Differential White Blood Cell Count

Miss. Nada Al-Zahrani

Leukocytes, the only blood components that

are complete cells:  Are less numerous than RBCs  Make up 1% of the total blood volume.  Leukocytosis – WBC count over 11,000 per

cubic millimeter  Normal response to bacterial or viral invasion.

Granulocytes – neutrophils, eosinophils, and

basophils  Contain cytoplasmic granules that stain

specifically (acidic, basic, or both).  Are larger and usually shorter-lived than RBCs.  Have lobed nuclei.  Are all phagocytic cells.

Neutrophils have two types of granules that:  Take up both acidic and basic dyes  Give the cytoplasm a lilac color

Neutrophils are 60-65% of leukocytes,

the most common of wbc. Neutrophils are engulf bacteria, viruses, infected cells and debris. Nucleus is composed of several lobes connected by thin chromatin strands.

Eosinophils account for 1–3% of WBCs  Have red-staining, bilobed nuclei connected via

chromatin strand.  Have red to crimson (acidophilic) large, coarse granules  They defense the body against multicellular parasites Acidophilic granules Typical bilobed nucleus.

Basophils account for 0.5% of WBCs and:  Have two or three nuclei connected via

chromatin strand.  Have large, purplish-black (basophilic) granules that contain histamine Large, basicstaining granules Large, lobed nucleus.

 Agranulocytes – lymphocytes and monocytes:  Do not have cytoplasmic granules.  Have spherical (lymphocytes) or kidney-

shaped (monocytes) nuclei.

Lymphocytes account for 30% or more of

WBCs and:

 Have large, dark-purple, circular nuclei with a

thin rim of blue cytoplasm

There are two types of lymphocytes: T cells

and B cells

 T cells function in the immune response  B cells give rise to plasma cells, which produce

Small antibodies lymphocyte lymphocy te

Large

Monocytes account for 6% of leukocytes.  They are the largest leukocytes  They have abundant pale-blue cytoplasms  They have purple-staining, U- or kidney-shaped

nuclei

 Neutrophils:

2500 _ 7000/ cmm

 Eosinophils:

40 _ 4000 / cmm

 Basophils: :

15 _ 100 / cmm

 Lymphocytes:

1500 _ 3500 / cmm

 Monocytes:

200 _ 800 /cmm

60% 3% 1% 30% 6%

Netrophilia:

Increased absolute no. of nutrophils. Causes: 1. Acute bacterial infection. 2.Tissue damage e.g. burns, trauma. 3. Acute hemorrhage. 4. myeloid leukaemia. 5. during pregnency (normal).

Netropenia:

Decreased absolute no. of nutrophils. Causes: 1. Viral infection. 2. Bacterial infection. 3. Bone marrow failure. 4. Splenomegaly. 5. Drugs. 6. Megaloblastic anemia.

Lymphocytosis:

Increased absolute no. of lymphocytes.  Causes: 1. Infection in children. 2. Bacterial infection. 3. Protozoal infection. 4. Lymphocytic leukemia.

Lymphopenia:

Reduced absolute lymphocyte count. Causes:

1. AIDS / HIV. 2. Severe bone marrow failure. 3. Some viral infection.

Monocytosis:

Increased absolute no. of monocytes.  Causes: 1. Protozoal infection. 2. Chronic bacterial infection. 3. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Monocytopenia: Decreased absolute no. of monocytes.

Eosinophilia:

absolute increase in eosinophils.  Causes: 1. Helminth infections. 2. Allergic conditions. Eosinopenia:

absolute decrease in eosinophils.

Basophilia:

absolute increase in basophils.  Causes: 1. Myeloproliferative disorders. 2. Some allergic conditions.

ANY QUESTION THANK YOU