Ergonomics
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The Science of Ergonomics Meghant Nichant Industrial Engineer 1
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If we want to change the response . . . We need to change the circumstances!
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What will be discussed? l l l l l l l l l
What is Ergonomics? Ergonomic Statistics The benefits of an Ergonomic program Ergonomic related injuries and their causes Identifying Ergonomic Risk Factors Office Ergonomics Industrial Ergonomics Control Strategies to minimize risk What you can do to prevent injury? 3
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What is Ergonomics? l
Ergonomics is the science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands to the capabilities of employees. ( U.S. Dept.of Health)
l
Ergonomic principles are used to improve the “fit” between the worker and the workplace.
l
A practical approach to Ergonomics considers the match between the person, the equipment they use, the work processes and the work environment.
l
A persons capabilities, physical attributes and work habits must be recognized to improve ergonomic factors in the workplace. 4
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5
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Ergonomics Defined l
Early 1700’s, Ramazzini’s study of ill-effects of poor posture & poorly designed tools on the health of workers.
Greek Words: “Ergon = work, Nomikos = law” Ergonomics: Study of Laws of work
6
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
What Is Ergonomics? Ergonomics is fitting the job to the person.
7
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Ergonomics
Human
Machine
Work Environment Utmost Goal: “Humanization” of Work 8
Design with “E & E”: Ease and Efficiency
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
The Basics of Ergonomics
9
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INDUSTRIAL WORKERS
ATHLETE SKILL WILL COACHING GREAT EQUIPMENT 10
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11
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Applications of Ergonomics Anatomy Orthopedics Physiology Medicine Psychology Sociology
Anthropometry Biomechanics Work Physiology Industrial Hygiene Management Labor Relations
Industrial Engineering Bio-Engineering Systems Engineering Safety Engineering Military Engineering Computer-Aided Design 12
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Where Does Ergonomics Fit In? Physical Hazards Chemical Hazards Biological Hazards
P P P
Ergonomics Human
Machine
Work Environment
13
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The benefits of an ergonomic program l
Decreased injuries & illnesses .
l
Increased efficiency at work.
l
Increased physical well being.
l
Decreased absenteeism. 14
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Ergonomic related injuries l
May be called: – CTD’s (cumulative trauma disorders) – RSI’s (repetitive stress injuries) – RMI’s (repetitive motion injuries) – Which are all considered:
MSD’s (musculoskeletal disorders) – MSD’s can affect muscles, tendons, nerves, joints and spinal disks. 15
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Common types of MSD’s l
Tendonitis l Carpal Tunnel Syndrome l Tennis Elbow l Neck and Back injuries l Strains/Sprains l Bursitis l Thoracic Outlet Syndrome l Trigger finger 16
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Risk factors and causes of MSD’s l
Repetition l Force l Awkward Posture l Static Posture l Contact Stress l Temperature Extremes l Vibration l Psycho Social 17
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Identifying Risk Factors l
Conditions or circumstances that increase the chances of developing a MSD.
l
The likelihood of developing an injury is dependent on the frequency and duration of exposure to risk factors.
l
Both occupational and personal risk factors can affect an individuals well being at home or work.
18
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Repetition l
Occurs when the same or similar movements are performed frequently.
l
Repetition can also occur when different tasks are performed if those tasks have the same movements.
l
Injury may result from repetition when the tissues do not have adequate time to recover. 19
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
l
Force Force is the amount of physical effort required by a person to do a task or maintain control of tools or equipment.
l
A pinch grip produces 3-5 times more force on the tendons in the wrist than a grip with the whole hand.
l
With excessive force the muscles are contracting much harder than normal, this can lead to stress on the muscles, tendons and joints. 20
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Awkward Posture l
Is a deviation from the “neutral” body position.
l
A “neutral” body position is safest and most efficient position in which to work.
l
Awkward posture puts stress on muscles, tendons and joints. 21
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Static Posture l
Static posture occurs when one position is held for a prolonged period of time.
l
The muscles will become fatigued from a lack of blood flow during a static posture.
l
This fatigue can lead to discomfort and even injury. 22
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Contact Stress l
Contact stress is caused by any sharp or hard object putting localized pressure on a part of the body.
l
Contact stress will irritate local tissues and interfere with circulation and nerve function.
23
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Temperature Extremes l
Extreme cold constricts blood vessels and reduces sensitivity and coordination of body parts.
l
Excessive heat can result in increased fatigue and heat stress.
24
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Vibration l
Exposure to vibration can occur while using power tools or while driving equipment.
l
Vibration from power tools can place stress on the tissues of the fingers, hand and arms.
l
Whole body vibration from driving puts stress on the spinal tissues. 25
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Psycho-social Issues l
Stress, boredom, job dissatisfaction and anxiety can contribute to the possibility of developing a MSD.
l
Psycho-social issues can create increased muscle tension and reduce a person’s awareness of work technique.
26
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Office Ergonomics l
By applying ergonomic principles to the office setting, risk factors are minimized, productivity is increased, and overall workplace quality is improved.
l
The workstation must be adjusted to promote a neutral position while a person works.
l
When adjusting a workstation, keep in mind that all of the equipment interacts. Making one adjustment may alter another. 27
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Adjusting the Workstation l
Adjust the Chair.
l
Adjust reach requirements.
l
Adjust focal requirements.
28
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Correct the Environment l
Check lighting, noise and temperature.
l
Check work pace and stress levels.
l
Check work processes.
29
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Improve Posture and Habits l
Modify wrist/hand motions
l
Improve neck and back postures
l
Consider personal preferences
30
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
31
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Adjustable Platforms
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Arrange the work area l
Consider the base of support.
l
Place equipment and materials where appropriate.
33
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Choose the appropriate tools l
Check the fit.
l
Make sure the tools match the task.
34
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Correct the environment l
Adjust lighting, noise and temperature when possible.
l
Check work pace.
l
Check work processes.
35
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Improve work techniques and habits l
Improve postures.
l
Check work techniques.
36
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Control Strategies l
The next step is to develop and implement control strategies to increase quality and productivity.
l
Once the risk factors and their causes are identified, control strategies can be implemented based on needs.
37
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Administrative Controls l
Training workers in work methods.
l
Varying or rotating work tasks.
l
Limiting extended work hours.
l
Providing mini-breaks. 38
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
What you can do to prevent injury? l
Develop an Ergonomics program.
l
Take proper breaks.
l
Health and Fitness.
l
Be aware of your hobbies away from work. 39
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
When Ergonomics are improved in the workplace: l
We work smarter, not harder.
l
Quality, comfort and safety make us more productive and happy people.
l
Stay Healthy and Safe, Take action!!!
40
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Summary of Ergonomic Principles: l Position and support body in
neutral l Work in reach zone l Provide correct tools, equipment and facilities l Promote effective work processes l Promote Health and Wellness
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
42
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Thank you for your attention!
43
The Science of Ergonomics Meghant Nichant Industrial Engineer 1
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
If we want to change the response . . . We need to change the circumstances!
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
What will be discussed? l l l l l l l l l
What is Ergonomics? Ergonomic Statistics The benefits of an Ergonomic program Ergonomic related injuries and their causes Identifying Ergonomic Risk Factors Office Ergonomics Industrial Ergonomics Control Strategies to minimize risk What you can do to prevent injury? 3
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
What is Ergonomics? l
Ergonomics is the science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands to the capabilities of employees. ( U.S. Dept.of Health)
l
Ergonomic principles are used to improve the “fit” between the worker and the workplace.
l
A practical approach to Ergonomics considers the match between the person, the equipment they use, the work processes and the work environment.
l
A persons capabilities, physical attributes and work habits must be recognized to improve ergonomic factors in the workplace. 4
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
5
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Ergonomics Defined l
Early 1700’s, Ramazzini’s study of ill-effects of poor posture & poorly designed tools on the health of workers.
Greek Words: “Ergon = work, Nomikos = law” Ergonomics: Study of Laws of work
6
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
What Is Ergonomics? Ergonomics is fitting the job to the person.
7
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Ergonomics
Human
Machine
Work Environment Utmost Goal: “Humanization” of Work 8
Design with “E & E”: Ease and Efficiency
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
The Basics of Ergonomics
9
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
INDUSTRIAL WORKERS
ATHLETE SKILL WILL COACHING GREAT EQUIPMENT 10
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
11
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Applications of Ergonomics Anatomy Orthopedics Physiology Medicine Psychology Sociology
Anthropometry Biomechanics Work Physiology Industrial Hygiene Management Labor Relations
Industrial Engineering Bio-Engineering Systems Engineering Safety Engineering Military Engineering Computer-Aided Design 12
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Where Does Ergonomics Fit In? Physical Hazards Chemical Hazards Biological Hazards
P P P
Ergonomics Human
Machine
Work Environment
13
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
The benefits of an ergonomic program l
Decreased injuries & illnesses .
l
Increased efficiency at work.
l
Increased physical well being.
l
Decreased absenteeism. 14
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Ergonomic related injuries l
May be called: – CTD’s (cumulative trauma disorders) – RSI’s (repetitive stress injuries) – RMI’s (repetitive motion injuries) – Which are all considered:
MSD’s (musculoskeletal disorders) – MSD’s can affect muscles, tendons, nerves, joints and spinal disks. 15
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Common types of MSD’s l
Tendonitis l Carpal Tunnel Syndrome l Tennis Elbow l Neck and Back injuries l Strains/Sprains l Bursitis l Thoracic Outlet Syndrome l Trigger finger 16
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Risk factors and causes of MSD’s l
Repetition l Force l Awkward Posture l Static Posture l Contact Stress l Temperature Extremes l Vibration l Psycho Social 17
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Identifying Risk Factors l
Conditions or circumstances that increase the chances of developing a MSD.
l
The likelihood of developing an injury is dependent on the frequency and duration of exposure to risk factors.
l
Both occupational and personal risk factors can affect an individuals well being at home or work.
18
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Repetition l
Occurs when the same or similar movements are performed frequently.
l
Repetition can also occur when different tasks are performed if those tasks have the same movements.
l
Injury may result from repetition when the tissues do not have adequate time to recover. 19
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
l
Force Force is the amount of physical effort required by a person to do a task or maintain control of tools or equipment.
l
A pinch grip produces 3-5 times more force on the tendons in the wrist than a grip with the whole hand.
l
With excessive force the muscles are contracting much harder than normal, this can lead to stress on the muscles, tendons and joints. 20
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Awkward Posture l
Is a deviation from the “neutral” body position.
l
A “neutral” body position is safest and most efficient position in which to work.
l
Awkward posture puts stress on muscles, tendons and joints. 21
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Static Posture l
Static posture occurs when one position is held for a prolonged period of time.
l
The muscles will become fatigued from a lack of blood flow during a static posture.
l
This fatigue can lead to discomfort and even injury. 22
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Contact Stress l
Contact stress is caused by any sharp or hard object putting localized pressure on a part of the body.
l
Contact stress will irritate local tissues and interfere with circulation and nerve function.
23
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Temperature Extremes l
Extreme cold constricts blood vessels and reduces sensitivity and coordination of body parts.
l
Excessive heat can result in increased fatigue and heat stress.
24
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Vibration l
Exposure to vibration can occur while using power tools or while driving equipment.
l
Vibration from power tools can place stress on the tissues of the fingers, hand and arms.
l
Whole body vibration from driving puts stress on the spinal tissues. 25
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Psycho-social Issues l
Stress, boredom, job dissatisfaction and anxiety can contribute to the possibility of developing a MSD.
l
Psycho-social issues can create increased muscle tension and reduce a person’s awareness of work technique.
26
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Office Ergonomics l
By applying ergonomic principles to the office setting, risk factors are minimized, productivity is increased, and overall workplace quality is improved.
l
The workstation must be adjusted to promote a neutral position while a person works.
l
When adjusting a workstation, keep in mind that all of the equipment interacts. Making one adjustment may alter another. 27
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Adjusting the Workstation l
Adjust the Chair.
l
Adjust reach requirements.
l
Adjust focal requirements.
28
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Correct the Environment l
Check lighting, noise and temperature.
l
Check work pace and stress levels.
l
Check work processes.
29
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Improve Posture and Habits l
Modify wrist/hand motions
l
Improve neck and back postures
l
Consider personal preferences
30
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
31
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Adjustable Platforms
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Arrange the work area l
Consider the base of support.
l
Place equipment and materials where appropriate.
33
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Choose the appropriate tools l
Check the fit.
l
Make sure the tools match the task.
34
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Correct the environment l
Adjust lighting, noise and temperature when possible.
l
Check work pace.
l
Check work processes.
35
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Improve work techniques and habits l
Improve postures.
l
Check work techniques.
36
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Control Strategies l
The next step is to develop and implement control strategies to increase quality and productivity.
l
Once the risk factors and their causes are identified, control strategies can be implemented based on needs.
37
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Administrative Controls l
Training workers in work methods.
l
Varying or rotating work tasks.
l
Limiting extended work hours.
l
Providing mini-breaks. 38
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
What you can do to prevent injury? l
Develop an Ergonomics program.
l
Take proper breaks.
l
Health and Fitness.
l
Be aware of your hobbies away from work. 39
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
When Ergonomics are improved in the workplace: l
We work smarter, not harder.
l
Quality, comfort and safety make us more productive and happy people.
l
Stay Healthy and Safe, Take action!!!
40
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Summary of Ergonomic Principles: l Position and support body in
neutral l Work in reach zone l Provide correct tools, equipment and facilities l Promote effective work processes l Promote Health and Wellness
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
42
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com
Thank you for your attention!
43
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