Ecologic Model Ptb[1]

Ecolo gic Mo de l -

-

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

51 years old Substance Abuse of Cigarette (10 pack a day)

-

-

PTB Patient before Exposure to patient with PTB either in workplace, community and home. possible contact to person with PTB

HYPOTHESIS The occurrence of Tuberculosis is attributed to client’s exposure to PTB carriers and pathogen and immunosuppression due to substance abuse and past history of PTB. A. PREDISPOSING FACTORS 1. Host Age: 51 years old Sex: Male Nationality: Filipino Customs: Substance Abuse of Cigarette (10 Packs per day) 2. Agent A. Mechanical – Mycobacterium is passed and acquired through respiratory secretions /droplets which transmits when sneezing, coughing, talking. B. Chemical

- Substance Abuse Smoking and Drinking alcohol

C. Biologic

- Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is a rod-shaped, aerobic bacteria that is resistant to destruction and can persist necrotic and calcified lesions for prolonged periods and remain capable of reinstating growth.

3. Environment A. Physical

- possible contact to person with PTB

B. Socio Economic – Exposure to persons with PTB either in workplace, community and home.

B. ANALYSIS Occurrence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the patient is caused by contact with carriers of pathogen, confined living condition, substance abuse, nature of work. Past history of PTB may affect the development of the condition. D. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION We therefore conclude Tuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous infection that usually affects the pulmonary system but may also invade other organs and tissues. The incidence is highest in crowded, poverty-stricken settings. It spreads from one person to another by airborne transmission. An infected person releases droplet nuclei through talking, coughing, sneezing, laughing or singing. Larger droplet nuclei; smaller droplets remain suspended in the air and are inhaled by susceptible persons. Risk factors for TB are close contact with someone who has active TB, immunocompromised status, substance abuse, inadequate health care, pre-existing medical condition, institutionalization, living in crowded, substandard housing and caring for TB patients. In the case of the patient, the substandard / crowded housing, contact with active TB and immunocompromised status are the factors that have contributed to the development of the disease. As a Student Nurse we recommend a vital role in caring for patients with TB and family, which includes assessing the patient’s ability to continue therapy at home. The nurse instructs the patient and family about infection control procedures, such as proper disposal of tissues, covering the mouth during coughing and hand hygiene. Assessment of the patient’s adherence to the medication regimen is imperative because of the risk of developing resistant strains of TB if treatment is not followed faithfully. (Smetltzer and Bare. Brunner and suddhart’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 10th Edition. p.532-53, 539)