Cognitive Theory2

Cognitive Theory

Jean Pia get

Cognitive development is an orderly, sequential process in which a variety of new experiences (stimuli) must exist before intellectual abilities can develop. Piaget 1996

Jean Piaget  Refers to the manner in which people learn to think, reason and use language.  Involves a person’s intelligence, perceptual ability, and ability to process information.  Represents a progression of mental abilities from illogical to logical thinking, from simple to complex problem solving, and from understanding concrete ideas to understanding abstract concepts.

Four Phases Sensorimotor Phase Preoperational Phase

Concrete Operations Phase Formal Operations Phase

Three Primary Abilities

 Assimilation – process through which humans encounter and react to new situations by using the mechanisms they possess.  Accomodation – process of change whereby cognitive processes mature sufficiently to allow the person to solve problems that were unsolvable before.  Adaptation – ability to handle the demands made by the environment.

Sensorimotor “Distinguish self from environment”

Sensorimotor • Stage 1 Reflexive “common reaction of the body” • Stage 2 Primary Circular reaction “Body is the center of the environment” • Stage 3 Secondary circular reaction “aware of environment and tends to modify it”

Sensorimotor

• Stage 4 Coordination and schemata “Goal” different from attaining it • Stage 5 tertiary circular reaction “Goal” New ways of attaining it • Stage 6 Inventions of new means “Mental Images and pretend play”

PRE-OPERATIONAL THOUGHT 2-7 years old

Pre-conceptual thought o 2-4 years old o Uses an egocentric approach o Everything is significant and relates to “me” o Explores environment o Language development is rapid o Associate words with objects

Intuitive thought 4-7 years old Egocentric diminishes Words expresses thoughts

CONCRETE OPERATIONAL THOUGHT 6-12 or 7-11 years old

Significant Behavior -Child begins to apply logical thinking -Understand directions -Begins to understand relationship -Solves concrete problems -School age: can understand cause and effect and concrete relationships or problems

FORMAL OPERATION

• 12 – 15 years old • Uses rational thinking • The child learns to think and reason in abstract term, it develop logical thinking and reasoning and achieve cognitive maturity