All text: Palatino Linotype Body Text: 11pt Pull Quotes: 16.2pt Timeline: 10.85pt Photograph Captions: 14pt Front page: Main Heading 40pt Sub Heading 24pt Date 22 pt Text 16pt Middle three pages: Split into 3 columns
Charles Kostelnick states, "The rhetoric of supratextual design includes structural functions that provide global organization and cohesion and stylistic functions that affect credibility, tone, emphasis, interest, and usability" (Kostelnick 9). When creating the encyclopedia article for Alvar Aalto, I was thinking about both structural and stylistic functions that would make the document not only informative but usable and reliable.
Stylistic Functions In order to create interest for the reader, it was important to create the first page with a majority of photographs, large headings to explain what the article is about and a short explanation to provide an overview. Kostelnick states that, Christina Yoder
Alvar Aalto Design Script April 22, 2009
"Because supratextual design creates the first impression, it can draw readers into the document or repel them."(Kostelnick 26) The placement of the flag was intended to draw the eye from the first page to the second by not only its form but also the blue color which is present in the flag and the pull quotes throughout the document. It was also important to create credibility so as a result, in an encyclopedia I focused more on the readability of the document rather than adding photo elements and colors unrelated to the topic. Edward R. Tufte states, Confusion and clutter are failures of design, not attributes of information" (Tufte 53). I chose to create emphasis by using the blue color on all pull quotes. I thought it was important for the most important passages of the text to not only stand out by their placement but also by separating the way they relate aesthetically to the black text. Tufte states, "These visual relationships must be in relevant proportion and in harmony to the substance of ideas, evidence and data conveyed." (Tufte 54). I do not the blue text over powers the black and as a result only add to the reader’s usability rather than distracts from the full text. Another reason for the use of basically two colors, minus the photographs, was to enhance the credibility of the document. Ann C. Tyler states, "For information to appear factual, it must seem stable, unchangeable" (Tyler 26). As a result the conservative use of two colors was intended to enhance the fact that the document is intended to educate rather than entertain or persuade. Tyler also states, "Another view also characterizes the audience as a passive reader in the communication process. The audience decodes or interprets a visual statement but is not an active participant in the formation of meaning." (Tyler 21). In terms of the timeline, I wanted to differentiate the type of information from the rest of the text by changing the background color. I chose the same blue color Christina Yoder
Alvar Aalto Design Script April 22, 2009
because as Edouard Imhof states, "Unity will be maintained, however, if the colors of one area are repeatedly intermingled in the other..." (Tufte 90).
Structural Functions Kostelnick states, "Structural elements visually arrange information in the document, on the one hand dividing the document into discernible parts while on the other creating global cohesion" (Kostelnick 24). The layout of the three mainly text pages are split into three columns. All three pages resemble each other except for the placement of the photographs. The second page of the document has not photographs because of the heavy graphical page that lies opposite of it. The third and forth pages were designed to in mind with each other since when placed in the book they will been seen and looked over at around the same time. I thought it was important to add photographs of the work that was being described. Tyler states, "All communication involves an interpretation of information, an interpretation based on data, perspective, analysis, and judgment." (Tyler 26). The addition of photographs into the educational article is important for the reader to be able to perceive and interpret what he/she is reading and as a result increase the usability of the document.
Christina Yoder
Alvar Aalto Design Script April 22, 2009