believe it could cure migraine as well.
7.
6355/2
Both gingko and linden can cure headaches because they work on the patient’s A
tensions
B
migraines
C
body circulation
D
circulatory system
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SULIT
6
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Since Dolly’s birth in 1997, scientists have successfully cloned a wide variety of farm animals and cloning procedures have become increasingly efficient. Only a small fraction of the transplanted embryos survive to term, however, with most dying late in pregnancy. Those that survive to be born usually die soon thereafter. Many become oversized, a condition known as large offspring syndrome. The few cloned offspring that reach childhood face an uncertain future, as their development into adults tends to go unexpectedly haywire. Almost none survive to live a normal life span.
8.
Cloned farm animals A
will all become oversized
B
are unable to live an expected life span
C
develop normally as they reach adulthood
D
have largely been successful to survive to term
Friction is a type of force that opposes the motion of an object when the object is in contact with another object or surface. Friction results from two surfaces rubbing against each other or moving relative to one another. It can hinder the motion of an object or prevent an object from moving at all. The strength of frictional force depends on the nature of the surfaces that are in contact and the force pushing them together. This force is usually related to the weight of the object or objects. 9.
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In order for objects to be moved A
their weight has to be the same.
B
the surfaces must be in contact with each other.
C
enough friction has to be forced upon the objects.
D
force has to be applied to oppose the friction caused.
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SULIT
SULIT
7
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Scientists have mapped the genetic code of honey bees, uncovering clues about their complex social behaviour and their heightened sense of smell. The honey bees or Apis mellifera evolve more slowly than other insects and have more genes related to smell. Even though the honey bees have tiny brains, they display mental prowess and can discern a flower’s shape, colour and scent quite skilfully. 10.
Compared to other insects, honey bees have a well-developed sense of smell because A
they are mentally well-developed
B
their genetic code is more complex
C
they have more smell-related genes
D
their development is similar to others
Velocity / ms-1
10 - - - - - -W
X
8 6 4 2 0
Z I 2
Y I 4
I 6
I 8
I 10
I 12
I 14 time (sec)
11.
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The graph shows a velocity – time graph of a truck moving in a straight line. Where does the truck apply its maximum speed? A
W
B
X
C
Y
D
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Hardware includes all the components used to make a computer. The entire computer frame that you see, regardless if the computer is switchedoff, is the hardware. Hardware is usually made of metal, plastic or fibre. It consists of all the parts of the computer which you can actually touch, including the keyboard, monitor, mouse, printer and disk.
12.
Based on the description in the above text, hardware is A
mainly made of metal and plastic
B
the physical parts of a computer
C
a set of keyboard, monitor, mouse, printer and disk
D
the parts of a computer that can be seen only when it is switched on
Food and water are the most common sources of parasite transmission. Since most of us eat three times a day and drink water frequently throughout the day, our exposure to these sources is constant. Tap water has been found to be contaminated with parasitic organisms. Many restaurants have less than sanitary conditions ranging from food preparation and storage to the utensils and servers’ hands.
13.
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People are easily exposed to contamination because A
people consume food and water many times a day
B
sanitary measures are followed in restaurants
C
food is left exposed all the time
D
all water is contaminated
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SULIT
SULIT
9
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Natural fibres must be cleaned or washed before being spun (twisted) into long threads of yarn. Man-made fibres are also spun: cotton polyester is a mix of natural and synthetic fibres, for example. The yarn is then woven into cloth. Not all fabrics are made by weaving. Knitting is a different process that entwines loops of yarns in a wax. 14.
Natural fibres must undergo a number of processes before being turned into cloth. Which of the following is the correct order of the process? A
Washing ------- spinning ------- mixing
B
Washing ------- weaving ------- knitting
C
Cleaning ------- washing ------- knitting
D
Cleaning ------- spinning ------- weaving
Earth’s Seasons
Sun
15.
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Which statement is true from the diagram above? A
The Sun changes position during every Equinox.
B
During the September Equinox the south experiences Summer.
C
The Earth’s rotation around the Sun determines the different seasons.
D
Winter is experienced by the Northern Hemisphere in December and June.
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Kinetic energy is energy in motion. Anything that is moving or changing has kinetic energy. Potential energy is stored energy. Something has potential energy when it is not moving, but it is about to move. Mechanical energy is produced by objects or machines changing their positions. Chemical energy is released when substances are broken down. 16.
Which of the following would be an example of the energy in a wound-up spring? A
Kinetic energy
B
Chemical energy
C
Potential energy
D
Mechanical energy
Two different blood types cannot be mixed together as the blood cells may clump together which can cause fatality. This is why blood types must be matched before blood transfusion can take place. • A person with Type A blood can donate blood to a person with Type A or Type AB • A person with Type B blood can donate blood to a person with Type B or Type AB • A person with Type AB blood can donate blood to a person with Type AB only • A person with Type O blood can donate blood to anyone.
17.
18.
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In case of emergency, which type of blood can be given to a patient with an unknown blood type? A
Type A
B
Type B
C
Type O
D
Type AB
The word clump can best be replaced with A
mix
B
clot
C
stick
D
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People with short-sightedness (myopia) are not able to see objects that are far away. This is because light rays focus in front of the retina, a result from the fact that the eye is not able to focus light rays further back, despite maximum flattening of its lens. Short-sightedness mainly affects a person’s ability to look at distant objects where the light rays come straight or parallel into the eyes. 19.
Which of the following diagrams illustrates short-sightedness?
light
light
A
B
light
light
C
D
People with bulimia often go on eating spree (binge) and secretly vomit, losing the calories acquired. It is estimated that about 3% of females are bulimic. People with bulimia are also obsessed with their body, weight gain and how they appear to others. Unlike those with anorexia, people with bulimia are often not noticed because their weight varies slightly from their normal weight. At the same time, treatment is more effective for bulimia rather than anorexia. 20.
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It is true that bulimics A
openly vomit the food they consume.
B
care less about their physical appearance.
C
lose lesser weight compared to anorexics.
D
need more effective treatment compared to anorexics.
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W
X Y Z
Strata of the Tropical Rainforest The emergents consist of the tops of the tallest trees, which are much higher than the average canopy height (ranging up to 270 feet or 81 m). It houses many birds and insects while the forest floor is teeming with animal life, especially insects and arachnids plus large animals. The understory is a dark, cool environment that is under the leaves but over the ground. Most of the understory of a rainforest has so little light that plant growth is limited. On the other hand, the canopy; the upper parts of most of the trees, is full of life. Insects, arachnids, many birds and some mammals thrive in this area. 21.
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In the diagram, the understory is labelled as A
W
B
X
C
Y
D
Z
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Microcomputers or personal computers are small, lightweight and portable. Some of them are more powerful than some of the older, larger mainframe computers and minicomputers. Mainframe computers are physically the largest computers you will maintain. Their ruggedness makes them more suited than microcomputers and minicomputers to handle the mechanical shock and vibration, salt spray, temperature and humidity.
22.
The suitable computer to be used in a submarine is A
Minicomputer
B
Microcomputer
C
Portable computer
D
Mainframe computer
Questions 23 – 24 are based on the following text. The term presbyopia means ‘old eye’ and is a vision condition involving the loss of the eye’s ability to focus on both near and far objects. It is a condition that occurs as part of normal aging, because when a person gets older, one’s eye lenses become harder and less elastic. The muscles in the ciliary body also lose their ability to contract and relax. Presbyopia occurs gradually over a number of years and is usually noticeable by age 40-45.Presbyopia is corrected by wearing glasses with bifocal lenses to see near and far objects clearly. 23.
24.
The word elastic can be substituted by A
rigid
B
flexible
C
dynamic
D
movable
From the text, we can conclude that A all senior citizens experience this problem B old people tend to suffer from presbyopia C presbyopia can be overcome by wearing sunglasses D the elderly’s eye lenses lose the ability to contract and relax
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The crystals of about eighty special minerals are known as ‘gemstones’. Many gemstones are used just for making jewellery while others have less glamourous uses. The most valuable gemstone is diamond. It is a crystal of carbon. It is an extremely hard substance that can cut through many materials. Industrial diamonds are used in the manufacture of drilling and cutting tools. The finest diamonds are cut and polished for jewellery. 25.
Based on the text above, we can conclude that A carbon can be used to cut through many materials B diamond is the only gemstone suitable as jewellery C diamonds can slice through almost all common materials D carbon is used in the manufacture of drilling and cutting tools
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Questions 26 – 30 are based on the following passage. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given. The vibration of an earthquake is felt most strongly along the fault line at the epicenter. The majority of earthquakes seem to ____26____ at the depths of 10 to 20 miles below the epicenter. Some are deeper, but none come from a greater depth than 450 miles. It appears that ____27____ forces at these levels cause rocks to slowly, but positively, flow or creep.
The rocks behave as a spring being ____28____, adjusting gradually to the great pressure. Sometimes the rock is deformed too rapidly so that the limit of its ____29____ is reached, and it breaks. Some of the vast energy of the deforming forces is ____30____ by one rock mass rubbing on another. This causes vibration that is transmitted from rock to rock for thousands of miles. 26.
A B C D
derive evolve originate commence
27.
A B C D
central surface underneath underground
28.
A B C D
bent broken twisted twirled
29.
A B C D
power strength condition resilience
30.
A B C D
spilled released confined absorbed
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MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA
1 jam
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2009
ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Kertas 2 6 3 5 5
Satu jam
2
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU
Arahan 1. 2. 3. 4.
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian dan 30 soalan. Jawab semua soalan. Hitamkan semua jawapan anda untuk Bahagian A dan Bahagian B di dalam kertas jawapan yang disediakan. Soalan-soalan yang dikemukakan dalam kertas soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, iaitu A, B, C dan D. Pilih satu jawapan sahaja
Instructions 1. 2. 3. 4.
This question paper consists of two sections and 30 questions. Answer all questions. Shade all your answers for Section A and Section B on the answer sheet provided. Questions in this question paper are followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose only one answer.
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 15 halaman bercetak dan 1 halaman tidak bercetak
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©2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA
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SULIT
2
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Questions 1 – 25 are based on the given stimuli. Study the information carefully and choose the best answer. When an earthquake takes place beneath the sea bed, it may produce a wave in the sea. In the open ocean, the wave may hardly be noticed. But if it reaches shallow water near a coast, the wave may rise to heights of 30 metres or more. These giant waves are called tsunamis. 1.
Tsunamis are caused by A
shallow waters near a coast
B
giant waves of 30 metres or more
C
wave movements in the open ocean
D
earthquakes under the ocean floor
Chalk is a mineral usually found on the seabed and seaside cliffs. This mineral is formed from very fine grains of calcium carbonate that have separated from seawater and settled to become white, muddy sediment on the sea floor. Over millions of years, the sediment hardened to form chalk.
2.
6355/2
The sediment is made up of A
tiny pieces of chalk
B
calcium carbonate grains
C
seawater and chalk grains
D
mud and calcium carbonate
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SULIT
SULIT
3
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Questions 3 – 4 are based on the following text. Viruses exhibit some but not all the characteristics of living things. Viruses, like all living cellular organisms, contain protein and nucleic acid. However, unlike cellular organisms, viruses can be solidified into crystals. But when placed in solutions, they become active again. Unlike cellular organisms, viruses do not repair, grow, or respond to stimuli. Viruses can reproduce only within a living cell, called a host cell. During reproduction, many viruses kill the host cell. However, cellular organisms do not necessarily need a host to reproduce.
3.
4.
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The word they refers to A
viruses
B
crystals
C
solutions
D
organisms
Both viruses and cellular organisms A
contain protein and nucleic acid.
B
need a living cell to multiply.
C
can be turned into crystals.
D
can respond to stimuli.
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Wastewater treatment is essential in providing clean and safe water consumption. There are three basic phases of wastewater treatment in a treatment plant: primary, secondary and tertiary. In the primary phase, the first stage is screening where vertical metal bars remove bulky debris or objects. Next, it is passed through a grinder where organic materials are reduced in size. In a grit chamber, inorganic matters are removed. Then, in a sedimentation tank, organic materials are drawn off for disposal. Then it is further treated in a closed tank in a process called digestion. The final stage is drying where the digested sludge is dried and converted into fertiliser.
5.
Which of the following shows the stages of the primary phase of wastewater treatment? A
B
C
D
screening
screening
screening
screening
digesting
grinding
digesting
grinding
drawing off organic matter
removing of inorganic matter
removing of inorganic matter
drawing off organic matter
removing of inorganic matter
drawing off organic matter
drawing off organic matter
removing of inorganic matter
grinding
digesting
grinding
digesting
drying
drying
drying
drying
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5
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In most mammal species, females carry their young in the uterus during the development, nourishing them by a placenta, and give birth to live young. The placenta is a specialised organ within the womb of the mother that brings the bloodstream of the foetus into close contact with the blood stream of the mother. The placenta is attached to the umbilical cord. It serves as the provisional lungs, intestines and kidneys of the embryo, without ever mixing maternal and foetal blood. Food, water, and oxygen can pass across from mother to child, and wastes can pass over to the mother’s blood and be carried away.
6.
A placenta within the womb of female mammals serves as A
the potential internal organs for the foetus
B
the bloodstream for the foetus and the mother
C
a passage for the supply of nourishment for the foetus
D
a medium for close contact of the foetus and the mother
Gingko may be effective in treating ailments associated with decreased blood flow to the brain. The circulatory system in the body can be boosted by gingko as well and it is a good option in the treatment of circulation headaches. Linden relieves tensions and sinus headaches, helping to calm the mind. Also, linden flowers improve the overall functioning of the circulatory system and researchers believe it could cure migraine as well.
7.
6355/2
Both gingko and linden can cure headaches because they work on the patient’s A
tensions
B
migraines
C
body circulation
D
circulatory system
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[Lihat sebelah SULIT
SULIT
6
6355/2
Since Dolly’s birth in 1997, scientists have successfully cloned a wide variety of farm animals and cloning procedures have become increasingly efficient. Only a small fraction of the transplanted embryos survive to term, however, with most dying late in pregnancy. Those that survive to be born usually die soon thereafter. Many become oversized, a condition known as large offspring syndrome. The few cloned offspring that reach childhood face an uncertain future, as their development into adults tends to go unexpectedly haywire. Almost none survive to live a normal life span.
8.
Cloned farm animals A
will all become oversized
B
are unable to live an expected life span
C
develop normally as they reach adulthood
D
have largely been successful to survive to term
Friction is a type of force that opposes the motion of an object when the object is in contact with another object or surface. Friction results from two surfaces rubbing against each other or moving relative to one another. It can hinder the motion of an object or prevent an object from moving at all. The strength of frictional force depends on the nature of the surfaces that are in contact and the force pushing them together. This force is usually related to the weight of the object or objects. 9.
6355/2
In order for objects to be moved A
their weight has to be the same.
B
the surfaces must be in contact with each other.
C
enough friction has to be forced upon the objects.
D
force has to be applied to oppose the friction caused.
www.trial-spm.co.cc kae
SULIT
SULIT
7
6355/2
Scientists have mapped the genetic code of honey bees, uncovering clues about their complex social behaviour and their heightened sense of smell. The honey bees or Apis mellifera evolve more slowly than other insects and have more genes related to smell. Even though the honey bees have tiny brains, they display mental prowess and can discern a flower’s shape, colour and scent quite skilfully. 10.
Compared to other insects, honey bees have a well-developed sense of smell because A
they are mentally well-developed
B
their genetic code is more complex
C
they have more smell-related genes
D
their development is similar to others
Velocity / ms-1
10 - - - - - -W
X
8 6 4 2 0
Z I 2
Y I 4
I 6
I 8
I 10
I 12
I 14 time (sec)
11.
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The graph shows a velocity – time graph of a truck moving in a straight line. Where does the truck apply its maximum speed? A
W
B
X
C
Y
D
Z www.trial-spm.co.cc kae
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SULIT
8
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Hardware includes all the components used to make a computer. The entire computer frame that you see, regardless if the computer is switchedoff, is the hardware. Hardware is usually made of metal, plastic or fibre. It consists of all the parts of the computer which you can actually touch, including the keyboard, monitor, mouse, printer and disk.
12.
Based on the description in the above text, hardware is A
mainly made of metal and plastic
B
the physical parts of a computer
C
a set of keyboard, monitor, mouse, printer and disk
D
the parts of a computer that can be seen only when it is switched on
Food and water are the most common sources of parasite transmission. Since most of us eat three times a day and drink water frequently throughout the day, our exposure to these sources is constant. Tap water has been found to be contaminated with parasitic organisms. Many restaurants have less than sanitary conditions ranging from food preparation and storage to the utensils and servers’ hands.
13.
6355/2
People are easily exposed to contamination because A
people consume food and water many times a day
B
sanitary measures are followed in restaurants
C
food is left exposed all the time
D
all water is contaminated
www.trial-spm.co.cc kae
SULIT
SULIT
9
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Natural fibres must be cleaned or washed before being spun (twisted) into long threads of yarn. Man-made fibres are also spun: cotton polyester is a mix of natural and synthetic fibres, for example. The yarn is then woven into cloth. Not all fabrics are made by weaving. Knitting is a different process that entwines loops of yarns in a wax. 14.
Natural fibres must undergo a number of processes before being turned into cloth. Which of the following is the correct order of the process? A
Washing ------- spinning ------- mixing
B
Washing ------- weaving ------- knitting
C
Cleaning ------- washing ------- knitting
D
Cleaning ------- spinning ------- weaving
Earth’s Seasons
Sun
15.
6355/2
Which statement is true from the diagram above? A
The Sun changes position during every Equinox.
B
During the September Equinox the south experiences Summer.
C
The Earth’s rotation around the Sun determines the different seasons.
D
Winter is experienced by the Northern Hemisphere in December and June.
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Kinetic energy is energy in motion. Anything that is moving or changing has kinetic energy. Potential energy is stored energy. Something has potential energy when it is not moving, but it is about to move. Mechanical energy is produced by objects or machines changing their positions. Chemical energy is released when substances are broken down. 16.
Which of the following would be an example of the energy in a wound-up spring? A
Kinetic energy
B
Chemical energy
C
Potential energy
D
Mechanical energy
Two different blood types cannot be mixed together as the blood cells may clump together which can cause fatality. This is why blood types must be matched before blood transfusion can take place. • A person with Type A blood can donate blood to a person with Type A or Type AB • A person with Type B blood can donate blood to a person with Type B or Type AB • A person with Type AB blood can donate blood to a person with Type AB only • A person with Type O blood can donate blood to anyone.
17.
18.
6355/2
In case of emergency, which type of blood can be given to a patient with an unknown blood type? A
Type A
B
Type B
C
Type O
D
Type AB
The word clump can best be replaced with A
mix
B
clot
C
stick
D
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People with short-sightedness (myopia) are not able to see objects that are far away. This is because light rays focus in front of the retina, a result from the fact that the eye is not able to focus light rays further back, despite maximum flattening of its lens. Short-sightedness mainly affects a person’s ability to look at distant objects where the light rays come straight or parallel into the eyes. 19.
Which of the following diagrams illustrates short-sightedness?
light
light
A
B
light
light
C
D
People with bulimia often go on eating spree (binge) and secretly vomit, losing the calories acquired. It is estimated that about 3% of females are bulimic. People with bulimia are also obsessed with their body, weight gain and how they appear to others. Unlike those with anorexia, people with bulimia are often not noticed because their weight varies slightly from their normal weight. At the same time, treatment is more effective for bulimia rather than anorexia. 20.
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It is true that bulimics A
openly vomit the food they consume.
B
care less about their physical appearance.
C
lose lesser weight compared to anorexics.
D
need more effective treatment compared to anorexics.
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W
X Y Z
Strata of the Tropical Rainforest The emergents consist of the tops of the tallest trees, which are much higher than the average canopy height (ranging up to 270 feet or 81 m). It houses many birds and insects while the forest floor is teeming with animal life, especially insects and arachnids plus large animals. The understory is a dark, cool environment that is under the leaves but over the ground. Most of the understory of a rainforest has so little light that plant growth is limited. On the other hand, the canopy; the upper parts of most of the trees, is full of life. Insects, arachnids, many birds and some mammals thrive in this area. 21.
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In the diagram, the understory is labelled as A
W
B
X
C
Y
D
Z
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Microcomputers or personal computers are small, lightweight and portable. Some of them are more powerful than some of the older, larger mainframe computers and minicomputers. Mainframe computers are physically the largest computers you will maintain. Their ruggedness makes them more suited than microcomputers and minicomputers to handle the mechanical shock and vibration, salt spray, temperature and humidity.
22.
The suitable computer to be used in a submarine is A
Minicomputer
B
Microcomputer
C
Portable computer
D
Mainframe computer
Questions 23 – 24 are based on the following text. The term presbyopia means ‘old eye’ and is a vision condition involving the loss of the eye’s ability to focus on both near and far objects. It is a condition that occurs as part of normal aging, because when a person gets older, one’s eye lenses become harder and less elastic. The muscles in the ciliary body also lose their ability to contract and relax. Presbyopia occurs gradually over a number of years and is usually noticeable by age 40-45.Presbyopia is corrected by wearing glasses with bifocal lenses to see near and far objects clearly. 23.
24.
The word elastic can be substituted by A
rigid
B
flexible
C
dynamic
D
movable
From the text, we can conclude that A all senior citizens experience this problem B old people tend to suffer from presbyopia C presbyopia can be overcome by wearing sunglasses D the elderly’s eye lenses lose the ability to contract and relax
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The crystals of about eighty special minerals are known as ‘gemstones’. Many gemstones are used just for making jewellery while others have less glamourous uses. The most valuable gemstone is diamond. It is a crystal of carbon. It is an extremely hard substance that can cut through many materials. Industrial diamonds are used in the manufacture of drilling and cutting tools. The finest diamonds are cut and polished for jewellery. 25.
Based on the text above, we can conclude that A carbon can be used to cut through many materials B diamond is the only gemstone suitable as jewellery C diamonds can slice through almost all common materials D carbon is used in the manufacture of drilling and cutting tools
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Questions 26 – 30 are based on the following passage. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given. The vibration of an earthquake is felt most strongly along the fault line at the epicenter. The majority of earthquakes seem to ____26____ at the depths of 10 to 20 miles below the epicenter. Some are deeper, but none come from a greater depth than 450 miles. It appears that ____27____ forces at these levels cause rocks to slowly, but positively, flow or creep.
The rocks behave as a spring being ____28____, adjusting gradually to the great pressure. Sometimes the rock is deformed too rapidly so that the limit of its ____29____ is reached, and it breaks. Some of the vast energy of the deforming forces is ____30____ by one rock mass rubbing on another. This causes vibration that is transmitted from rock to rock for thousands of miles. 26.
A B C D
derive evolve originate commence
27.
A B C D
central surface underneath underground
28.
A B C D
bent broken twisted twirled
29.
A B C D
power strength condition resilience
30.
A B C D
spilled released confined absorbed
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