Dhaniar Muchlis Prayoga 161910301139.docx

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

Cement is the main ingredient of concrete, the chemical in cement consists of limestone, silica, alumina, iron, magnesium, and sulfur. Cement has been used since 1100 in the roman region by utilizing Napoli volcanic ash and mixed with the mud, but it was only in 1824 that the right cement composition was patented by Joseph Aspdin English Nationality engineer (Agus Setiawan 2016). Cement now becoming a necessity in a concrete building construction that cement consumption from year to year increase, proportional to human growth. Ironically cement production as the main ingredient for concrete building share about 10 percent of the world's total CO2 emissions from burning process of lime and mud (Suhendro Bambang 2014). Because of the massive use of cement in the current era and in terms of impact, need to do a scientific study to find solutions to these problems. Many researchers provide a solution to reduce the use of cement as the main material of concrete forming, by changing a few percent of the volume of cement with environmentally friendly materials such as slag, silica fume, fly ash and rice husk ash (Yun-feng, Yao yan & Yang ling 2009). It is believed that the use of substitute material is effective enough to reduce the use of cement material, like slag that produced from the waste iron manufacturing, a fly ash material produced from the combustion of coal for generating energy, and rice husks produced from rice husks were burned. The use of substitute materials for cement proportions cannot be used without reference, because basically the use of cement replacement materials can reduce concrete quality in terms of strength and durability. So that the use of cement replacement materials needs to be monitored by experienced engineers.

REFERENCE LIST

Setiawan Agus, Jakarta 2016, Perencangan Struktur Beton Bertulang Berdasarkan SNI 2847:2013, Erlangga, Jakarta. Suhendro, B 2014, ‘Toward green concrete for better sustainable environment’, 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Civil Engineering Structures and Construction Materials 2014 (SCESCM 2014), Elsevier, DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.190. Yun-feng, L, Yan, Y & Ling, W 2009, ‘Recycling of industrial waste and performance of steel slag green concrete’, J. Cent. South Univ. Technology, DOI: 10.1007/s11771−009−0128−x.