Cognitive Apprenticeship Ppt Notes

Cognitive Apprenticeship “Mastering knowledge”

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HOME PAGE • History and Background • Redefining Learning • Methods and Examples • Exploration

HISTORY AND BACKGROUND

Learning Objectives • Explain the goal of cognitive apprenticeship • Identify and define key concepts that support cognitive apprenticeship

Once Upon A Time …

And then …

The “practice” of thinking?

Traditional Apprenticeships • Physical • External • Easily Observable • Psychomotor Domain

Formal Schooling • Mental • Internal • Only observable through explicit evaluation • Cognitive Domain

Goal of Cognitive Apprenticeship • Recover all the benefits of traditional apprenticeships, by reconciling formal schooling objectives with traditional methodologies.

In other words …

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BUT HOW?

Constructivism • Learning is a process of internal negotiation of meaning • Learning occurs best in functional, social, or cultural context

Constructivist Says …. “ Knowledge is constructed by learners as they attempt to make sense of their experiences.“ - Driscoll

Situated Learning • Learning should not be abstract! • Activity in which you learn is an integral part of what you learn

Foundation for C.A. • Teach through guided learning • Make progress and desired outcomes explicitly observable • Situated learning facilitates this idea

Quick Review • List some of the concepts that support the cognitive apprenticeship theory. • What is the goal of cognitive apprenticeships?

Redefining Learning

Learning Objectives • Define cognitive apprenticeship • Identify key differences between traditional and cognitive apprenticeships

COGNITIVE APPRENTICESHIP DEFINED • A theory outlining methodology for teaching complex cognitive tasks through guided learning

Redefined • A THEORY • HOW TO TEACH • COMPLEX MENTAL TASKS • GUIDED LEARNING

Key Differences Cognitive • Mental

Traditiona l • Physical

• Internal • External • Cognitive Domain

• Psychomotor Domain

Key Differences CA • Learning observed explicitly

Formal Schooling • Learning observed through evaluation

• External • Internal • Situated • Abstract

Recall … • How was Cognitive Apprenticeship defined? • Explain the major difference between traditional and cognitive apprenticeship.

METHODS AND EXAMPLES

Learning Objectives • List the methods employed by cognitive apprenticeships. • Offer examples for each method employed during cognitive apprenticeships

The Methods • Modeling • Coaching • Articulation • Reflection • Exploration

Modeling • Expert sets the example • E.G. Math teacher works through a problem aloud

Coaching • Student practices skill while expert offers feedback and advice • E.G. Student tries math problems while expert watches and guides

Articulation • Student articulates thought process • E.G. Math teacher asks student to say what he thinks might be the next and step, and why

Reflection • Student compares their results to the expert • E.G. After a student finishes a math problem, the teacher works through and shows the correct steps and solution

Exploration • Students face new problems on their own • E.G. Assigning real world math problems for homework

Parting Thoughts • Many schools apply these ideas, just poorly. • Not enough “experts” for every “apprentice” • Web-based learning

FINAL REVIEW • List the 5 methods employed by C.A. • What real world examples can you think of for each method?

EXPLORATION • http://www.21learn.org/arch/articles/brown_seely.html

• http://chd.gse.gmu.edu/immersion/knowledgebase/strategies/con • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_apprenticeship