Difhtheria In Children.pptx

By : Dede Aziz Firmansyah

Diphtheria is a highly contagious acute infectious disease that occurs locally in the respiratory mucosa or skin, caused by the gram-positive bacillus Corynebacterium Diphtheria, characterized by the formation of exudates that form the membrane at the site of infection, and are followed by common symptoms caused by exotoxins produced by this basil.

Diphtheria causes symptoms and signs in the form of a fever that is not so high, 38C, the appearance of pseudomembranes / membranes in the white throat grayish easily bleed when released, pain when swallowing, sometimes accompanied by enlarged neck lymph nodes and tissue engorgement soft neck called a bullneck. Sometimes accompanied by shortness of breath and / snoring sound. Diphtheria can attack people who do not have immunity, especially children.

Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheria, gram-positive bacteria that are polymorphous, immovable and do not form spores, aerobics and can produce exotoxins.Transmission is spread through droplets, direct contact with the secretions of the patient's airways or from career sufferers.

General actions :  Care for bed rest for 2 weeks in an isolation room.  Pay attention to fluid and food intake.

 Ensure ease of defecation.  If the child is nervous, give sedative in the form of diazepam / luminal.  Giving antitusives to reduce coughing.  Secret activation is periodic.

 If there are signs of airway obstruction immediately give oxygen or

tracheostomy.

Specific actions:  Diphtheria Serum (SAD)

The dose is given based on the extent of the membrane and the severity of the disease. Doses of 40,000 IU for moderate diphtheria, 80,000 IU for heavy diphtheria and 120,000 IU for diphtheria were very severe. SAD is given in a single dose via IV by dissolving it in 200 cc 0.9% NaCl.  Antibiotics

Procurement penicillin is given 100,000 IU / KgBB for 10 days, a maximum of 3 grams / day. Erythomycin 50 mg / KgBB orally 3-4 times / day for 10 days.  Corticosteroids

It is indicated in heavy and very heavy diphtheria. Prednisone 2 mg / KgBB / day can be given for 3 weeks or Dexamethasone 0.5 - 1 mg / KgBB / day IV.

Prevention in general by maintaining cleanliness and providing knowledge about the dangers of diphtheria for children. In general, after a child has diphtheria, immunity to the disease is so low that it needs immunization. Prevention specifically consists of DPT immunization and career treatment. Passive immunity is acquired transplasally from mothers who are immune to diphtheria for up to 6 months and antitoxin injections that can last for 2-3 weeks. Active immunity is obtained after suffering from real active or inapparent infection and immunization. The main prevention of Diphtheria is immunization.

Diphtheria is a disease caused by bacteria, namely Corynebacterium diphtheria. This disease is very dangerous if left unchecked and not treated immediately. Prevention can be done by giving DPT immunization with the appropriate dose for the child. Therefore immunization as early as possible do not wait for the disease to occur first, because it is better to prevent than cure.