Energi Terbarukan Energi Demand-supply
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ENERGI TERBARUKAN
Dr. Ir. Agus Haryanto, M.P PS. Keteknikan Pertanian Universitas Lampung 2009
ENERGY CHALLENGES
√
ENERGY CHALLENGES
√
ENERGY CHALLENGES
√
World primary energy consumption
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Regional primary energy consumption pattern 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Primary energy consumption per capita
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
World Energy Demand
World Energy Demand (by type)
Consumption Growth
World Energy Demand (by region)
Driving force 1
Energy Intensity
Driving force 2 : Population
Oil section
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Map of proved oil reserves at end 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Distribution of proved (oil) reserves 1986, 1996 and 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Oil production by area
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Oil reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Oil consumption by area
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Consumption growth • Global oil consumption grew by 1.1% in 2007. Consumption growth was robust in oilexporting countries.
Oil consumption per capita
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Crude oil prices since 1861
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Major oil trade movements
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Natural gas section
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Proved natural gas reserves at end 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Distribution of proved (natural gas) reserves 1986, 1996 and 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Natural gas production by area
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Natural gas reserves-toproduction (R/P) ratios
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Natural gas consumption by area
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Natural gas consumption per capita
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Major natural gas trade movements
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Coal section
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Proved coal reserves at end 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Coal production – Coal consumption
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Fossil fuel reserves-toproduction (R/P) ratios at end 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Nuclear energy section
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Nuclear energy consumption by area
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Hydroelectricity section
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Hydroelectricity consumption by area
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Solar electricity capacity
Growth averaged 42% pa over the past 10 years – at that rate solar capacity doubles every two years.
Solar electricity capacity Megawatts
2006
2007
2008
US
624.0
830.5
1172.5
North America
664.2
877.0
1226.7
2863.0
3998.0
5498.0
118.2
630.2
3291.2
Europe
3220.4
4999.6
9614.9
Jepang
1708.5
1918.9
2148.9
Total Others
1814.9
2080.8
2603.3
Total
5699.5
7957.4 13444.9
Germany Spain
Geothermal • The slowest growing renewable energy in 2008. • Geothermal capacity grew by 4.2% (422 MW) in 2008, to reach 10.4 GW. • New plants coming on stream in the US, Iceland, Indonesia, New Zealand, Turkey and Kenya. • The US has the largest geothermal capacity (3 GW or 28.6% of the world total), followed by the Philippines (2GW), Mexico and Indonesia (1 GW each).
Geothermal capacity Megawatts
2006
2007
2008
US
2830.7
2936.5
Philippines
1978.0
1978.0
1978.0
2998.5
Indonesia
872.5
982.5
1042.5
Mexico
959.5
959.5
964.5
Italy
810.5
810.5
810.5
New Zealand
434.0
471.6
586.6
Kenya
422.1
485.5
573.0
Total
9675.3
10045.5 10469.7
WIND ENERGY
Wind capacity Megawatts
2006
2007
2008
US
11635
16879
25237
Germany
20652
Spain
11614
China
2588
India
6228
Total
74306
22277
23933
14714
16543
5875
12121
7845 94005
9655 122158
ETHANOL ENERGY
BIODIESEL ENERGY (US)
BIODIESEL ENERGY (WORLD)
Decarbonization
Dr. Ir. Agus Haryanto, M.P PS. Keteknikan Pertanian Universitas Lampung 2009
ENERGY CHALLENGES
√
ENERGY CHALLENGES
√
ENERGY CHALLENGES
√
World primary energy consumption
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Regional primary energy consumption pattern 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Primary energy consumption per capita
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
World Energy Demand
World Energy Demand (by type)
Consumption Growth
World Energy Demand (by region)
Driving force 1
Energy Intensity
Driving force 2 : Population
Oil section
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Map of proved oil reserves at end 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Distribution of proved (oil) reserves 1986, 1996 and 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Oil production by area
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Oil reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Oil consumption by area
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Consumption growth • Global oil consumption grew by 1.1% in 2007. Consumption growth was robust in oilexporting countries.
Oil consumption per capita
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Crude oil prices since 1861
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Major oil trade movements
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Natural gas section
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Proved natural gas reserves at end 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Distribution of proved (natural gas) reserves 1986, 1996 and 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Natural gas production by area
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Natural gas reserves-toproduction (R/P) ratios
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Natural gas consumption by area
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Natural gas consumption per capita
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Major natural gas trade movements
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Coal section
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Proved coal reserves at end 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Coal production – Coal consumption
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Fossil fuel reserves-toproduction (R/P) ratios at end 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Nuclear energy section
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Nuclear energy consumption by area
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Hydroelectricity section
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Hydroelectricity consumption by area
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Solar electricity capacity
Growth averaged 42% pa over the past 10 years – at that rate solar capacity doubles every two years.
Solar electricity capacity Megawatts
2006
2007
2008
US
624.0
830.5
1172.5
North America
664.2
877.0
1226.7
2863.0
3998.0
5498.0
118.2
630.2
3291.2
Europe
3220.4
4999.6
9614.9
Jepang
1708.5
1918.9
2148.9
Total Others
1814.9
2080.8
2603.3
Total
5699.5
7957.4 13444.9
Germany Spain
Geothermal • The slowest growing renewable energy in 2008. • Geothermal capacity grew by 4.2% (422 MW) in 2008, to reach 10.4 GW. • New plants coming on stream in the US, Iceland, Indonesia, New Zealand, Turkey and Kenya. • The US has the largest geothermal capacity (3 GW or 28.6% of the world total), followed by the Philippines (2GW), Mexico and Indonesia (1 GW each).
Geothermal capacity Megawatts
2006
2007
2008
US
2830.7
2936.5
Philippines
1978.0
1978.0
1978.0
2998.5
Indonesia
872.5
982.5
1042.5
Mexico
959.5
959.5
964.5
Italy
810.5
810.5
810.5
New Zealand
434.0
471.6
586.6
Kenya
422.1
485.5
573.0
Total
9675.3
10045.5 10469.7
WIND ENERGY
Wind capacity Megawatts
2006
2007
2008
US
11635
16879
25237
Germany
20652
Spain
11614
China
2588
India
6228
Total
74306
22277
23933
14714
16543
5875
12121
7845 94005
9655 122158
ETHANOL ENERGY
BIODIESEL ENERGY (US)
BIODIESEL ENERGY (WORLD)
Decarbonization
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