Dr. Hoda's File

boundary surveys, construction surveys, control surveys, benthic macroinvertebrate sampling, deed research, jurisdictional stream and wetland delineation and permitting, earthwork estimations, endangered species assessments, environmental assessments, environmental impact studies, erosion control planning and design, FEMA floodplain certification, sdkfjlsdkfjlskdfjlsdkjflskdfjlsdkj geographic information sldkfjlskdfjlskdfjlsdkfslkdjflsdkj systems, hydraulic slkdfjlskdfjlskdjflskdjflskdjflskdjslk and hydrologic analysis and modeling, site monitoring, phase one environmental assessments, physical surveys, stream mitigation and restoration, topographic mapping, pond designs, wetland creation and restoration, site planning and design, soil parameter assessments, storm water control planning and design, water quality monitoring

Crane ’s Creek Watershed Crane’ General Watershed Characteristics

Introduction - What is a Watershed?

- Crane’s Creek Watershed - Hydrology and Land Use - General Watershed Characteristics - What Happens Next?

What Is A Watershed?

Watershed? Wa-ter-shed - noun ­A. The drainage area of a stream. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Earth Science

B. A region or area bounded peripherally by a divide and draining ultimately to a particular watercourse or body of water. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary

C. The area which contributes all of the water to a given location. BLUE: Land, Water, Infrastructure W3 Site

Where Are Watersheds? - Every Piece of Land is part of a Watershed - Large Watersheds are made of Smaller Watersheds

Where Is The Watershed?

Watershed?

Where Is The Watershed?

Watershed?

Where Is The Watershed?

Watershed?

Watersheds Don’t Know Know Politics Politics

But they probably should!

should!

- Dictated by landform not by congress - Watershed is impacted by all political

political boundaries that it comes in contact with

with - Within any given watershed, dramatic variability in watershed protection can exist

The Largest Watersheds in North

North Carolina are Termed River Basins

Crane’s Creek is Located within the Cape Fear River Basin

Cape Fear River Basin

Crane’s Creek

Crane’s Creek Watershed (101 square miles)

Major Streams

Beaver Creek Crane’s Creek Cypress Creek Dunham Creek Herds Creek Little Crane’s Creek

Counties and Towns

Harnett County Lee County Moore County Cameron, Carthage and Vass

Explore Your Watershed! Ridge Roads and Stream Crossings

General Statistics

Statistics Watershed

101 square miles

Railways

11.1 miles

Roads

282.6 miles

Streams

250.3 miles

Wetlands

5,524 acres

Hydrology and the Effects of Land Use / Land Cover

Hydrology Precipitation Infiltration Evaporation Evapotranspiration Soil Storage Groundwater Recharge Drainage and Runoff

Water Balance

Hydrologic Cycle

Cycle

Land Use / Land Cover

Cover (LULC)

(LULC) Land Use:

The purpose to which land is put to use by humans.

Land Cover:

The ecological state and physical appearance of the land surface.

surface. Ecological Society of America

America

Natural Areas

Areas Unmanaged Forests

Forests

- Good Canopy Interception of Rain - Thick Ground Cover - High Infiltration Capacity - High Evapotranspiration Rates - Low Runoff Potential - Low Contact with Potential Pollutants

Pollutants

Forestry Operations - Moderate Infiltration Capacity - Moderate Evapotranspiration Rates - Dirt Roads, Firebreaks, Heavy Equipment

Equipment - Higher Runoff Potential - Compaction, Erosion

Agricultural Land - Moderate Infiltration Capacity - Variable Evapotranspiration Rates - Altered Soil Conditions (Compacted, Eroded) - Higher Runoff Potential - Fertilizer and Chemical Applications

Applications

Residential Areas

Areas - Canopy Coverage Moderate - Variable Amounts of Impervious Surfaces

Surfaces - Infiltration Capacity Severely Limited - Engineered Drainage Systems - High Runoff Potential - Lawn Chemicals, Fertilizers

Commercial/Industrial Areas - Canopy Coverage Minimal/Ground Cover Cover

Moderate - Large Amounts of Impervious Surfaces - Infiltration Capacity Severely Limited - Engineered Drainage Systems - Highest Runoff Potential - Commercial/Industrial Chemicals

LULC Percentage Natural: Forestry: Agriculture: Residential: Commercial:

Moderate High Low Low Low

LULC Percentage Natural: Forestry: Agriculture: Residential: Commercial:

Low Low Low High High

LULC Percentage Natural: Forestry: Agriculture: Residential: Commercial:

Low None None Low High

Crane’s Creek Watershed

LULC Percentage Natural: Forestry: Agriculture: Residential: Commercial:

Moderate High Moderate Low Low

Land Use

Use - Although 72% of the Watershed is zoned Agricultural, only 12% is actually cultivated - About 78% of the Watershed is forested - Only about 1% of the Watershed is developed (shopping centers, etc)

Land Use

Wetlands 5,500± acres National Wetlands Inventory US Fish and Wildlife Service

Population

Population - Crane’s Creek Watershed is very Rural - Watershed Population Density (92 people per square mile) is lower than the State average (165) and all three individual County averages (see next slide) - Most Residents (84%) use Septic Systems (or at least don’t have access to a sanitary sewer system)

100

Watershed

Moore County

200

Lee County

165

Harnett County

North Carolina

Population Density (pp/sqmi)

2000 Population Density

(people per square mile)

mile)

250

191

153

150 107

92

50

0