Collaborative-thesis-1.docx

Del Pilar Academy Gen. E, Topacio St. Imus, Cavite

The Effects of Discrimination Between Higher and Lower Section in Grade 10 of Del Pilar Academy

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Del Pilar Academy Grade 9 Ilang Ilang

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Collaborative Project of Grade 9 By: Bolea, Ma. Isabelle Castillo, Hyacinth Jade Cruz, Carlos Dominic Espino, Jerrome Alden Gallardo, Juan Paolo Lee, Sienna Reyes, Alexandria Santos, Chloe Dane

January 2016

Table of Contents TITLE PAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS

i

APPROVAL SHEET

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

iv

ABSTRACT

v

Chapter 1

1

Introduction

2

Statement of the Problems

4

Hypotheses

6

Theoretical Framework

7

Significance of the Study

8

Scope and Limitations of the Study

9

Definitions of the Key Terms

10

Chapter 2

12

Related Legal Bases

13

Related Studies

14

Justification of the Present Study

16

Bibliography

17

Approval Sheet This thesis entitled DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN HIGHER AND LOWER SECTION IN GRADE 10 ON DEL PILAR ACADEMY, prepared and submitted by Chloe Santos, Carlos Cruz, Sienna Lee, Isabelle Bolea, Juan Gallardo, Hyacinth Castillo and Jerrome Espino in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Collaborative Project of 4th Quarter, has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval of THESIS DEFENSE.

Jan Ernest Rosete Adviser

Panel of Examiners

iii

Acknowledgements The researchers wishes to express their deepest gratitude to the special people who have extended their assistance for the success of this study; To the Almighty God, who is the source of life and strength of knowledge and wisdom, who never failed us, saved us from our sins and blesses us every day. Sir Jan Ernest Rosete,

our research teacher for his

apprehension,

encouragement, patience and guidance who’s expertise and knowledge were generally shared to successfully conduct this research study. To our fellow classmates, that shared their knowledge and ideas to conduct this research study properly. To our friends and schoolmates inside and outside the campus that shared their experiences about making thesis or dissertation paper. To our beloved parents and guardians, for their untiring love and support. The Lord and Jesus Christ, this research study was whole heartedly offered.

iv

Abstract The first section of this research study describes the Discrimination between Higher and Lower Section in Grade 10

on Del Pilar Academy.

This study characterizes and discusses some of its important concepts. It also discusses the factors, aspects and perspectives of different people on the said topic. Some of it’s

sections were based on our own experiences

and other people’s experiences that made our conclusion and thoughts valuable and not superficial. The second section of this research study describes related studies that will contribute a lot to successfully conduct this

research

study.

Based

on

other

conducted

studies

and

factual

information that came from reliable sources made this study to be useful.

v

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM: RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND Chapter 1 consists of the overview discussion of the problem by citing some phrases and sentences from published materials relevant to the study. This gives the reader general idea and impression as well as motivation of the study. Some researchers integrate related studies and related literature in this Chapter. After

thorough presentation of the background of the study, there are

seven subtopics in this Chapter which are as follows: 1. Statement of the Problem 2. Hypotheses 3. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework 4. Significance of the Study 5. Scope and Limitations of the Study 6. Definition of Key Terms

1

Introduction You can enjoy studying on your own school if the students in the section you’re in to are your friends. It’s awkward to move in an environment if you’re isolated and different from them. Teens nowadays usually has the view point of “Is it okay not to have high grades but still you’re passing” that’s why the internet or balbal term “tropa tropa chill chill” was started. And the common quotation study hard was changed to study well. They say that don’t study hard because when you study hard you’ll not enjoy your life while studying. There are so many factors that affect the study habits of a person, first is their parents or the people inside

their

house.

Second,

the

people

around

environment which they are moving around. Fourth,

them.

Third,

the

the people they are

looking up to. And lastly, their loved ones. While some students prefer to focus on social objectives in school, the reality is that students usually feel academic pressure from one or more people. Parents often expect students to achieve certain academic goals, whether those include making the dean's list or graduating on time. Professors, staff and peers at school may also push students to work hard in school.

2

In many cases, more ambitious students face self-inflicted pressure to get good grades, graduate and get a great job. Many of us experienced the difficulties in studying particularly stress,

for people with intellect when

they experience failures they are usually dealing with stress next to depression that can lead to suicide. According to Dr Denise Meyer, a psychologist who works for the website Students Against Depression, agrees: "You can't say depression is caused by debt. Depression comes about when coping resources are overwhelmed, and that takes place for a variety of reasons." Depression is an epidemic among college students, 1 out of every 4 college students suffers from some form of mental illness, including depression. College students has a high risk of attempting suicide because of the peer pressure, elders and graduates says that high school life is the happiest chapter of your studying. IQ has nothing to do with your attitude hence, your attitude reflects on how you’re raised by your parents and the environment where you are raised up. However, people has their own outlook about the disparity of the effect from how you’re raised up and your own IQ.

3

Statement of the Problem Problem. The main problem of this study is the Discrimination between Higher

and

Lower

Sections

in

Grade

10

of

Del

Pilar

Academy.

Specifically it attempts to answer the following questions: 1. What are the possible aspects of an individual towards their sections? 2. What are the factors that affects the study habits of the students that resulted their sections in this present time? 3. How does your section related to how other people treats you? 4. What is the significance of sections?

4

implementing higher and

lower

Objectives.

The

main

purpose of this study is to

determine the

Discrimination between higher and lower sections in Grade 10 of Del Pilar Academy. Specifically it attempts to answer the following objectives: 1. To

find

out

student’s

perspective

about

higher

and

lower

sections in Grade 10 of Del Pilar Academy. 2. To determine the effects of a person’s section to his/her selfesteem. 3. To

find

out

how Del Pilar Academy’s teacher treats

their

students. 4. To know the Advantage and Disadvantage of being a student in higher and lower sections.

5

Hypothesis Based on the identified research questions, the researchers formulated the null and alternative hypothesis: Alternative hypothesis: There is a significant difference between students in hetero sections and students in higher section based on how they are treated. On our research, we’ve conducted different answers from different students that are from different sections. For example a hetero student felt underestimated by another student by just being on his section. While the students in higher section tend to be overestimated because if you’re in a higher section everybody expects a lot from you. In here we can clarify that these two students are treated differently. One being treated on higher expectations while the other is treated with lower. Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between students in hetero sections and students in higher section on their goals. Based on our study, their goal is to attain better grades and to make themselves and others proud. This is common goal that we see on high school but sometimes other things interfere them especially students in hetero section.

6

Theoretical Framework Independent Variable

Dependent Variable

Academic rank Performance

Main Problem: The way how students in lower and higher sections are treated.

Figure 1.

Paradigm

of

Study

on

the

Discrimination

between

Higher and Lower section in Grade 10 on Del Pilar Academy

7

Significance of the Study

The

significance

of

this

research

study,

the

“Discrimination

between Higher and Lower Sections in Grade 10 of Del Pilar Academy” is to

know why do the people inside and outside the

campus expects the students in higher sections tend to have a better attitude than the lower sections. This study focused

on

explaining the point of views of the students which are living with expectations through their sections. Many people, especially those who saw the differences of the students now and before can probably say that students now a days are rude or have an attitude issue, whether they are on the higher or lower section. We can’t remove the notion that the students in higher sections should have an appropriate attitude because their IQ are much higher and they are easy to understand. But the students, themselves dispute to make that thought to stay on other’s mind. Nonetheless, being one from a higher sections are like: having a reverence from other people without doing anything; having integrity that you are different; having first-rate treatment from people around you. Those are some examples of the benefits that the reality offers to people that came from the first section.

8

Scope and Limitations of the Study Scoping

through

the

topic

comparing

grades

and

identifying

the

student’s section either lower or higher sections is one of the common procedure to determine where does the students belongs. Having lower grades doesn’t mean that you will be transferred to lower sections, having a grade in the bracket of 70-79 doesn’t mean being in lower section. This study is conducted to perceive the different perspective of different people towards a school’s sections, the possible effects, the causes and reasons with the help of the respondents from Grade 10 on Del Pilar Academy. Limited

on

the

secondary

of

Del

Pilar

Academy,

Imus

Cavite,

the

department of English who taught research that can also help for other subjects.

9

Definition of Key Terms For understanding, these following terminologies are defined operational and conceptual. “Tropa tropa chill chill” - defined as an internet term used by netizens means to hangout. Depression - defined as a “living in a black hole” or having a feeling of impending doom. However, some depressed people don't feel sad at all— they may feel lifeless, empty, and apathetic, or men in particular may even feel angry, aggressive, and restless. Suicide - defined as the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Suicide is often carried out as a result of despair, the cause of which is frequently attributed to a mental disorder such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, alcoholism, or drug abuse, as well as stress factors such as financial difficulties, troubles with interpersonal relationships, and bullying. Suicide prevention efforts include limiting access to method of suicide such as firearms and poisons, treating mental illness and drug misuse, and improving economic conditions. Although crisis hotlines are common, there is little evidence for their effectiveness.

10

Epidemic - defined as an epidemic (from Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time, usually two weeks or less. Mental Illness - refers to a wide range of mental health conditions — disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behavior. Peer Pressure - defined as an influence from members of one's peer group. IQ (Intelligent Quotient) - defined as a score derived from one of several standardized tests designed to assess human intelligence.

11

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Chapter

2

(Review

of

Related

Literature)

is

the

second

major

component of a research paper, thesis or dissertation. This includes the legal bases, literature, and studies with relevant implications to the present study. The purposes are (1) to determine the similarities and difference of the past studies and (2) to gain insights into the aspects of the problem that are critical and controversial. Review of related literature is divided into three parts: 1. Related Legal Bases 2. Related Studies 3. Justification of the Present Study

12

Related Legal Bases In 1987 Philippine Constitution, written in Article XIV Section 5, (1) the State shall take into account regional and sectoral needs and conditions and shall encourage local planning in the development of educational policies and programs. (2) Academic freedom shall be enjoyed in all institutions of higher learning. (3) Every citizen has a right to select a profession or course of study, subject to fair, reasonable, and equitable admission and academic requirements. (4) The State shall enhance the right of teachers to professional advancement. Non-teaching academic and non-academic personnel shall enjoy the protection of the State. (5) The State shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education and ensure that teaching will attract and retain its rightful share of the best available talents through adequate remuneration and other means of job satisfaction and fulfillment.

13

Related Studies Foreign Numerous Pygmalion

effect,

studies in

have

which

documented

students

perform

what

is

better

known or

as

worse

the

simply

because teachers expect them to do so (see, for example, Rosenthal and Jacobson 1968). In the modern education system, such expectations are set not just by teachers but by the range of evaluators, many of whom have no direct contact with the student, such as admissions officers of the anonymous graders of national and standardized exams. Of particular concern

is

whether

the

resulting

experiences

of

students

differ

systematically based on observable characteristic, like minority status and gender. Such discrimination could have long-lasting effects, by reinforcing erroneous beliefs of inferiority (Steele and Aronson 1998; Hoff and Pandey 2006), and discouraging children from making human capital investments ( Mechtenberg 2009; Tajfel 1970; Arrow 1972 Coate Loury 1993). Additionally, since such external evaluations are often used to determine access to academic opportunities like competitive schools and higher education, such discrimination could directly block access to this important resources.

14

Unlike teaching, however, external evaluations take place away from the classroom, making it feasible to restrict information available to evaluators. Teachersclassroom, but this information can be removed from an exam, for

example,

before

it

is

graded. Thus,

concerns

have

entered

the

discussions on grading standards both because the expectations conveyed through them affects student achievement (Figlio and Lucas 2004) and because more formalized grading strategies may result in a less equitable distribution of scores (Brennan et al 2001; Gallagher 1998). Unfortunately it is difficult to empirically test whether discrimination exists. Disadvantaged minorities, by definition come from disadvantaged backgrounds with many characteristics that are associated with poor academic performance--- few educational resources in schools, low levels of parental education, etc. Thus, it is hard to understand whether children from disadvantaged minority groups perform worse due to discrimination or due to other characteristics. Moreover as Anderson, Fryer, and Holt (2006) discuss, “uncovering attitudes

mechanisms

behind

discrimination

is difficult

because

the

about race, gender, and other characteristics that serve as a

basis for differential treatment are not easily observed or measured.”

15

Justification of the Present Study In American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, there was such rationale that was also been the problem in the students here in the Philippines, there was similarities on how teachers treated their students and on how they look upon them. The difference is, the grading standards of America from the Philippines is somewhat has a wide dissimilarity. Stated from the journal that the study was a report about the results of an experiment

that

was

designed

to

test

for

discrimination

in

grading

conducted in India, our study was conducted and justified with the help of our respondents in Grade 10 of Del Pilar Academy, Imus Cavite. The Article XIV is related to the present study since the high school graduates that has low average couldn’t get the course what they want maybe because courses have ceiling grades. The education in the Philippines was not been the priority these past few years that caused the lack of knowledge about the rights of the students about their studies. Studying is not just about learning and getting high grades, it is also about practicing your right as a Filipino and a human being.

16

Bibliography Hanna, Rema N. and Leigh L. Linden. 2012. “Discrimination in Grading” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 4(4): 146–168. Hattenstone, Simon. 2013. “Students and depression: the struggle to survive” http://www.theguardian.com/education/2013/mar/23/student-suicide-depressiondebt-recession http://www.healthline.com/health/depression/college-students http://education.seattlepi.com/reasons-college-life-can-stressful-1244.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemic http://www.leighlinden.com/Caste_Disc_AEJPolicy.pdf http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-thephilippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-xiv/

17