Cna Hrtchagakir

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²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³·áõÙ³ñÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ðéã³Ï³·ÇñÁ` ϳåí³Í ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ÜϳïÇ áõݻݳÉáí Ñ»ï¨Û³É ÷³ëï³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ. • г½³ñ³ÙÛ³ÏÝ»ñ ß³ñáõÝ³Ï Ñ³Û»ñÇ Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ` áñå»ë µáõÝ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝ, ³åñ»É ¿ ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ, áõñ ¨ ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ»É ¿ ÙÇ Ï³ÛáõÝ áõ ͳÕÏáÕ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ëï»ÕÍ»É Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ µ³ñÓñ³Ï³ñ· ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñ: • úëÙ³ÝÛ³Ý ÉÍÇ ï³Ï ѳۻñÁ »ÝóñÏí»É »Ý Ùßï³Ï³Ý ѳɳͳÝùÝ»ñÇ, ç³ñ¹»ñÇ áõ µéÝÇ ³ñï³·³ÕûñÇ, áñáÝù 1894-1896ÃÃ. ¨ 1909Ã. ç³ñ¹»ñÇó Ñ»ïá Çñ»Ýó ·³·³ÃݳϻïÇÝ Ñ³ë³Ý 1915-1923ÃÃ. Ïáïáñ³ÍÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ïª ï³Éáí 2 ÙÉÝ ½áÑ: ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ, ËáõÛë ï³Éáí ºÕ»éÝÇó, ³ñÙ³ï³ËÇÉ »Õ³Ý Çñ»Ýó å³å»Ý³Ï³Ý ÑáÕÇó ¨ óñí»óÇÝ ³ß˳ñÑáí Ù»Ï: • ²é³çÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ß˳ñѳÛÇÝ å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï éáõë³Ï³Ý áõÅ»ñÁ ³½³ï³·ñ»óÇÝ ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÁ, µ³Ûó 1917Ã. ÐáÏï»Ùµ»ñÛ³Ý Ñ»Õ³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ñ»ïá ù»Ù³É³Ãáõñù³Ï³Ý áõÅ»ñÁ ËáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ ÏáÙáõÝÇëïÝ»ñÇ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ ³ÛÝ í»ñ³½³íûóÇÝ: • 1916Ã. Ù³ÛÇëÇ 9-ÇÝ ¨ 16-ÇÝ ëïáñ³·ñí³Í ê³Ûùë-äÇÏáÛÇ å³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ ÎÇÉÇÏdzÛáõÙ, üñ³ÝëdzÛÇÝ ßÝáñÑ»ó Ñáí³Ý³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³Ý¹³ïª îÇ·ñ³Ý³Ï»ñïÇ ¥¸Ç³ñµ»ùÇñ¤, ʳñµ»ñ¹Ç ¨ ²¹³Ý³ÛÇ Ñ³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý ·³í³éÝ»ñÇ ÇÝùݳí³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ` ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³Éáí Ð³Û ²½·³ÛÇÝ ä³ïíÇñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï, ÃáõÛÉ ï³Éáí ²ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý É»·»áÝÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³ÝÁ, áñÁ Ñ»ïá í»ñ³Ýí³Ýí»ó гÛÏ³Ï³Ý É»·»áÝ: • èáõë³Ï³Ý ϳÛëñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÏáõÙÇó Ñ»ïá ѳۻñÇ ³ÝϳËáõÃÛáõÝÁ ²ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ù³ëáí í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ýí»óª ³ÝÏ³Ë Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñéã³ÏáõÙáí: ´³Ûó »ñÏáõ ϳñ× ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇó Ñ»ïá ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ èáõë³ëï³ÝÇ ¨ ù»Ù³É³Ãáõñù³Ï³Ý µ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñËáõÅ»óÇÝ Ýáñ³ëï»ÕÍ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ: ܳËÇ稳ÝÇ, γñëÇ, æ³í³ËùÇ ¨ ²ñó³ËÇ ¥Ô³ñ³µ³Õ¤ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëݳïáõÙÇó Ñ»ïá ëï»ÕÍí»ó ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÷áùñÇÏ ÙÇ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ, áñÁ ÙÇÝ㨠1991Ã. ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ ØÇáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ë ϳ½Ù»ó: • ²Û¹ Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ ßïÏ»Éáõ ¨ Çñ»Ýó ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇÝ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñ ·ïÝ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí ²ñ¨Ùï³Ñ³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÁ Ññ³íÇñ»óÇÝ »ñÏáõ ѳٳ·áõÙ³ñ` Ù»ÏÁ 1917Ã., ÙÛáõëÁ` 1919Ã. ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ: ²Ûë »ñÏñáñ¹ ѳٳ·áõÙ³ñÁ ëï»ÕÍ»ó ·áñͳ¹Çñ Ù³ñÙÇÝ, áñÝ ¿É ÁÝïñ»ó 12 å³ïíÇñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ, áñáÝù г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ä³éɳٻÝïáõÙ ¹³ñÓ³Ý Çñ»Ýó Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÁ: • 1920Ã. û·áëïáëÇ 10-Ç ê¨ñÇ å³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ` ëïáñ³·ñí³Í ÙÇ ÏáÕÙÇó, ¹³ßݳÏÇó ï»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó` ÂáõñùdzÛÇ ÙÇç¨, ¹ÇÙ»É ¿ §´³Ý³ÏóáÕ ÏáÕÙ»ñÇÝ` ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ 1

»ÝóñÏí»É ²ØÜ-Ç Ý³Ë³·³ÑÇ Çñ³í³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁª ÂáõñùdzÛÇ ¨ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÙÇç¨ Î³ñÇÝ ¥¾ñ½ñáõÙ¤, îñ³åǽáÝ, ì³Ý ¨ ´ÇÃÉÇë íÇɳۻÃÝ»ñÇ ë³ÑٳݳÛÇÝ Ñ³ñó»ñÁ áñáß»Éáõ ѳñóáõÙ, ¨ ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï ³Û¹ áñáßáõÙÁ ѳëï³ï»É, ³å³ ݳ¨ Ýß³Ý³Ï»É Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ` ¹»åÇ Íáí »Éù áõݻݳÉáõ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É µáÉáñ Ñݳñ³íáñ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ í»ñáÑÇßÛ³É ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³ïáÕ Ãáõñù³Ï³Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ³å³é³½Ù³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁ»: • ²Û¹ ųٳݳÏí³ÝÇó ëÏë³Íª ²ñ¨Ùï³Ñ³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ Ñ»ï³Ùáõï »Ý »Õ»É ³ß˳ñÑáõÙ ³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áñáÝÙ³ÝÁ, Ñ»ï¨Û³É ÷³ëï»ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³: • ²½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³·áõÙ³ñÇ ¨ ²½·³ÛÇÝ å³ïíÇñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ¹³¹³ñáõÙÇó Ñ»ïá, ÇÝãÁ ϳï³ñí»ó 1919Ã. ÷»ïñí³ñÇó ÙÇÝ㨠1920Ã. ÑáõÉÇëÁ ö³ñǽáõÙ, ²ñ¨Ùï³Ñ³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇÝ ³Ûɨë ãѳçáÕí»ó ëï»ÕÍ»É ÙÇ å³ïß³× Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóãáõÃÛáõÝ, áñÁ Ïå³ßïå³Ý»ñ Çñ»Ýó ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÁ: • ÊݹÇñÝ»ñÇ Ñëï³Ï Édz½áñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ¹»ñ»ñÇ µ³ßËáõÙÁ, ѳٳï»Õ ç³Ýù»ñÁ Ñ³Û ÅáÕáíñ¹Ç ³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý ¨ ³ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ù³ë»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ûųݹ³Ï»É ³½·³ÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ É³í³·áõÛÝ ÉáõÍÙ³ÝÁ: ²ÛëåÇëáí` Ïáã »Ýù ³ÝáõÙ • гÛÏ³Ï³Ý ³½·³ÛÇÝ ËáñÑñ¹Ç Ñáí³Ý³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ áíù»ñ ÙdzÏÝ »Ý, áñ Çñ³í³ëáõ »Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ß³ñáõݳÏÙ³ÝÁ, Çñ»Ýó ÇÝùÝáñáßÙ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÇ ³ñŨáñÙ³ÝÁ ¨ Çñ»Ýó Çñ³í³Ï³Ý å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ë³Ñٳݳ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïÙ³ÝÁ` ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ³½·³ÛÇÝ ÅáÕáíÇ ë³Ñٳݳ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ, áñÇ å³ïíÇñ³ÏÝ»ñÝ ÁÝïñí»É »Ý ï³ñµ»ñ »ñÏñÝ»ñ ·³ÕÃ³Í ï³ñµ»ñ ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇó,: гëï³ï»Éáí, áñ ²ñ¨Ùï³Ñ³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ ³ñųÝÇùÝ»ñáí ¨ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñáí ѳí³ë³ñ »Ý ÙÛáõë µáÉáñ ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÇÝ, ÁݹáõÝ»Éáí µáÉáñ ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ ï³ñµ»ñ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ¨ Çñ»Ýó ï³ñµ»ñ Ï»ñå ÇÝùݳ·Ý³Ñ³ï»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝùÁ ¨ áñå»ë ³Û¹åÇëÇÝ Ñ³ñ·í³Í ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ, гëï³ï»Éáí ݳ¨, áñ µáÉáñ ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÝ ¿É Ýå³ëïáõÙ »Ý ù³Õ³ù³ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý áõ Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ Ñ³ñëï³óÙ³ÝÁ ¨ µ³½Ù³½³ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, áñáÝù ѳٳÛÝ Ù³ñ¹ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñëïáõÃÛáõÝÝ »Ý ϳ½ÙáõÙ, гëï³ï»Éáí ݳ¨, áñ µáÉáñ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁª ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ¨ ·áñÍݳϳÝ, áñáÝù ¹ÇÙáõ٠ϳ٠·áí³µ³ÝáõÙ »Ý ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ Ï³Ù ³ÝѳïÝ»ñÇ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ, Ñ»Ýí»Éáí ³½·³ÛÇÝ, é³ëë³Û³Ï³Ý, ÏñáݳϳÝ, ¿ÃÝÇÏ Ï³Ù Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³, é³ëëÇëï³Ï³Ý »Ý, ·Çï³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ë˳É, Çñ³í³µ³Ýáñ»Ý ³Ý³ñÅ»ù, µ³ñáÛ³å»ë ¹³ï³å³ñïÙ³Ý ³ñųÝÇ ¨ ѳë³ñ³Ï³ÛÝáñ»Ý ³Ý³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ, ì»ñ³Ñ³ëï³ï»Éáí, áñ ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ»Ýó Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»ÉÇë ãå»ïù ¿ Ëïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ñϳ ѳݹÇë³Ý³Ý,

Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÝ

Øï³Ñá·í³Í ³ÛÝ ÷³ëïáí, áñ ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ ½ñÏí»É »Ý Çñ»Ýó Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇó ¨ Çñ»Ýó ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝÇó, ÙÛáõë ѻ勉ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ݳ¨ Ýñ³Ýù µÝ³çÝçí»É »Ý, ³ñï³ùëí»É ¨ ½ñÏí»É Çñ»Ýó ÑáÕ»ñÇó, ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇó, µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇó, áñÁ Ýñ³Ýó ˳ݷ³ñ»É ¿ ϳï³ñ»É³·áñÍ»É Çñ»Ýó ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÁ` Áëï Çñ»Ýó ë»÷³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ,

2

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Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ϳåí³Í Ù³ñ¹áõ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï, áñ ÏÇñ³é»ÉÇ »Ý ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, Àݹ·Í»Éáí, áñ زÎ-Á ϳñ¨áñ ¹»ñ áõÝÇ ¨ ß³ñáõݳÏáõÙ ¿ áõÝ»Ý³É ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ³é³ç ù³ßÙ³Ý ¨ å³ßïå³ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³ñóáõÙ, гÙá½í³Í, áñ ïíÛ³É Ðéã³Ï³·ÇñÁ ÙÇ Ýáñ ϳñ¨áñ ßñç³Ý ¿ ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ ³½³ïáõÃÛ³Ý áõ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ×³Ý³ãÙ³Ý, ³é³çù³ßÙ³Ý áõ å³ßïå³ÝÙ³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑÇÝ ¨ ³Ûë áÉáñïáõÙ Ødzíáñí³Í ³½·»ñÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍáõÙ, гݹÇë³íáñ ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÙ ¿ Ødzíáñí³Í ³½·»ñÇ Ðéã³Ï³·ÇñÁ µÝÇÏ ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É` ÏÇñ³é»ÉÇ ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ íñ³, áñÇ ï»ùëïÁ Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿ª γ½Ùí³Í 9 Ù³ë»ñÇó, 45 Ñá¹í³ÍÝ»ñÇó, áñáÝù »Ý. Ø³ë ³é³çÇÝ: ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ ³½³ï ÉÇÝ»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝù Ø³ë »ñÏñáñ¹: ²½³ï ³åñ»É³Ï»ñåÇ, Ùï³íáñ ¨ ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ÙµáÕç³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù Ø³ë »ññáñ¹: È»½íÇ, Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ ¨ ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÝ»ñÇ Çñ³íáõÝù سë ãáññáñ¹: ¸³ëïdzñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù سë ÑÇÝ·»ñáñ¹: ¼³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ¨ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý å³ßïå³Ýí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù سë í»ó»ñáñ¹: ø³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý å³ßïå³Ýí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý, ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ¨ ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù سë Ûáûñáñ¹: ø³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý ¨ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù سë áõûñáñ¹: ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ³ñï³ùÇÝ Ï³å»ñÇ Çñ³íáõÝù سë ÇÝÝ»ñáñ¹: ²ÝÓÇ ³ñųݳå³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù

Ø³ë ²é³çÇÝ: ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ ³½³ï ÉÇÝ»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝùÁ Ðá¹í³Í 1 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý ÉdzñÅ»ùáñ»Ý ¨ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáõ Ù³ñ¹áõ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñáÝù ׳ݳãí»É »Ý Ødzíáñí³Í ³½·»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó, Ù³ñ¹áõ ѳÙÁݹѳÝáõñ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ðéã³Ï³·ÇñÁ ¨ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝùÁª ϳåí³Í Ù³ñ¹áõ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: Ðá¹í³Í 2 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ, Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ Ï³Ù ³ÝѳïÝ»ñ, ³½³ï »Ý ¨ ÙÛáõëÝ»ñÇÝ ³ñųÝÇùÝ»ñáí ¨ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñáí ѳí³ë³ñ »Ý ¨ áã ó³ÝϳÉÇ Ëïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý áñ¨¿ 4

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Ø³ë »ñÏñáñ¹: ²½³ï ³åñ»É³Ï»ñåÇ, Ùï³íáñ ¨ ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ÙµáÕç³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù Ðá¹í³Í 6 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý, áñå»ë ÅáÕáíáõñ¹, ³½³ï, Ë³Õ³Õ ¨ ³Ýíï³Ý· ³åñ»Éáõ, ÇÝãå»ë ÙÛáõë ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÁ, ¨ Çñ»Ýó å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ 1894-1923ÃÃ. ó»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ×³Ý³ãáõÙáí, ¨ ³ÙµáÕçáíÇÝ å³ßïå³Ýí³Í ÉÇÝ»É ó»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ù µéÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÛáõë Ó¨»ñÇó` Ý»ñ³éÛ³É ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇó ¨ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇó »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ ³é¨³Ý·áõÙÁ, ÇÝã å³ïñí³Ïáí ¿É áñ ÉÇÝÇ : Üñ³Ýù ݳ¨ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý, áñå»ë ³Ýѳï, ÏÛ³ÝùÇ, Ùï³íáñ ¨ ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓ»éÝÙË»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý, ³½³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ³ÝÓÇ ³å³ÑáíáõÃÛ³Ý: Ðá¹í³Í 7 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý áñå»ë ÅáÕáíáõñ¹ ¨ áñå»ë ³Ýѳï, å³ßïå³Ýí³Í ÉÇÝ»É ³½·³ÛÇÝ ³ñųÝÇùÝ»ñÇ áãÝã³óáõÙÇó, Çñ»Ýó å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý ÅËïáõÙÇó ϳ٠Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ áãÝã³óáõÙÇó` ѳïϳå»ë áõÕÕí³Í ˳ݷ³ñ»Éáõ ϳ٠÷áË»Éáõ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáíª ³¤ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, áñ Ýå³ï³Ï ϳ٠ѻ勉Ýù Ïáõݻݳ ½ñÏ»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó ³ÝÓ»éÝÙË»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÇó` áñå»ë Çñ»Ýó Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇó ϳ٠¿ÃÝÇÏ ³Ýѳï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó ï³ñµ»ñ ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñ. µ¤ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, áñ Ýå³ï³Ï ϳ٠ѻ勉Ýù Ïáõݻݳ ½ñÏ»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó ÑáÕ»ñÇó , ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇó ϳ٠µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇó.

5

·¤ ÅáÕáíñ¹Ç ³Ù»Ý ï»ë³ÏÇ ³ñï³ùëáõÙ, áñ Ýå³ï³Ï ϳ٠ѻ勉Ýù Ïáõݻݳ ˳Ëï»Éáõ ϳ٠í»ñ³óÝ»Éáõ Ýñ³Ýó Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇó áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÁ. ¹¤ ³Ù»Ý ï»ë³ÏÇ ³éÝÙ³ÝáõÙÁ ϳ٠ÙdzóáõÙÁ ÙÛáõë Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ù ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ³åñ»É³Ï»ñåÇ Ñ»ï ª ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý, í³ñã³Ï³Ý ϳ٠³ÛÉ Ó¨»ñáí. »¤ Ýñ³Ýó ¹»Ù áõÕÕí³Í ³Ù»Ý ï»ë³ÏÇ åñáå³·³Ý¹³: Ðá¹í³Í 8 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý, áñå»ë ÅáÕáíáõñ¹ ¨ áñå»ë ³Ýѳï, å³Ñ»Éáõ ¨ ½³ñ·³óÝ»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó ³é³ÝÓݳѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ áõ ³Ýѳï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É` Çñ»Ýó µÝÇÏ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝùÇ Ñ³ëï³ïáõÙÁ ¨ áñå»ë ³Û¹åÇëÇÝ ×³Ý³ãáõÙÁ : Ðá¹í³Í 9 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý, áñå»ë ÅáÕáíáõñ¹ ¨ áñå»ë ³Ýѳï, å³ïÏ³Ý»É ÙÇ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÇ Ï³Ù ÙÇ ³½·Ç` Áëï ïíÛ³É ³½·Ç ϳ٠ѳٳÛÝùÇ É»½íÇ, ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÝ»ñÇ ¨ ëáíáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ: Úáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ³Ýµ³ñ»Ý³ëï íÇ׳Ï, ÇÝãåÇëÇÝ ¿É ³ÛÝ ÉÇÝÇ, ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ ï³Ý»É ³Û¹ Çñ³íáõÝùÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³ÝÁ: Ðá¹í³Í 10 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇÝ ã»Ý ϳñáÕ Ñ³ñϳ¹ñ»É Éù»É Çñ»Ýó ÑáÕ»ñÁ, ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ ϳ٠µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ß³ñÝ»ñÁ: ²ÛÝï»Õ Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿ í»ñ³µÝ³Ï»óáõÙ ÙdzÛÝ ß³Ñ³·ñ·Çé ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ ³½³ï ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïí³Í ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ ¨ å³ï׳éÇ ³ÙµáÕç ·Çï³Ïóٳٵ: гٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ñ»ïá ï³É ×Çßï ¨ ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ, ¨ »Ã» Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿ ÁÝÓ»é»É ѻﹳñÓÇ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ: Ðá¹í³Í 11 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ ½ÇÝí³Í ÁݹѳñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý Ñ³ïáõÏ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý: ä»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ѳñ·»Ý ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ÝáñÙ»ñÁ, ѳïϳå»ë 1949Ã. ÄÝ¨Ç ãáññáñ¹ ѳٳӳÛݳ·ÇñÁ` ϳåí³Í ³ñï³Ï³ñ· Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÝ»ñáõÙ ¨ ½ÇÝí³Í ÁݹѳñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ù³Õ³ù³óÇÝ»ñÇ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï, ¨ Ó»éÝå³Ñ ÙݳÝ. ³¤ ѳϳé³Ï Çñ»Ýó ϳÙùÇ ½ÇÝíáñ³·ñ»É ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇÝ Çñ»Ýó ½ÇÝí³Í áõÅ»ñ, ѳïϳå»ë áõñÇß ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ ¹»Ù û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáõ ѳٳñ, µ¤ ½ÇÝíáñ³·ñ»É »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ Çñ»Ýó ½ÇÝí³Í áõÅ»ñ, ÇÝã ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñáõÙ ¿É áñ ÉÇÝÇ, ·¤ å³ñï³¹ñ»É ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇÝ ÃáÕÝ»É Çñ»Ýó ÑáÕ»ñÁ, ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ ϳ٠·áÛáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ, ϳ٠Ýñ³Ýó í»ñ³Ñ³ëï³ï»É ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í ѳïáõÏ í³Ûñ»ñ, ¹¤ å³ñï³¹ñ»É ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇÝ ³ß˳ï»Éáõ ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý í³Ûñ»ñáõÙª Ëïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ, ÇÝãåÇëÇÝ ¿É áñ ¹ñ³Ýù ÉÇÝ»Ý:

Ø³ë »ññáñ¹: È»½íÇ, Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ ¨ ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÝ»ñÇ Çñ³íáõÝù 6

Ðá¹í³Í 12 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý Ñ»ï¨»Éáõ ¨ í»ñ³Ïáã»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÝ»ñÁ ¨ Çñ»Ýó ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ: гïϳå»ë Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý å³Ñå³Ý»Éáõ, å³ßïå³Ý»Éáõ ¨ ½³ñ·³óÝ»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ ³Ýó³Í, Ý»ñϳ ¨ ·³ÉÇù ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ Ñݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ¨ å³ïÙ³Ï³Ý ï»Õ³ÝùÝ»ñÁ, ³ñÑ»ëï³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÝϳñãáõÃÛáõÝÁ, Ù³Ýñ³Ï»ñïÝ»ñÁ ¥Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñ¤, Í»ë»ñÁ, ϳï³ñÙ³Ý í³ñå»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ï»ëáÕ³Ï³Ý ³ñí»ëïÝ»ñÁ, óï»ñ³ñí»ëïÁ ¨ ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ: Üñ³Ýù Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý Ý³¨ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»Éáõ Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ, Ùï³íáñ, ÏñáÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ Ñá·¨áñ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ, áñ Ýñ³ÝóÇó í»ñóí»É ¿ ³é³Ýó Çñ»Ýó ³½³ïáñ»Ý ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï³Í ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ å³ï׳éÇ ³ÙµáÕç ·Çï³Ïóٳٵ ϳ٠Çñ»Ýó ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñÇ, ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÝ»ñÇ ¨ ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ Ë³Ëïٳٵ: Ðá¹í³Í 13 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý Ñ»ï¨»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÝ»ñÇÝ ¨ ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇÝ, Ñá·¨áñ ¨ ÏñáÝ³Ï³Ý Í»ë»ñÇÝ, û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáõ, Ýå³ëï»Éáõ ¨ áõëáõó³Ý»Éáõ ¹ñ³Ýù, å³Ñå³Ý»Éáõ ¨ å³ßïå³Ý»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó Ñá·¨áñ ¨ Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ í³Ûñ»ñÁ, ¨ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉáõ ³ÛÝï»Õ Ù³ëݳíáñ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý, û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáõ, ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï áõݻݳÉáõ Çñ»Ýó ÍÇë³Ï³Ý ³é³ñϳݻñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ Çñ³íáõÝù` Çñ»Ýó å³ïϳÝáÕ Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ Ùݳóáñ¹Ý»ñÇ ï»Õ³÷áËÙ³Ý: гٳ·áñͳÏó»Éáí ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ Ñ»ï` å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Ó»éù ³éÝ»Ý å³Ñå³Ý»Éáõ, å³ßïå³Ý»Éáõ ¨ ËݳٻÉáõ ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ëñµ³½³Ý ÑáÕ»ñÁ, Ý»ñ³é۳ɪ óÕáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ: Ðá¹í³Í 14 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»Éáõ, û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáõ, ½³ñ·³óÝ»Éáõ ¨ ÷á˳Ýó»Éáõ ·³ÉÇù ë»ñáõݹݻñÇÝ Çñ»Ýó å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ, É»½áõÝ, µ³Ý³íáñ ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ, ÷ÇÉÇëá÷³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ·ñ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á, ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ÁÝïñ»Éáõ ϳ٠å³Ñå³Ý»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó ë»÷³Ï³Ý ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ, ï»Õ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ³Ýí³ÝáõÙÝ»ñÁ: ²Ù»Ý ³Ý·³Ù, »ñµ ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇó áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇÝ ëå³éݳÝ, ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ ¨ ä»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ å³ßïå³Ý³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Ó»éù ϳéÝ»Ý ¨ Ïç³Ý³Ý, áñ ߳ѷñ·Çé ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ ϳñáÕ³Ý³Ý Ñ³ëÏ³Ý³É ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ Çñ³í³µ³Ý³Ï³Ý, ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ¨ í³ñã³Ï³Ý ³é³çÁÝóóÁ` ѳñÏ »Õ³Í ¹»åùáõÙ Ýñ³Ýó ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»Éáí óñ·Ù³ÝãÇ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ϳ٠³ÛÉ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ, ѳëϳݳÉÇ ¹³ñÓÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ:

سë ãáññáñ¹: ¸³ëïdzñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù Ðá¹í³Í 15 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ å»ï³Ï³Ý áõëáõóÙ³Ý µáÉáñ Ó¨»ñÇÝ ¨ µáÉáñ ٳϳñ¹³ÏÝ»ñÇÝ: ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ µáÉáñ ѳۻñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý Ý³¨ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»Éáõ ¨ ÑëÏ»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó ë»÷³Ï³Ý 7

ѳٳϳñ·»ñÁ ¨ áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, áõñ áõëáõóáõÙÁ ÏÁÝóݳ Çñ»Ýó ë»÷³Ï³Ý É»½íáí` Áëï Çñ»Ýó ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý, Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ: ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ, ³åñ»Éáí Çñ»Ýó ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë, å»ïù ¿ ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÝ` Çñ»Ýó ë»÷³Ï³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ¨ Çñ»Ýó ë»÷³Ï³Ý É»½íáí ÁÝóóáÕ: ä»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ïç³Ý³Ý, áñ ³Û¹ Ýå³ï³Ïáí ïñ³Ù³¹ñí»Ý ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ: Ðá¹í³Í 16 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý µáÉáñ Ó¨»ñáí ÝíÇñ³µ³ñ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ, ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÝ»ñÇ, å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ÝÏñïáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñųÝÇùÝ»ñÝ áõ µ³½Ù³½³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ä»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ѳٳӳÛÝ»Éáí ߳ѳ·ñ·Çé ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ Ñ»ï, ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Ó»éù ϳéÝ»Ý, áñ å³ñï³¹ñ»Ý í»ñ³óÝ»É Ý³Ë³å³ß³ñÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ¨ Ëïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, Ýå³ëï»Ý ѳݹáõñÅáճϳÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ¨ ÁÙµéÝáճϳÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ¨ ɳí ѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳëï³ï»Ý ï»Õ³óÇ ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ ¨ ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý µáÉáñ ˳í»ñÇ Ñ»ï: Ðá¹í³Í 17 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý Ñ³ëï³ï»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó ë»÷³Ï³Ý ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÁª Çñ»Ýó ë»÷³Ï³Ý É»½íáí: Üñ³Ýù ѳí³ë³ñ³å»ë Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý Ý³¨ ѳëÝ»Éáõ ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ µáÉáñ Ó¨»ñÇÝ: ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ ¨ ä»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Ó»éù ϳéÝ»Ý, áñ å³ñï³¹ñ»Ý ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇÝ` ç³Ý³É ×Çßï Ùïù»ñ ï³É ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ µ³½Ù³½³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ: Ðá¹í³Í 18 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý ÉdzñÅ»ùáñ»Ý û·ïí»Éáõ ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í µáÉáñ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇó` ÑÇÙÝí³Í ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÇ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³½·³ÛÇÝ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ íñ³: ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý, áñå»ë ³Ýѳï, å³ßïå³Ýí³Í ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ³Ù»Ý ï»ë³Ï Ëïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÇóª ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ, å³ßïáÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ù í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛ³Ý:

سë ÑÇÝ·»ñáñ¹: ¼³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ¨ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý å³ßïå³Ýí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù Ðá¹í³Í19 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý ÉdzñÅ»ù Ù³ëݳÏó»Éáõ ¨ ï³ñµ»ñ ٳϳñ¹³ÏÝ»ñÇ áñáßáõÙÝ»ñ ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ, ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉáõ Çñ»Ýó Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ, ³åñ»É³Ï»ñåÇ ¨ ³å³·³ÛÇ íñ³` Çñ»Ýó 8

Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí ¨ Çñ»Ýó ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñáí: Üñ³Ýù Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý Ý³¨ å³Ñ»Éáõ ¨ ½³ñ·³óÝ»Éáõ áñáßáõÙ ÁݹáõÝáÕ Çñ»Ýó ë»÷³Ï³Ý ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: Ðá¹í³Í 20 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý ÉÇÇñ³í Ù³ëݳÏó»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ¨ í³ñã³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³ÝÁ` ѻ層Éáí Çñ»Ýó ë³ÑÙ³Ý³Í ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇÝ: ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇÝ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ µáÉáñ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõó ¨ ÏÇñ³é»Éáõó ³é³ç, ä»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ëï³Ý³Ý ߳ѳ·ñ·Çé ÅáÕáíñ¹Ç ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ` ³½³ïáñ»Ý ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïí³Í ¨ å³ï׳éÇ ³ÙµáÕç ·Çï³Ïóٳٵ: Ðá¹í³Í 21 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý å³Ñ»Éáõ ¨ ½³ñ·³óÝ»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý, ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳٳϳñ·Á, û·ïí»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó ë»÷³Ï³Ý ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝÇó, ë»÷³Ï³Ý ·áÛáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇó ¨ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÇó áõ ³½³ïáñ»Ý ½µ³Õí»Éáõ ó³Ýϳó³Í ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ùµª ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý, ³í³Ý¹³Ï³Ý ¨ ³ÛÉÝ: ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ, áñ ½ñÏí³Í »Ý »Õ»É Çñ»Ýó ·áÛáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇó, Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý ×Çßï ¨ ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ ÷áËѳïáõóÙ³Ý: Ðá¹í³Í 22 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý Ñ³ïáõÏ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ` áõÕÕí³Í ³ñ³·, ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï áõ ß³ñáõÝ³Ï³Ï³Ý Ï»ñåáí µ³ñ»É³í»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý íÇ׳ÏÁ, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É` ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ, ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý, Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý, µÝ³Ïï³ñ³ÍùÇ, µáõÅÙ³Ý, ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ³å³Ñáí³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÝ»ñÁ: ä»ïù ¿ ѳïϳå»ë áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É ï³ñ»ó Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó, ϳݳÝó, »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ ¨ ѳßٳݹ³ÙÝ»ñÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ ¨ ϳñÇùÝ»ñÇÝ: Ðá¹í³Í 23 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ, Çñ»Ýó ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÁ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí, Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý ë³ÑٳݻÉáõ ¨ ëï»ÕÍ»Éáõ ·»ñ³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¨ é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: Üñ³Ýù, ѳïϳå»ë, Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý áñáß»Éáõ ¨ ëï»ÕÍ»Éáõ ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý, µÝ³Ïï³ñ³ÍùÇ, ÇÝãå»ë ¨ Çñ»Ýó í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ ³ÛÉ ëáódzÉ-ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñ, ݳ¨ Ñݳñ³íáñÇÝë ¹ñ³Ýù ջϳí³ñ»Éáõª Çñ»Ýó ë»÷³Ï³Ý ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí: Ðá¹í³Í 24 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý ¹»Õ³·áñÍ³Ï³Ý Ó»éݳñÏÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³í³Ý¹³Ï³Ý µÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓ»ñÇ, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É` ¹»Õ³µáõÛë»ñÇ å³ßïå³ÝÙ³Ý, ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÏÛ³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ϳñ¨áñ ѳݳÍáÝ»ñÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÇ: Üñ³Ýù å»ïù ¿ ݳ¨ µÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ËݳÙùÇ ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÝ, ³é³Ýó áñ¨¿ Ëïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý û·ïí»Ý µÅßÏ³Ï³Ý µáÉáñ ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ¨ ³éáÕç³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó:

9

سë í»ó»ñáñ¹: ø³Õ³ù³óÇÝ»ñÇ å³ßå³Ýí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý, ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ h³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ¨ ³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù Ðá¹í³Í 25 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý å³Ñå³Ý»É ¨ ³Ùñ³åݹ»É Ñá·¨áñ ¨ ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ïáõÏ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ϳåáõÙ »Ý Ýñ³Ýó Çñ»Ýó ÑáÕ»ñÇ, ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ, ·»ï³ÛÇÝ ¨ Ù»ñÓ³÷ÝÛ³ çñ»ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉ µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï, áñáÝù Ýñ³Ýù ïÝûñÇÝáõ٠ϳ٠½µ³Õ»óÝáõÙ ¨ ³í³Ý¹³µ³ñ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ »Ý, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ³Û¹ ѳñóáõ٠ѻﳷ³ ë»ñáõݹݻñÇ Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ í»ñóÝ»É Çñ»Ýó íñ³: Ðá¹í³Í 26 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý ïÝûñÇÝ»É, ³ñŨáñ»É, ջϳí³ñ»É ¨ û·ï³·áñÍ»É Çñ»Ýó ÑáÕ»ñÝ áõ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ, ³ÛëÇÝùÝ ³ÙµáÕç ÙÇç³í³ÛñÁ, áñÁ Ý»ñ³éáõÙ ¿ ÑáÕ»ñÁ, û¹Á, çñ»ñÁ` ·»ï³ÛÇÝ ¨ Ù»ñÓ³÷ÝÛ³, µáõë³Ï³Ý ¨ ϻݹ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ñÑÁ ¨ ³ÛÉ µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ß³ñÝ»ñ, áñáÝù Ýñ³Ýù ïÝûñÇÝáõ٠ϳ٠½µ³Õ»óÝáõÙ ¨ ³í³Ý¹³µ³ñ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ »Ý: Üñ³Ýù Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý Çñ»Ýó ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñÇ ÉdzñÅ»ù ׳ݳãÙ³Ý, ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÝ»ñÇ ¨ ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ, Çñ»Ýó ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ñ³Ï³ñ·Ç ¨ ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ¨ Çñ»Ýó µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó å³ßïå³ÝÙ³Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ, áñáÝù áõÕÕí³Í »Ý ó³Ýϳó³Í ÙÇçÝáñ¹áõÃÛ³Ý, ûï³ñ³óÙ³Ý Ï³Ù Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏÙ³Ý Ï³Ù Çñ»Ýó ·áñÍáõÙ ó³Ýϳó³Í ËáãÁݹáïÇ ¹»Ù: Ðá¹í³Í 27 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý Çñ»Ýó ÑáÕ»ñÇ, ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ¨ µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝÙ³Ý, áñáÝù Ýñ³Ýù ïÝûñÇÝáõ٠ϳ٠½µ³Õ»óÝáõÙ ¨ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ ¿ÇÝ å³ïٳϳÝáñ»Ý, ¨ áñáÝù µéݳ·ñ³íí»É »Ý, ½³íÃí»É, û·ï³·áñÍí»É ¨ íݳëí»É` ³é³Ýó Çñ»Ýó ³½³ïáñ»Ý ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïí³Í ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ å³ï׳éÇ ³ÙµáÕç³Ï³Ý ·Çï³Ïóٳٵ: ØÇÝã¹»é ¹³ ³ÝÑݳñÇÝ ¿, ³ñ¨Ùï³Ñ³Û»ñÁ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý ×Çßï ¨ ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ ÷áËѳïáõóÙ³Ý: ´³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùµ, »ñµ ߳ѳ·ñ·Çé ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÁ ³ÛÉ Ï»ñå Ïáñáß»Ý, Ùݳó³Í ¹»åù»ñáõÙ ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙÁ ÏÉÇÝÇ ÑáÕ»ñÇ, ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ¨ µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí, áñáÝù Çñ»Ýó áñ³Ïáí, ͳí³Éáí ¨ Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó ÏÉÇÝ»Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù: Ðá¹í³Í 28 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý Çñ»Ýó ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ ³ÙµáÕç³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý, í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝÙ³Ý áõ å³ßïå³ÝÙ³Ý ¨ Çñ»Ýó ÑáÕ»ñÇ, ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ, µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ ³Û¹ Ýå³ï³ÏÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý: ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ ¨ ä»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ïç³Ý³Ý, áñ áã ÙÇ íï³Ý·³íáñ ÝÛáõà ãå³ÑíÇ Ï³Ù ãó÷íÇ ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ÑáÕ»ñÇ Ï³Ù ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ íñ³:

10

²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ ¨ ä»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Çñ»Ýó ÏáÕÙÇó Ùï³Íí³Í ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Ó»éù ϳéÝ»Ý ¨ ÏÇñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»Ý ÑëÏÇã ¨ ϳÝ˳ñ·»ÉÇã Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ÏÇñ³éáõÙ ¨ ³Û¹ ÝÛáõûñÇó ïáõÅ³Í ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇÝ Ý߳ݳÏí³Í µÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ËݳÙù: Ðá¹í³Í 29 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý, áñ ׳ݳãíÇ Çñ»Ýó Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ ¨ Ùï³íáñ áõÝ»óí³ÍùÇ Édzϳï³ñ ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ѳëï³ïíÇ ¹ñ³Ýó ÑëÏÙ³Ý áõ å³ßïå³ÝÙ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÁ: ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý Ý³Ë³ï»ëí³Í ѳïáõÏ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáí Çñ»Ýó ÃáõÛÉ ï³É í»ñ³ÑëÏ»Éáõ, ½³ñ·³óÝ»Éáõ ¨ å³Ñå³Ý»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ï»ËÝÇϳÝ, Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ óáõó³¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÁ ¨ áõñÇß ·»Ý»ïÇÏ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ, ó³Ýù³ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ, ¹»Õ³·áñÍ³Ï³Ý Ó»éݳñÏÝ»ñÁ, ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÁ ë»÷³Ï³Ý µáõë³Ï³Ý ¨ ϻݹ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ñÑÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É, Çñ»Ýó µ³Ý³íáñ ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÝ»ñÁ, ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÝϳñãáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ Ù³Ýñ³Ï»ñïÝ»ñÁ, Çñ»Ýó íǽáõ³É ³ñí»ëïÝ»ñÁ ¨ óï»ñ³ñí»ëïÁ: Ðá¹í³Í 30 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý ·»ñ³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áñáß»Éáõ ¨ é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ù߳ϻÉáõ, ³ñŨáñ»Éáõ ¨ û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó ÑáÕ»ñÁ, ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ ¨ µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ß³ñÝ»ñÁ: гïϳå»ë Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý å³Ñ³Ýç»Éáõ, áñ ä»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ëï³Ý³Ý Çñ»Ýó ³½³ïáñ»Ý ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï³Í ¨ å³ï׳éÇ ³ÙµáÕç³Ï³Ý ·Çï³Ïóٳٵ ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ݳËù³Ý µáÉáñ ³ÛÝ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù Ý»ñ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý áõÝ»Ý³É Çñ»Ýó ÑáÕ»ñÇ, ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÙÛáõë å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ íñ³, ѳïϳå»ë, »ñµ ËáëùÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ѳÝù³ÛÇÝ, çñ³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ÛÉ å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ ³ñŨáñÙ³ÝÁ, û·ï³·áñÍÙ³ÝÁ ϳ٠Ùß³ÏÙ³ÝÁ: ޳ѳ·ñ·Çé ³ñ¨Ùï³Ñ³Û»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ýñ³Ýó Ïïñí»Ý ×Çßï ¨ ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙÝ»ñ` ¿ÏáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý, ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý, ëáódzɳϳÝ, Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ ¨ Ñá·¨áñ áÉáñïÝ»ñÇ íñ³` ³Û¹ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ïáñͳݳñ³ñ ѻ勉ÝùÝ»ñÁ ûè³óÝ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí:

سë Ûáûñ»ñ¹: ø³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý ¨ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù Ðá¹í³Í 31 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ»Ýó ³ÝÏ³Ë ÉÇÝ»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝùÇ Ñ³ïáõÏ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý ÇÝùݳí³ñ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ¨ Çñ»Ýù ÇëÏ Õ»Ï³í³ñ»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ¨ Ý»ñùÇÝ Ñ³ñó»ñÁ, ѳïϳå»ë Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇÝ, ÏñáÝÇÝ, ¹³ëïdzñ³ÏáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇÝ, ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, µÝ³Ïï³ñ³ÍùÇÝ, ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇÝ, ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý å³ßïå³Ýí³ÍáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ÑáÕ»ñÇ ¨ µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³ÝÁ, ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇÝ ¨ Çñ»Ýó ï³ñ³Íù ³ÛÉ ³ÝÓ³Ýó ÙáõïùÇ ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛ³ÝÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ Ñ³ñó»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ³Û¹ ÇÝùݳí³ñ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ïñ³Ù³¹ñÙ³ÝÁ: Ðá¹í³Í 32 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý, áñå»ë ÅáÕáíáõñ¹, ÁÝïñ»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó ë»÷³Ï³Ý ù³Õ³ù³óÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ` ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý Çñ»Ýó ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇÝ ¨ ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÝ»ñÇÝ: ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ ù³Õ³ù³óÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ áã ÙÇ Ï»ñå ãÇ 11

íݳëáõÙ Çñ»Ýó Çñ³íáõÝùÇÝ ëï³Ý³Éáõ, ù³Õ³ù³óÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñï»Õ ³åñáõÙ »Ý:

áñå»ë

³Ýѳï,

³ÛÝ

å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý

²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý áñáß»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÝ áõ Áëï Çñ»Ýó ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ÁÝïñ»É ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñ: Ðá¹í³Í 33 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý Ýå³ëï»Éáõ, ½³ñ·³óÝ»Éáõ ¨ å³Ñå³Ý»Éáõ Çñ»Ýó ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³ñ·»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ë»÷³Ï³Ý ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ, ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÝ»ñÁ, ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ áõ Çñ³í³µ³Ý³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓ³éáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, Áëï ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ÝáñÙ»ñÇ` ÁݹáõÝí³Í Ù³ñ¹áõ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ áÉáñïáõÙ: Ðá¹í³Í 34 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý, áñå»ë ÅáÕáíáõñ¹, áñáß»Éáõ ³ÝѳïÝ»ñÇ å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Çñ»Ýó ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Ýϳïٳٵ: Ðá¹í³Í 35 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ, ѳïϳå»ë Ýñ³Ýù, áíù»ñ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ »Ý ë÷éí³Í, Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý ½³ñ·³óÝ»Éáõ ¨ Ýå³ëï»Éáõ ³Û¹ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³Ûáí ß÷áõÙÝ»ñÇÝ, ѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ ¨ ϳå»ñÇÝ ÙÛáõë ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ Ñ»ï, ѳïϳå»ë Ñá·¨áñ, Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ, ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý, ëáódzÉïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý áÉáñïÝ»ñáõÙ: ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ ¨ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ³Û¹ Çñ³íáõÝùÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÝ áõ Çñ³·áñÍáõÙÁ »ñ³ß˳íáñáÕ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Ó»éù ϳéÝ»Ý: Ðá¹í³Í 36 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý å³Ñ³Ýç»Éáõ, áñ å³Ûٳݳ·ñ»ñÁ` ÇÝãå»ë 1920Ã. û·áëïáëÇ 10-ÇÝ ÏÝùí³Í ê¨ñÇ å³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ, ѳٳӳÛݳ·ñ»ñÁ, áñáÝù í»ñ³µ»ñíáõÙ »Ý ÎÇÉÇÏdzÛÇ 1916Ã. ³½³ï³·ñÙ³ÝÁ, ¨ áõñÇß Ï³éáõóáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñͳñùÝ»ñÁ` ÏÝùí³Í å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ù Çñ»Ýó Ñ»ïÝáñ¹Ý»ñÇ Ñ»ï, ÉÇÝ»Ý ×³Ý³ãí³Í, ѳñ·í³Í, å³Ñå³Ýí³Í ¨ ÏÇñ³éí³Í å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó` Áëï Çñ»Ýó Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÇ: î³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, áñ ã»Ý ϳñáÕ Ï³ñ·³íáñí»É áõñÇß ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáí, å»ïù ¿ »ÝóñÏí»Ý ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ÕÇݳϳíáñ ³ïÛ³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ` ÁÝïñí³Í ߳ѳ·ñ·Çé µáÉáñ ÏáÕÙ»ñÇ ÙdzѳÙáõé ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ:

سë áõûñáñ¹: ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ³ñï³ùÇÝ Ï³å»ñÇ Çñ³íáõÝù Ðá¹í³Í 37 ä»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ËáñÑñ¹³Ïó»Éáí ߳ѳ·ñ·Çé ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ Ñ»ï, å»ïù ¿ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Ó»éù ³éÝ»Ý, áñ ïíÛ³É Ðéã³Ï³·ñÇ ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇÝ Édzϳï³ñ ÁÝóóù ïñíÇ: ²Ûëï»Õ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïí³Í Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ÁݹáõÝí»Ý ¨ Áݹ·ñÏí»Ý Çñ»Ýó Ý»ñùÇÝ ûñ»Ýë¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ³ÛÝå»ë, áñ ¹ñ³ÝóÇó ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ ϳñáÕ³Ý³Ý û·ïí»É: 12

Ðá¹í³Í 38 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý ëï³Ý³Éáõ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ¨ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó` ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí, áñå»ë½Ç ϳñáÕ³Ý³Ý ³½³ï ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»Ý Çñ»Ýó ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý, ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý, ëáódzɳϳÝ, Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ, Ñá·¨áñ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ ¨ û·ïí»Ý ïíÛ³É Ðéã³Ï³·ñáõ٠׳ݳãí³Í Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇó ¨ ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó: Ðá¹í³Í 39 ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÝ Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ ÷á˳¹³ñÓ³µ³ñ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉÇ ¨ ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñ, ϳñ·³íáñ»Éáõ ÁݹѳñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ¨ ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ¨ ßáõï³÷áõÛà áñáßáõÙ ëï³Ý³Éáõ ïíÛ³É Ñ³ñóáõÙ: Üñ³Ýù ѳí³ë³ñ³å»ë Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»Ý µáÕáù³ñÏÙ³Ý` ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï áõÕÇÝ»ñáí, Çñ»Ýó ³Ýѳï³Ï³Ý ¨ ÏáÉ»ÏïÇí Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ó³Ýϳó³Í áïݳѳñÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ: Úáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ áñáßáõ٠ѳßíÇ Ï³éÝÇ ß³Ñ³·ñ·Çé ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ, ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÝ»ñÁ, ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ϳéáõÛóÝ»ñÁ: Ðá¹í³Í 40 Ødzíáñí³Í ³½·»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÝ áõ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³óí³Í ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ÙÛáõë ÙÇçå»ï³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ûųݹ³Ï»Ý ïíÛ³É Ðéã³Ï³·ñÇ ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ Édzϳï³ñ Çñ³·áñÍÙ³ÝÁ` ³ÏïÇí³óÝ»Éáí ÙÛáõëÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ: Ðݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ÁÝÓ»é»Ý, áñ ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÁ Ù³ëݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý³Ý Çñ»Ýó í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ Ñ³ñó»ñÇ ùÝݳñÏÙ³ÝÁ: Ðá¹í³Í 41 زÎ-Á ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Ó»éù ϳéÝÇ Ñ³ëï³ï»Éáõ ïíÛ³É Ðéã³Ï³·ñÇ ÏÇñ³éáõÙÁ, ѳïϳå»ë ³Û¹ áÉáñïáõÙ ëï»ÕÍ»Éáí Ù³ëݳÏÇ ÷áËѳïáõóÙ³Ý ³í»ÉÇ µ³ñÓñ ٳϳñ¹³ÏÇ ÙÇ Ù³ñÙÇÝ` ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ áõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ù³ëݳÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ: Ødzíáñí³Í ³½·»ñÇ µáÉáñ Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÁ ÏÝå³ëï»Ý, áñ ïíÛ³É Ðéã³Ï³·ñÇ ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ ѳñ·í»Ý ¨ ÉdzñÅ»ù ÏÇñ³éí»Ý:

سë ÇÝÝ»ñáñ¹: ²ÝÓÇ ³ñųݳå³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù Ðá¹í³Í 42 îíÛ³É Ðéã³Ï³·ñáõÙ ÁݹáõÝí³Í Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ »Ý ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ ³åñ»É³Ï»ñåÇ, ³ñųݳå³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ µ³ñ»Ï»óáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ ÝáñٳݻñÁ: Ðá¹í³Í 43 îíÛ³É Ðéã³Ï³·ñáõÙ ÁݹáõÝí³Í µáÉáñ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÝ áõ ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ѳí³ë³ñ³½áñ »ñ³ß˳íáñ³·Çñ »Ý ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ` ϳݳÝó ¨ ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó: Ðá¹í³Í 44 13

îíÛ³É Ðéã³Ï³·ñÇ áã ÙÇ ¹ñáõÛà ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ Ù»Ïݳµ³ÝÙ³Ý ³é³ñϳ ѳݹÇë³Ý³É, áñ¨¿ Çñ³íáõÝù ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ Ïñ׳ïí»É ¨ Ù³ñí»É, áñáíÑ»ï¨ ³ñ¹»Ý ϳñáÕ »Ý ÁݹáõÝí³Í ÉÇÝ»É ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Û»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó: Ðá¹í³Í 45 îíÛ³É Ðéã³Ï³·ñÇ áã ÙÇ ¹ñáõÛà ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ Ù»Ïݳµ³ÝÙ³Ý ³é³ñϳ ѳݹÇë³Ý³É ϳ٠í»ñ³·ñí»É ÙÇ å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý, ËÙµÇ Ï³Ù ³ÝѳïÇ` Çñ³íáõÝù ï³Éáí ½µ³Õí»Éáõ áñ¨¿ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ùµ ϳ٠÷³ëï³ÃÕÃáí, áñÁ ¹»Ù ÏÉÇÝÇ Ø²Î-Ç Ï³Ýáݳ¹ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ: ö³ñǽ, 20.01.2007Ã.

².². – Ð. ö.

ANAAO©2007 Reproduction Interdite par l’article L.111-1 du code de la propriété intellectuelle (CPI)

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