Struts Tutorial

by Stephan Wiesner

Struts Tutorial         ©                           !      "        $          ! %   &                $                      '                 !                             $           $    !                                  &      ! 

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!

Chapter 1. Introduction  

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Chapter 2. Installation of Struts      K    $  !      ) J   !E        A                &    &   

      



Chapter 3. The First Try: Simple JSP

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First JSP <%@ page language="java" %>

BookView

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Chapter 4. Second Try: Struts For Internationalisation

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<web-app> <servlet> <servlet-name>action <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet <param-name>application <param-value>ApplicationResources <param-name>config <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml <param-name>debug <param-value>2 <param-name>detail <param-value>2 <param-name>validate <param-value>true 2 <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>action *.do <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp <welcome-file>index.html /WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld /WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld /WEB-INF/struts-html.tld /WEB-INF/struts-html.tld /WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld /WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld /WEB-INF/struts-template.tld

/

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BookView.jsp: Introducing Internationalization <%@ page language="java" %> <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld"

prefix="bean" %>



<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %> <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld" prefix="logic" %>

BookView

   

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Chapter 5. Struts for Forms                 J $   E       " J"@!E   ,-  ?              *       * $          # &                    !     

5.1. First Try at Forms 6D     "     "@!            + 1 Book.java 5 import java.util.Vector; /* A simple book. @author [email protected] 10 */ public class Book { /** The title */ private String title = ""; 15 /** We can have more than one author */ private Vector authors = new Vector(); /** The number of pages the book has */ private int pages = 0; 20 /** Standard constructor. */ public Book() { } 25

/** @param title The new Title */ public void setTitle(String title) { this.title = title; }

30

/** @return The title. */ public String getTitle() { return this.title; }

35

/** @param pages The new number of pages. */ public void setPages(int pages) { this.pages = pages; }

40

/** @return The number of pages. */ public int getPages() { return this.pages; } /** We don't want to work with the Vector here, as it is only a reference we would get! @param author Add another author

45

*/ public void addAuthor(String author) { this.authors.add(author); } 50 /** Pay attention not to use the wrong number. @param position The number of the author to remove. 55

*/

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   /   * public void removeAuthor(int position) { this.authors.remove(position); } /** @return The number of authors the book has. */ public int getNumberOfAuthors() { return this.authors.size(); }

60 }

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Title:


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page language="java" %> taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %> taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %> taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld" prefix="logic" %>

10 15

Create a book

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   /   *

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25

  0 #+     "0 @!       + 1 BookAction.java import javax.servlet.http.*; import org.apache.struts.action.*; 5 /* 10

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The action for the creation of a book. @author [email protected] */ public final class BookAction extends Action { /** @param mapping The ActionMapping used to select this instance @param form The optional ActionForm bean for this request (if any) @param req The non-HTTP request we are processing @param res The non-HTTP response we are creating @return Return an ActionForward instance describing where and how control should be forwarded, or null if the response has already been completed. */ public ActionForward perform(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) { System.out.println("Start perform(" + form + ") . . ." ); String title = req.getParameter("title"); Book book = new Book(); book.setTitle( title ); System.out.println("After creation of book: " + book.getTitle() ); req.setAttribute("BOOK", book);  return mapping.findForward("bookCreated"); }

35 }

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     5 10 <struts-config>

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path="/BookView.jsp"/>


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type="BookAction" name="bookForm" scope="request" input="/CreateBook.jsp" rel="nofollow">

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import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.apache.struts.action.*; /*

10

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ActionForm */ public class BookForm extends ActionForm { private Book book =new Book(); String title = "Ye old Book"; public void setTitle(String title) { book.setTitle(title); } public String getTitle() {

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   /   * return book.getTitle(); } 25

public void setBook(Book book) { this.book = book; } public Book getBook() { return this.book; } /** * Reset all properties to their default values. * * @param mapping The mapping used to select this instance * @param request The servlet request we are processing */ public void reset(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) { this.book = new Book(); }

30

35

40 public ActionErrors validate(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) { ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors(); if ((book.getTitle() == null) || (book.getTitle().length() < 3)) { errors.add("Title", new ActionError("error.book.title")); } return errors; }

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ActionForm */ public class BookForm extends ActionForm { private Book book = new Book(); public void setBook(Book book) { this.book = book; } public Book getBook() { return this.book; }

15

/** * Reset all properties to their default values. * * @param mapping The mapping used to select this instance * @param request The servlet request we are processing */ public void reset(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) { this.book = new Book(); }

20

25

public ActionErrors validate(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) { ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors(); if ((book.getTitle() == null) || (book.getTitle().length() < 3)) { errors.add("Title", new ActionError("error.book.title")); }

30

35

if (book.getPages() < 1) { errors.add("Page", new ActionError("error.book.page")); } return errors; } }

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index.title=Struts Tutorial error.book.title=<member>Error with title of book error.book.page=<member>A book needs at least one page errors.header=

Error:

errors.footer=

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5.5. Recapitualation: Where we are

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Chapter 6. Using Logic 5   6     !       !          J       K     E 6                   $               '   "B@        + 1 First Iterator, no Struts <% 5

Book books[] = new Book[3]; books[0] = new Book(); books[0].setTitle("Book 0"); books[1] = new Book(); books[1].setTitle("Book 1"); books[2] = new Book(); books[2].setTitle("Book 2"); for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { out.println("<member>" + i + ") " + books[i].getTitle() + ""); }

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<member> Title =

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Chapter 7. Templates 5     D  O# O                ,- #                              !               # !              !     ,-    !$          D W '        D    D  ,-                  !             &$              D        &            !     A ,-          $        + 1 Using JSP Include

Hello World

<jsp:include page="/copyright.jsp" />

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<%@ <%@ <%@ <%@

page language="java" %> taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %> taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %> taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld" prefix="logic" %>



1 Template: Navi.jsp

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   7  

5

10

My Links:

<member>Struts <member>Java @ Apache <member>Download JDK <member>Stephan Wiesner

1 Template: Foot.jsp 5

---

<%=new java.util.Date()%>, by Stephan Wiesner

<          1 Template: BookTemplate.jsp 5

<%@ page language="java" %> <%@ taglib uri='/WEB-INF/struts-template.tld' prefix='template' %>

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<%@ page language="java" %> <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %> <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %> <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld" prefix="logic" %> <%@page import="java.beans.XMLEncoder, java.beans.XMLDecoder, java.io.*"%>

Book Serialization

20 <%

25

30

Book book = new Book(); book.setTitle("A great Book about Struts"); book.setPages(100); out.println("<member>First Title: " + book.getTitle() + ""); try { XMLEncoder encoder = new XMLEncoder( new BufferedOutputStream( new FileOutputStream("/Sample.xml"))); encoder.writeObject( book ); encoder.close(); }catch(Exception ex) { out.println(ex); } book.setTitle("A great Book about Struts, Second Edition"); out.println("<member>Second Title: " + book.getTitle() + "");

35

40

45

try { XMLDecoder decoder = new XMLDecoder( new BufferedInputStream( new FileInputStream("/Sample.xml"))); book = (Book) decoder.readObject( ); decoder.close(); }catch(Exception ex) { out.println("

" + ex + "

"); } out.println("<member>Third Title: " + book.getTitle() + ""); %>

4

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              + out.println("<member>File:" + this.getClass().getResource( "Sample.xml" ).toString() + ""); Will print (on my system): File:file:/C:/tomcat/webapps/strutsShop/WEB-INF/classes/Sample.xml.

0           + config.getServletContext().getRealPath(".");

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<% session.setAttribute("myBook", book); %>

8

Chapter 9. Replacing JSP with XSLT             9'6%96    $    ,-   !     ,;P(.  < 4  24                $             9'6 C  5 96      9'6$        ,-     9'6 F.8G% 96 F.8G                                 "@!       $             #     9'6$    D   !   &            !       9'6 1 XMLOutServlet.java 5

10

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import import import import

java.io.*; javax.servlet.*; javax.servlet.http.*; java.beans.*;

public class XMLOutServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType("text/xml"); XMLEncoder encoder = new XMLEncoder(response.getOutputStream()); Book book = new Book(); book.setPages(100); // will NOT be written! book.addAuthor("Stephan"); book.setTitle("XML Book"); encoder.writeObject( book ); encoder.close(); } }

25

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public aspect Logger { pointcut log(): call(* Book.*(..)) ; before() : log() { System.out.print("Enter " + thisJoinPoint.toLongString() + " Args:'"); Object[] os = thisJoinPoint.getArgs(); for(int i = 0; i < os.length; i++) { System.out.print(os[i].getClass() + "(" + os[i] + ") "); } System.out.println("'\n"); }

10

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import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import java.text.*; public aspect Timer { Locale currentLocale = new Locale("DEU", "DEU"); DateFormat dateFormatter = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.DEFAULT, currentLocale); SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat( "ssSSSSSS", currentLocale); int zeit = 0; String maxZeitMethode = ""; int maxZeit = 0; pointcut timer(): call(* Book.*(..)) ;

20 before() : timer() { System.out.print(thisJoinPoint.toLongString() + ":"); zeit = Integer.parseInt( formatter.format( new Date() ) ); }

25

after() : timer() { int zeit2 = Integer.parseInt( formatter.format( new Date() ) ) - zeit; System.out.println( zeit2 ); if( zeit2 > maxZeit) { maxZeitMethode = thisJoinPoint.toLongString() + ":" + zeit2; } }

30

35 pointcut cleanUp(): call(void Book.write()); after() : cleanUp() { System.out.print( "\nMethod with longest execution time:\n" + maxZeitMethode ); }

40 }

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<mkdir dir="${build}"/> <javac srcdir="${src}" destdir="${build}" classpath="WEB-INF/lib/struts.jar" excludes="Logger.java, Timer.java" /> <echo message="Starting JAR" /> <mkdir dir="dist"/> <jar jarfile="dist/StrutShop-${DSTAMP}.jar"> <echo message="Starting WAR" /> <war warfile="myapp.war" webxml="WEB-INF/web.xml"> <exclude name="*.xml"/> <exclude name="web.xml"/>

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