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University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
-Data and Documentation-
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CASSAVA STARCH BASED ADHESIVE WITH BORAX Henry Roumil C. Albos, Audrey Kelsey B. Alcantara, Peter Viray Lay, Blessie Jane S. Refugio, Timothy B. Tuvera
December 13, 2017
ABSTRACT
Keywords: starch based adhesives adhesive properties cassava viscosity
This experimental research, The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax, aims to produce and to study how cassava can be an alternative bonding agent for synthetic based adhesives. With the increasing environmental and health concern on the use of harmful commercial adhesives, it leads researchers to an interest in developing adhesives based on renewable resources. Cassava has the potential properties to produce adhesive from its starch, a cheap, accessible, and biodegradable carbohydrate substance. To fully make the adhesive more effective when it comes to adhesiveness and viscosity, additives such as borax are seen as potential in making a quality alternative bonding agent. This research attempts to produce an alternative renewable adhesive and determine how borate additives can enhance the starch based adhesive. This will address concerns about adhesives causing instability on the supplies of resources and harm on health and environment.
1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Inasmuch as starch is perceived as a potential source in the production of adhesives, the researchers intend to produce a bonding agent based from cassava starch. Thus, this research aims to answer the following questions: 1. How are cassava starch based adhesive, as an alternative bonding agent, better than commercial adhesives? 2. How does the viscosity of an adhesive influence the adhesiveness of the cassava starch based adhesive? 3. How can Sodium Borate (Na2B4O7·10H2O) affect the viscosity of the cassava starch based adhesive?
1
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
2. METHODOLOGY
Figure 2.1 Schematic Diagram for the Methodology of Starch Extraction and Adhesive Production Adhesive production was done nine times. Three types of adhesives were done for the mixtures as per increasing amount of starch with 3 tbsp. (44.36 ml), 4 tbsp. (59.15 ml), and 5 tbsp. (73.93 ml) respectively. One of each had a type of adhesive with no added borax, with 1/8 tsp. (0.62 ml) borax, and ¼ tsp (1.23 ml) of borax. 2
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
Figure 2.2 Schematic Diagram for the Methodology of the Trials The trials were done to determine the effectiveness of the adhesive depending upon the amount of starch or of borax added to the mixture.
3. DATA AND RESULTS 3.1 Starch Production 8 oz. (236.59 ml.) of starch was extracted from a total of 7kg Cassava Root Crop bought from a local market. The starch obtained was then used as a major ingredient for the production of the adhesive.
3.2 Effectiveness of the Adhesive per amount of Starch and Borax Table 3.2.1. Observations of the Adhesive with Three Cups of Starch WITHOUT BORAX 10 Paper. The papers were minutes slightly attached but were still wet Newspaper. When the newspapers were pulled apart, it caused a slight tear Cardboard. The glue was still wet
WITH ⅛ TSP BORAX
WITH ¼ TSP BORAX
Paper. The papers were already attached but still wet Newspaper. The newspapers were completely attached but mildly wet Cardboard. The cardboards were already attached
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
3
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
15 Paper. The papers were minutes completely attached but were still wet Newspaper. The glue was completely dried causing the newspapers to tear when pulled apart Cardboard. The cardboards were slightly attached but were still wet
Paper. The papers were already attached but not completely dry Newspaper. The glue was completely dry and pulling the newspapers apart resulted to a tear Cardboard. The attachment of the cardboard strengthened but no sign of tear were observed when pulling the cardboard
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
20 Paper. The glue was minutes starting to dry up thus pulling the papers apart resulted to a tear Carboard. The cardboards were already attached but still wet
Cardboard. The glue was completely dry and pulling the cardboard apart resulted to a tear
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
25 Paper. The glue was minutes already dry thus pulling the papers apart completely left a sign of tear. Cardboard. The cardboards were completely attached and dry
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 20 minutes)
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
30 Cardboard. The glue was minutes completely dry thus pulling the cardboard apart resulted to a tear
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 20 minutes)
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
Table 3.2.2. Observations of the Adhesive with Four Cups of Starch WITHOUT BORAX
WITH ⅛ TSP BORAX
WITH ¼ TSP BORAX
10 Paper. The papers were Paper. The glue was N/A minutes slightly attached, and the slightly wet, and the papers (the composition was more glue was still wet were already attached like a slime thereby not 4
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
Newspaper. The newspapers were slightly attached but still wet Cardboard. The glue was already dry, and the cardboard was already attached thus pulling the cardboard apart resulted to a small tear
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
hence pulling the papers allowing the glue to spread apart resulted to a slight on the materials) tear Newspaper. The glue was slightly dry, and the newspapers were already attached hence pulling the newspapers apart resulted to a slight tear Cardboard. The cardboard was completely attached, and the glue was already dry thus pulling the cardboard apart resulted to a small tear
15 Paper. The papers were minutes slightly attached, but the glue was still slightly wet Newspaper. The newspapers were slightly attached but still slightly wet Cardboard. The cardboards were completely attached thus pulling apart the cardboard resulted to a tear
Paper. The glue was completely dry, and the papers were completely attached hence pulling the paper apart resulted to a tear Newspaper. The glue was completely dry, and the newspapers were completely attached hence pulling the newspapers apart resulted to a tear Carboard. The glue was completely dry, and the cardboards were completely attached hence pulling the cardboard apart resulted to an obvious tear
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
20 Paper. The papers were minutes slightly attached but was slightly dry Newspaper. The newspapers were slightly attached and still wet but pulling apart the
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 15 minutes)
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
5
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
newspaper resulted to a slight tear 25 Paper. The papers were minutes slightly attached and completely dry thus pulling apart the paper didn’t resulted to a tear Newspaper. The newspapers were slightly attached and still wet but pulling apart the newspapers resulted to a notable tear
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 15 minutes)
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
30 N/A minutes (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 25 minutes)
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 15 minutes)
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
Table 3.2.3. Observations of the Adhesive with Five Cups of Starch
10 minutes
WITHOUT BORAX
WITH ⅛ TSP BORAX
WITH ¼ TSP BORAX
Paper. The papers were already attached, and the glue was slightly dry thus pulling apart the paper resulted to a small tear Newspaper. The newspapers were slightly attached, and the glue was slightly wet but pulling apart the newspaper resulted to a small tear Cardboard. The cardboards were already attached
Paper. The glue was slightly dry, and the papers were already attached thus pulling apart the paper resulted to a small tear Newspaper. The newspapers were already attached, and the glue was almost dry thus pulling the newspapers apart resulted to a small tear Cardboard. The cardboards were as completely attached, and small tears were observed when pulled apart
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
6
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
15 minutes
Paper. The papers were completely attached, and the glue was completely dry thus pulling the paper apart resulted to an obvious tear Newspaper. The newspapers were already attached and the glue was slightly wet but pulling the newspaper apart resulted to a small tear Cardboard. The cardboard was completely attached
Paper. The glue was completely dry, and the papers were completely attached thus pulling apart the papers resulted to a tear Newspaper. The newspaper was completely attached, and the glue was completely dry hence pulling apart the newspaper resulted to an obvious tear Cardboard. The adhesiveness was very strong and was very hard to separate
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
20 minutes
Newspaper. The newspapers were completely attached and the cannot be separated without completely tearing the newspaper Cardboard. The cardboards were completely attached and the cannot be separated without completely tearing the cardboard
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 15 minutes)
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
25 minutes
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 20 minutes)
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 15 minutes)
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
30 minutes
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 20 minutes)
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 15 minutes)
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
7
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
4. DISCUSSION 4.1 Starch The researchers had observed that the amount of starch affects the composition of the produced starch-based adhesive through its gel strength and viscosity. It was very evident that if more starch was added to the mixture of the adhesive, such as the adhesive with 4 and 5 cups of starch, the more viscous it became as compared to the adhesive with only 3 cups. Likewise, it also applies to the adhesiveness and gel strength since the adhesive became more stable as more starch was added. 4.2 Borax Borax additives were used as viscosity enhancer in an increasing amount to determine the how effective the borax is when it comes to its effect to viscosity. The glue has a composition of a liquid polymer that when it was mixed with borax, it will link the liquid polymer molecules to each other creating one mass of flexible polymer. Thus, as observed by the researchers, the adhesives with more borax indeed became more viscous; however, if too much additives was used, it became intact to each other. The outcome was more like a slime with no more bonding capacity making it not suitable to be used as an adhesive material.
8
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
5. DOCUMENTATION
9
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
10
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
11
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
12
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
13
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
14
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
15
RUBRICS for 2nd Quarter PERFORMANCE TASK IN PR2
Research Questions
Diagram
Data
Documentation
Mechanics
Punctuality
5 The purpose of the experiment or the question to be answered during the lab is clearly identified and stated.
3 The purpose of the experiment or the question to be answered during the lab is identified, but is stated in a somewhat unclear manner.
5
3
Clear, accurate diagrams are included and make the experiment easier to understand. Diagrams are labeled neatly and accurately. 20 Professional looking, relevant and accurate representation of the data in tables and/or graphs. Graphs and tables are labeled and titled. 10
Diagrams are included and are labeled neatly and accurately.
15 Accurate representation of the data in tables and/or graphs. Graphs and tables are labeled and titled.
1 The purpose of the experiment or the question to be answered during the lab is partially identified, and is stated in a somewhat unclear manner. 1
0 The purpose of the experiment or the question to be answered during the lab is erroneous or irrelevant.
Diagrams are included and are labeled.
Needed diagrams are missing OR are missing important labels.
10 Accurate representation of the data in written form, but no graphs or tables are presented.
0
5 Data are irrelevant OR are inaccurate.
7
5
Photographs and other evidences are relevant, logically presented, and add to the reader's understanding of the research
Photographs and other evidences are relevant and add to the reader's understanding of the research
Photographs and other evidences are relevant and sometimes add to the reader's understanding of the research
5
3
1
0
A few grammatical spelling, or punctuation errors.
Many grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors.
1 Submitted 2 days late
0 Submitted more than 3 days late
No grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors. 5 Submitted on time
Almost no grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors 3 Submitted 1 day late
2 Photographs and other evidences do not add to the reader's understanding of the research.
16
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
-Data and Documentation-
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CASSAVA STARCH BASED ADHESIVE WITH BORAX Henry Roumil C. Albos, Audrey Kelsey B. Alcantara, Peter Viray Lay, Blessie Jane S. Refugio, Timothy B. Tuvera
December 13, 2017
ABSTRACT
Keywords: starch based adhesives adhesive properties cassava viscosity
This experimental research, The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax, aims to produce and to study how cassava can be an alternative bonding agent for synthetic based adhesives. With the increasing environmental and health concern on the use of harmful commercial adhesives, it leads researchers to an interest in developing adhesives based on renewable resources. Cassava has the potential properties to produce adhesive from its starch, a cheap, accessible, and biodegradable carbohydrate substance. To fully make the adhesive more effective when it comes to adhesiveness and viscosity, additives such as borax are seen as potential in making a quality alternative bonding agent. This research attempts to produce an alternative renewable adhesive and determine how borate additives can enhance the starch based adhesive. This will address concerns about adhesives causing instability on the supplies of resources and harm on health and environment.
1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Inasmuch as starch is perceived as a potential source in the production of adhesives, the researchers intend to produce a bonding agent based from cassava starch. Thus, this research aims to answer the following questions: 1. How are cassava starch based adhesive, as an alternative bonding agent, better than commercial adhesives? 2. How does the viscosity of an adhesive influence the adhesiveness of the cassava starch based adhesive? 3. How can Sodium Borate (Na2B4O7·10H2O) affect the viscosity of the cassava starch based adhesive?
1
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
2. METHODOLOGY
Figure 2.1 Schematic Diagram for the Methodology of Starch Extraction and Adhesive Production Adhesive production was done nine times. Three types of adhesives were done for the mixtures as per increasing amount of starch with 3 tbsp. (44.36 ml), 4 tbsp. (59.15 ml), and 5 tbsp. (73.93 ml) respectively. One of each had a type of adhesive with no added borax, with 1/8 tsp. (0.62 ml) borax, and ¼ tsp (1.23 ml) of borax. 2
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
Figure 2.2 Schematic Diagram for the Methodology of the Trials The trials were done to determine the effectiveness of the adhesive depending upon the amount of starch or of borax added to the mixture.
3. DATA AND RESULTS 3.1 Starch Production 8 oz. (236.59 ml.) of starch was extracted from a total of 7kg Cassava Root Crop bought from a local market. The starch obtained was then used as a major ingredient for the production of the adhesive.
3.2 Effectiveness of the Adhesive per amount of Starch and Borax Table 3.2.1. Observations of the Adhesive with Three Cups of Starch WITHOUT BORAX 10 Paper. The papers were minutes slightly attached but were still wet Newspaper. When the newspapers were pulled apart, it caused a slight tear Cardboard. The glue was still wet
WITH ⅛ TSP BORAX
WITH ¼ TSP BORAX
Paper. The papers were already attached but still wet Newspaper. The newspapers were completely attached but mildly wet Cardboard. The cardboards were already attached
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
3
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
15 Paper. The papers were minutes completely attached but were still wet Newspaper. The glue was completely dried causing the newspapers to tear when pulled apart Cardboard. The cardboards were slightly attached but were still wet
Paper. The papers were already attached but not completely dry Newspaper. The glue was completely dry and pulling the newspapers apart resulted to a tear Cardboard. The attachment of the cardboard strengthened but no sign of tear were observed when pulling the cardboard
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
20 Paper. The glue was minutes starting to dry up thus pulling the papers apart resulted to a tear Carboard. The cardboards were already attached but still wet
Cardboard. The glue was completely dry and pulling the cardboard apart resulted to a tear
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
25 Paper. The glue was minutes already dry thus pulling the papers apart completely left a sign of tear. Cardboard. The cardboards were completely attached and dry
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 20 minutes)
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
30 Cardboard. The glue was minutes completely dry thus pulling the cardboard apart resulted to a tear
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 20 minutes)
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
Table 3.2.2. Observations of the Adhesive with Four Cups of Starch WITHOUT BORAX
WITH ⅛ TSP BORAX
WITH ¼ TSP BORAX
10 Paper. The papers were Paper. The glue was N/A minutes slightly attached, and the slightly wet, and the papers (the composition was more glue was still wet were already attached like a slime thereby not 4
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
Newspaper. The newspapers were slightly attached but still wet Cardboard. The glue was already dry, and the cardboard was already attached thus pulling the cardboard apart resulted to a small tear
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
hence pulling the papers allowing the glue to spread apart resulted to a slight on the materials) tear Newspaper. The glue was slightly dry, and the newspapers were already attached hence pulling the newspapers apart resulted to a slight tear Cardboard. The cardboard was completely attached, and the glue was already dry thus pulling the cardboard apart resulted to a small tear
15 Paper. The papers were minutes slightly attached, but the glue was still slightly wet Newspaper. The newspapers were slightly attached but still slightly wet Cardboard. The cardboards were completely attached thus pulling apart the cardboard resulted to a tear
Paper. The glue was completely dry, and the papers were completely attached hence pulling the paper apart resulted to a tear Newspaper. The glue was completely dry, and the newspapers were completely attached hence pulling the newspapers apart resulted to a tear Carboard. The glue was completely dry, and the cardboards were completely attached hence pulling the cardboard apart resulted to an obvious tear
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
20 Paper. The papers were minutes slightly attached but was slightly dry Newspaper. The newspapers were slightly attached and still wet but pulling apart the
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 15 minutes)
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
5
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
newspaper resulted to a slight tear 25 Paper. The papers were minutes slightly attached and completely dry thus pulling apart the paper didn’t resulted to a tear Newspaper. The newspapers were slightly attached and still wet but pulling apart the newspapers resulted to a notable tear
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 15 minutes)
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
30 N/A minutes (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 25 minutes)
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 15 minutes)
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
Table 3.2.3. Observations of the Adhesive with Five Cups of Starch
10 minutes
WITHOUT BORAX
WITH ⅛ TSP BORAX
WITH ¼ TSP BORAX
Paper. The papers were already attached, and the glue was slightly dry thus pulling apart the paper resulted to a small tear Newspaper. The newspapers were slightly attached, and the glue was slightly wet but pulling apart the newspaper resulted to a small tear Cardboard. The cardboards were already attached
Paper. The glue was slightly dry, and the papers were already attached thus pulling apart the paper resulted to a small tear Newspaper. The newspapers were already attached, and the glue was almost dry thus pulling the newspapers apart resulted to a small tear Cardboard. The cardboards were as completely attached, and small tears were observed when pulled apart
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
6
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
15 minutes
Paper. The papers were completely attached, and the glue was completely dry thus pulling the paper apart resulted to an obvious tear Newspaper. The newspapers were already attached and the glue was slightly wet but pulling the newspaper apart resulted to a small tear Cardboard. The cardboard was completely attached
Paper. The glue was completely dry, and the papers were completely attached thus pulling apart the papers resulted to a tear Newspaper. The newspaper was completely attached, and the glue was completely dry hence pulling apart the newspaper resulted to an obvious tear Cardboard. The adhesiveness was very strong and was very hard to separate
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
20 minutes
Newspaper. The newspapers were completely attached and the cannot be separated without completely tearing the newspaper Cardboard. The cardboards were completely attached and the cannot be separated without completely tearing the cardboard
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 15 minutes)
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
25 minutes
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 20 minutes)
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 15 minutes)
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
30 minutes
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 20 minutes)
N/A (no further data was recorded since all the adhesives have completely dried after 15 minutes)
N/A (the composition was more like a slime thereby not allowing the glue to spread on the materials)
7
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
4. DISCUSSION 4.1 Starch The researchers had observed that the amount of starch affects the composition of the produced starch-based adhesive through its gel strength and viscosity. It was very evident that if more starch was added to the mixture of the adhesive, such as the adhesive with 4 and 5 cups of starch, the more viscous it became as compared to the adhesive with only 3 cups. Likewise, it also applies to the adhesiveness and gel strength since the adhesive became more stable as more starch was added. 4.2 Borax Borax additives were used as viscosity enhancer in an increasing amount to determine the how effective the borax is when it comes to its effect to viscosity. The glue has a composition of a liquid polymer that when it was mixed with borax, it will link the liquid polymer molecules to each other creating one mass of flexible polymer. Thus, as observed by the researchers, the adhesives with more borax indeed became more viscous; however, if too much additives was used, it became intact to each other. The outcome was more like a slime with no more bonding capacity making it not suitable to be used as an adhesive material.
8
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
5. DOCUMENTATION
9
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
10
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
11
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
12
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
13
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
14
University of Santo Tomas Senior High School
The Effectiveness of Cassava Starch Based Adhesive with Borax
15
RUBRICS for 2nd Quarter PERFORMANCE TASK IN PR2
Research Questions
Diagram
Data
Documentation
Mechanics
Punctuality
5 The purpose of the experiment or the question to be answered during the lab is clearly identified and stated.
3 The purpose of the experiment or the question to be answered during the lab is identified, but is stated in a somewhat unclear manner.
5
3
Clear, accurate diagrams are included and make the experiment easier to understand. Diagrams are labeled neatly and accurately. 20 Professional looking, relevant and accurate representation of the data in tables and/or graphs. Graphs and tables are labeled and titled. 10
Diagrams are included and are labeled neatly and accurately.
15 Accurate representation of the data in tables and/or graphs. Graphs and tables are labeled and titled.
1 The purpose of the experiment or the question to be answered during the lab is partially identified, and is stated in a somewhat unclear manner. 1
0 The purpose of the experiment or the question to be answered during the lab is erroneous or irrelevant.
Diagrams are included and are labeled.
Needed diagrams are missing OR are missing important labels.
10 Accurate representation of the data in written form, but no graphs or tables are presented.
0
5 Data are irrelevant OR are inaccurate.
7
5
Photographs and other evidences are relevant, logically presented, and add to the reader's understanding of the research
Photographs and other evidences are relevant and add to the reader's understanding of the research
Photographs and other evidences are relevant and sometimes add to the reader's understanding of the research
5
3
1
0
A few grammatical spelling, or punctuation errors.
Many grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors.
1 Submitted 2 days late
0 Submitted more than 3 days late
No grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors. 5 Submitted on time
Almost no grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors 3 Submitted 1 day late
2 Photographs and other evidences do not add to the reader's understanding of the research.
16
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