Delivering Rural Services In Karnataka:: The Challenges Ahead

DELIVERING RURAL SERVICES IN KARNATAKA:

The Challenges Ahead

Rural Services •

WATER SUPPLY

1.

EDUCATION

•

HOUSING

2. HEALTH SERVICES

•

SANITATION

•

CONNECTIVITY

•

ELECTRICITY

•

TRANSPORT

7. BANKING

•

PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION

8. COMMUNICATIONS

3. IRRIGATION 4. AGRI. EXTENSION 5. VETERNARY SERVICES 6. MARKETING

The Rural Setting 56,682 Habitations 3,49,00,000 Population 70 Lakh Households 2,15,000 sq. Kms. of Area

Grouping of Villages by Size of Population More than 10,000 population : 131 Villages Between 5000 & 10,000

: 703 Villages

Between 2000 & 5000

: 4019 Villages

Between 500 & 2000

: 13738 Villages

Below 500 population

: 8890 Villages

Occupational Profile and Literacy of Rural Population Agriculture: • Cultivators

67,04,656

• Agricultural Labour

58,90,452 *

Industry/Crafts etc.,

5,81,561

Others

39,52,649

Literates (above 7 years of Age)

1,79,64,884 *

* Source: Census of India 2001

(59.68) %

Institutional Setting • 5653 Grama Panchayats (91,402 Members) • 176

Taluk Panchayats (3,683 Members)

• 27

Zilla Panchayats

• 29

Departments in PRIs with

(1,005 Members)

• 35937 Employees (30285 GP Staff & 5652 Govt. Staff)

Financial Resources of Panchayats (Funds from State & Central Govt.,)

(Rupees in Crores)

Zilla Panchayat

Taluk Panchayat

Gram Panchayat

Total

Grand Total

2006-07

2007-08

Plan

1225.64

1436,69

Non-Plan

1620.36

1985.29

Plan

975.67

779.40

Non-Plan

2958.49

4068.66

Plan

1230.68

1354.76

Non-Plan

124.32

127.19

Plan

3431.99

1330.25

Non Plan

4703.17

6181.14

8135.16

7511,39

Water Supply in Villages National Policy Objectives

State Policy

* 40 liters per capita / daily

55 litres per capita / daily

* Supply within 500 mtrs of Residence (50 meters of vertical distance)

No specific norm

* Water to be free from

Same as National norms

Present Status • All 56,682 habitations have borewells or other public sources of water supply; • 23134 habitations have > 40 lpcd supply according to capacity created;

.... Present Status • Ground Water Source used in < 95% Rural Water Supply Schemes; • 18592 Piped Water Supply Schemes (with OHT and distribution); • 32,298 Mini Water Supply Schemes (water pumped into ground level); • 194315 Borewells with hand pumps; • Small number of open wells;

Population Per Scheme of RWS State Average

39 Backward Taluks

137 ‘Other’ Taluks

RWS

1877

2145 (119)

1797

MWS

1080

1140 (107)

1060

179

196 (112)

174

Scheme

BHP

Challenges - Organisational 1.

Wide Dispersion of Service Points;

2. Decentralised System of Service Provision –

Planning and Construction by ZPs;

–

Maintenance by TPs /GPs;

3. No dedicated Personnel except Watermen at GP level; 4. Inadequate Capacity for Planning and Procurement of Services; 5. Pressures of Democratic Decentralisation;

Challenges - Technical 1.

Sustainability of Ground Water Sources – Over exploitation for Irrigation;

2. Water Quality Problems in over 20,000 villages; 3. Absence of Planning for Drinking Water in construction of Lakes and Reservoirs; 4. Complexity of Regional Water Supply Schemes;

Challenges - Financial 1.

Inadequate Resources for comprehensive coverage;

2. Inability to collect O & M Costs from users; 3. Ad hoc expenditure for Relief Measures;

Availability of Funds (Rs. in crores) Funds Provided 2001-2007

Central Sector ARWS State Sector MNP CRF

Funds used

Provision 2007-2008

1265.53

1093.05

562.16

853.86

792.94

428.23

339.00 (2006-07)

339.00 (2006-07)

31.00 (Released)

Short Term Solutions ( 3 years) • Setting up Control Rooms for Servicing RWS Schemes • Preparation of Comprehensive District Plans for ‘RWS 55’

Rs. 10 cr.

• Ground Water Recharging & Rainwater harvesting for Sustainability • Surface water based Schemes for Quality Problem Villages (5000)

Rs. 500 cr.

Rs. 1500 cr.

Rs.1000 cr.

Rs.300 cr. • Pilot Projects for “Poorna Jala” in 4. 6 Taluks Total Rs.3310 cr.

Long Term Solutions ( 3-10 years) • Goal 70 – 100 lpcd – 4000 MLD Supply • Surface Water based Water Supply Schemes • Pipelines from Major Tanks & Reservoirs • Water Quality Issues fully addressed • Disposal of Waste Water • Maintenance of Complex Regional Schemes •Cost : About Rs. 20,000 crores

Rural Roads • Existing Network: – Major District Roads

33730

kms

– Other District Roads – Rural /TDB/Panchayath Road

Total

147212 kms

180942 kms

All Weather Roads No. of Habitations

Connected by AWR/FWR

More than 1,000

16,746

ALL

500 to 1,000

16,855

ALL

250 to 500

13,245

13,061

Less than 250

6,224

2,902

Population

Habitations with AWR

-

3,506

Rural Roads* by Type of Surface Asphalted

39,394 kms

Metalled

24,730 kms

Unsurfaced

83,088 kms

* Other than Major District Roads

Funds for Development - Maintenance • Maintenance (XII FC + CMGSY)

Rs. 362.25 Crores;

• Development / Upgradation

Rs. 20.00 Crores;

• P.M.G.S.Y.

Rs. 150.00 Crores;

• Employment Generation Schemes Rs. 50.00 Crores; Total

Rs.582.00 Crores

Issues • Maintenance of Rural Roads is inadequate / poor; • Upgradation taken up on piecemeal basis by ZPMs; • Development of Roads with poor specifications on – Road width; – Quality of surface; – C.D. works; and – Continuity;

PMGSY Road length identified for development

13,000 kms

Road length Developed since 2000

5,800 kms

Funds utilised so far

630 crores

Projected Expenditure by 2009

1000 crores

Issue: Capacity for Implementation

11th Plan Period Required Outlays • Target for Maintenance & Upgradation 6,500 kms •

Funds Required  for Maintenance / annum 

Rs.350 cr.

for Upgradation / Renewal

5000/8000 kms (20%) per year • Funds required for 5 years

Rs.1400 cr Rs.8750 cr.

Rural Sanitation Present Status

• Use of latrine sanitation

About 20 lakh households out of 70 lakhs

• Solid Waste (including animal dung, household waste & road sweepings) • Drainage of storm & sullage water

Manure pits/heaps in all habitations. Inadequate villages

in

• Poor sanitation is the cause of high IMR, MMR & communicable Diseases.

all

Total Sanitation Campaign Target

Construction of Household Toilets

Achievement

50,56,899

6,97,000

Toilets in Schools

36,537

20,948

Community Toilets

1,309

201

……..Total Sanitation Campaign Issues • Inadequate Awareness & Low Demand • Non Availability of Water • Non availability of space for Toilets • Inadequate Funding • Non-enforcement of penalties • Limited technological options

Solid Waste Management Issues

•

Non Segregation of Animal Shelters & human dwellings

•

Poor quality of Internal Roads

•

Non System of Daily sweeping of streets

•

‘Waste is Wealth’ attitude.

Possible Remedies • Adoption of scientific composting in common compost yards. of improved means • Provision transportation / intermediate storage • Improved quality of housing.

Drainage of Storm/Sullage Water Street Surface and • Improved scientific drainage systems to be designed • Suvarna Gramodaya approach street surfacing & drainage awareness • Greater maintenance of drains.

to

regarding

Investments Required 1. (a) Rural Water Supply (70 lpcd) (b)Water Quality Problem villages

Rs. 10,000 Cr. Rs. 8,000 cr.

2. Rural Roads (13,000 Kms.) (upgrading & maintenance)

Rs.8750 Cr. p.a.

3. Rural Sanitation * Latrine Construction * Solid Waste Management (20,000 villages) * Street Improvement & drainage

Rs.1,250 Cr. Rs.1,000 Cr. Rs 20,000 Cr.

Thank You