Den Baars

LED Lighting Solutions Steven DenBaars Group Head, LED UC Santa Barbara

Why LED Lighting? Long life – lifetimes can exceed 100,000 hours as compared to 1,000 hrs for tungsten bulbs. Robustness –no glass, no filaments. Size – typical package is only 5 mm in diameter. Energy efficiency – up to 90% less energy used translates into smaller power supply. Non-toxicity – no mercury.

LED University

Versatility – available in a variety of colors; can be pulsed. Cool – less heat radiation than HID or incandescent Leading Global Energy Solutions

What is LED Lighting? L.E.D.= Light Emitting Diode (Runs on 3.2V DC Power)

Blue LED

LED produces light by combining Positive and negative charges inside Gallium nitride crystal Leading Global Energy Solutions

Luminous Efficacy of Various Light Sources

LED x Current number for GaN white LED at UCSB is 152 lm/W partner chip (But at Low Current 20mA)

2006 Graph taken from www.lampteck.co.uk

Leading Global Energy Solutions

Lighting: Large Electricity Consumption Lighting is single biggest users of Electricity •  Incandescent Light Bulb -1-4% efficient •  Fluorescent – 15-25% efficient •  LED- 25-60% efficient (90% theoretical) U.S. lighting uses the equivalent of 50% of the energy used by all cars on American roads. LED lighting can reduce that to 5-10%. Leading Global Energy Solutions

2 Methods of Generating White LEDs

280 lm/W possible

152 lm/W (2008)

Blue GaN LED

Green, Red phosphors Blue Light

Blue GaN LED

Green GaN LED

Substrate

Red LED

Blue+ Phosphors -lowest cost - 100 lm/W ->90%market share

Direct Semiconductor RGB -good efficiency -highest cost -tunable color

Leading Global Energy Solutions

Energy Usage Comparison “Best”“The White Promise” LED and Compact Fluorescent vs. 60Watt Light Bulb Comparison

Power Used (Watts)

53watts saved

Leading Global Energy Solutions

Global Warming/Energy Savings Potential of LEDs

->Lighting Consumes 22% of all Electricity Produced ->If a 150 lm/Watt Solid State White LED “system” was developed, and employed, then in the United States alone: •  Alleviate the need of 133 new power stations!* •  Eliminate 258 million metric tons of Carbon* • “The Promise of Solid State Lighting” OIDA Report , • http://www.netl.doe.gov/ssl/PDFs/oida_led-oled_rpt.pdf Leading Global *

Energy Solutions

The Reality •  •  •  • 

Commercial White LED “Bulb” 50-80 LPW Fixture Efficiency all over the map 30-80% Lumina ire System Efficacy 15- 64 LPW HEAT is the Biggest Problem

60 LPW 30 LPW

25C

60C in fixture

Leading Global Energy Solutions

LED Eff. vs. System Eff. •  Company LED Efficacy

Fixture Eff.

System

80%

64LPW

–  LED A

80 LPW

–  LED B

45LPW

50%

22.5LPW

–  LED C

50LPW

30%

15LPW

–  CFL

60LPW

50%

30LPW

Leading Global Energy Solutions

Fixture Efficiency

Lighting System Efficacy

Leading Global Energy Solutions

Courtesy Cree Inc

Current LED Market $4B/yr

Cell phone

Traffic signals Large Displays

streetlights

Residential (down light))

Automotive

Leading Global Energy Solutions

LEDs in Architectural Lighting

Installation Benjamin Franklin Bridge PA, USA (Philips Lumileds.)

Water Cube (Beijing Olympics)

Leading Global Energy Solutions

Energy Eff. LED TV

New Samsung LED TV uses 40% less power than CFL backlit (Mass Market May 2009) Leading Global Energy Solutions

AUTOMOBILE LED Headlights expected 2008 from Tokyo Motor Show

Nissan

Honda

Toyota Daimler Chrysler Leading Global Energy Solutions

LED Lighting /Solar Cell Off-Grid www.lutw.org • Kerosene lighting and firewood are used by 1/3 of the world; they cause countless fires and are very inefficient (0.03 lm/watt). • The average villager spends 10-25% of their annual income on kerosene. • LED Lighting costs much less on an annual basis and payback period is

just 6 months.

www.lutw.org “In the few months we have had the White LED lamps the improvement in the children’s academic performance has been absolutely remarkable” Headmaster, Mubarak Village, Pakistan June 2004 Leading Global Energy Solutions

CONCLUSION •  R&D Level LED Single lamp efficacy (150lm/W) now exceeds CFL, but: •  HIGH COSTS >$40/lamp •  Commercial based LED Lamp Fixtures performance is much lower than promised are much lower due to several factors that need further research and development in –  –  –  – 

Fixture Efficiency, Efficiency Droop Heat Sinking Scale up to Mass production Stay Tuned…. Leading Global Energy Solutions

What's Next?? Michael Krames, Executive Vice President, Advanced Labs, Philips Lumileds Bruce Pelton, Director of Engineering, California Lighting Technology Center, UC Davis Jim Sanfilippo, President and CEO, Nila Inc. Leading Global Energy Solutions