Class Lecture # 3

KARACHI CIRCULAR RAILWAY MSc Transportation Engineering Railway Engineering

28th November, 2007

Karachi

Rio de Janeiro

London

30 25

Shanghai

40 35

Manila

New Delhi

Moscow

Kolkata

Buenos Aires

Jakarta

Cairo

Mumbai

Los Angeles

Osaka

São Paulo

Mexico City

Seoul

New York

Tokyo

Population (Million)

Status in Mega Cities Most Populous Cities (More than Karachi) City With Mass Transit City Without Mass Transit

20 15 10

5 0

Source: UN Data 2001

Lahore

Essen

Kinshasa

Philadelphia

Chennai

10

Johannesburg

12

Chongqing

Hong Kong

Bangkok

SanFrancisco

Lagos

Khartoum

T'aipei

Lima

Washington

Bogotá

Beijing

Chicago

Paris

Dhaka

Tehran

Istanbul

Karachi

Population (Million)

Status in Mega Cities Most Populous Cities (Less Than Karachi) City With Mass Transit

8 City Without Mass Transit

6

4

2

-

Source: UN Data 2001

Mass Transit Systems in Asia

?

„

Operational in 48 Cities Planned in 14 Cities

„

Karachi Does Not Figure in the Asian Transit Map!

„

Mass Transit Systems in Asia Ankara, TURKEY „ Population: 3.4 M „ Length: ~15 km

Mass Transit Systems in Asia Bangkok, THAILAND „ Population: 7.1 M „ Length: ~23 km

Mass Transit Systems in Asia Beijing, CHINA „ Population: 8.6 M „ Length: ~54 km

Mass Transit Systems in Asia Kolkata, INDIA „ Population: 13.4 M „ Length: ~17 km

Mass Transit Systems in Asia Chennai, INDIA „ Population: 6.6 M „ Length: ~9 km

Mass Transit Systems in Asia New Delhi, INDIA „ Population: 13.2 M „ Length: ~8 km

Mass Transit Systems in Asia Hong Kong, CHINA „ Population: 6.8 M „ Length: ~78 km

Mass Transit Systems in Asia Istanbul, TURKEY „ Population: 10.7 M „ Length: ~26 km

Mass Transit Systems in Asia Izmir, TURKEY „ Population: 2.5 M „ Length: ~12 km

Mass Transit Systems in Asia Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA „ Population: 2.3 M „ Length: ~72 km

Mass Transit Systems in Asia Manila, PHILIPPINES „ Population: 12.8 M „ Length: 58 km

Mass Transit Systems in Asia Mumbai, INDIA „ Population: 16.7 M „ Length: ~50 km

Mass Transit Systems in Asia Pyongyang, NORTH KOREA „ Population: 3.6 M „ Length: ~22 km

Mass Transit Systems in Asia Seoul, SOUTH KOREA „ Population: 20.4 M „ Length: ~160 km

Mass Transit Systems in Asia Shenghai, CHINA „ Population: 12.0 M „ Length: ~70 km

Mass Transit Systems in Asia SINGAPORE „ Population: 3.3 M „ Length: ~156 km

Mass Transit Systems in Asia

Tehran, IRAN „ Population: 10.7 M „ Length: ~59 km

Mass Transit Systems in Asia Tokyo, JAPAN „ Population: 34.7 M „ Length: ~328 km

KARACHI AND IT’S TRANSPORT INFRASTUCTURE

Karachi – Our Largest City „

Since 1947; „ „ „

„ „

Area Increased from 100 sq km to 750 sq km Population increased from 1.0 mil to 10.95 mil Density increased from 10,000 to 14,600 persons per/sq km

Slow Pace of Development Inadequate Civic Infrastructure Leading to Multi-Dimensional Problems

Top 40 Asian Cities (Asiaweek)

Karachi – Our Largest City

Karachi - Travel Demand „

Key Statistics from Studies (Year 2002) „

Trip Generation „

Private Transport

12 Million/Day 4.8 Million/Day

(Car, motorcycle, taxis, etc.) „

„

Public Transport (Buses)

Peak Public Transport (Buses)

7.2 Million/Day

0.7 Million/Hour

Source : KMTC

Present Situation

Past Transit Studies „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „

1952: 1974: 1985: 1990: 1990: 1994: 1994: 1996: 1997:

MRVP Masterplan Karachi Rapid Transit Study Karachi Transportation Masterplan Karachi Mass Transit Study KCR Improvement Study (JARTS) KMTS Priority Corridor 1 KMTS Priority Corridor 2 BOT Contract on Corridor 1 KMTA/NMTA Implementation Plans

Possible Scenarios

Do-Nothing Scenario „

„

Population: 10.95 Million (2001) 18.50 Million (2015) Vehicles:

1.1 Million (2001) 1.98 Million (2015)

Do-Nothing Scenario „

„

Presently, Traffic is +25% over KMTS forecasts for 2001. At M A Jinnah Road „ „

„

1,100 buses (18 buses/minute) Double in 10 years; Triple in 15 years!

Travel time from 30 minutes to 90 minutes per trip over next 10-15 years.

Do-Nothing Scenario „ „

Operational Buses ~ 8,747 Required Buses „ „

„

In 2002 In 2010

~12,172 ~17,000

Average Person/Bus Seat „ „ „

Karachi Mumbai Hong Kong

40 12 08

Do-Nothing Scenario „ „ „ „ „

Increased Congestion Increased Noise/Air Pollution Increased Cost of Healthcare Increased Social Disorder Many Other Factors Leading to . . .

Do-Something Scenario „

Increase Capacity of Existing Roads „ „ „

„

Improvement in Existing Mass Transit Modes „ „

„

Widening of Roads Parking Controls on Curb-Parking Develop Parking Lots Expand Bus/Minibus Fleet High Capacity Buses

Revitalize KCR and Integrate with Overall Urban Transport System.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Goals & Objectives „

A Viable Improvement in Transport System „ „

„ „ „ „

„ „

Revitalize KCR. Integrate it with Bus System.

Aim to Reduced Pollution and Congestion. Provide Comfortable and Affordable Service to Commuter. Optimize Cost-Effective and Safe Operation. Maximize Indigenous Resource Utilization (Locomotives, Rolling Stocks etc.) Expandable Urban Rail System. Attractive for Public-Private Partnership.

User Requirements „ „ „ „

Integrated Transport System Affordable and Easy Access Minimum Commuting Time Improved Quality of Service „ „ „

Convenient Efficient Safe

Why Urban Rail System? One Train of 900 Passengers Replaces: 600 450 70 15 9

Objective: Increase Road Capacity by Ensuring a Shift in Preferred Mode of Commuting

Why Urban Rail System? „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „

More Efficient Than Roads Reduced Cost of Road Construction/Parking Facilities Reduced Accidents Reduced Congestion Reduced Pollution (Air and Noise) Investment $1, Return $4 (indirect benefits) Increased Value of Property Utilization of Existing Corridors and Resources Many More Indirect Benefits (Intangible)

Urban Transit Statistics Peak Passenger Flow Lagos Jakarta Buenos Aires Mumbai (Central) Mumbai (West) Hong Kong Tunis Manila Kolkata Porto Algeres Pusan Singapore Santiago Rio de Jenero Cairo Sao Paulo Mexico City Hong Kong

Sub-Urban Rail Karachi: ~23,400/Hour (2001) M A Jinnah Road (Peak Direction)

Light Rail Transit

Metro 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Peak Passenger Flow ('000/Hour/Direction)

70

80

90

AN OVERVIEW OF THE KARACHI CIRCULAR RAILWAY SYSTEM

Peak Performance 104 Trains/day, BUT only 18,000 tickets sold/day

KCR – The Rise-and-Fall „ „ „ „

„ „ „ „

1952 1964 1964-74 1975-85

1986 1996 2000 2002

KCR conceived KCR completed (30 km semi-circle) Excellent Performance Gradual Deterioration * Too many level crossings; * Increased travel times; * Reduced ridership; * Financial Discipline Beginning of the End Symbolic service only End of service Assets in shambles

KCR Statistics Unit

KCR

PR – Mainline

km

30

28

Broad Gauge Track Stations Level Crossing

Nos.

14

10

Nos.

26

7

Trains

Nos.

0

2

KCR – Causes of Failure „

With Accelerated City Expansion (1972 onwards) „ „ „ „ „ „

More Roads, More Level Crossings Increased Travel Time Reduced Ridership Increased Operational Cost With Falling Revenues Reduced Train Frequency Deteriorated Quality of Service

KCR – Causes of Failure „ „ „ „

„ „

KCR is ONE of SEVERAL PR Projects. Shortfall of Funding for Maintaining KCR. No-Match with Growing Demands. Lack of Coordination between Owner/ Operator, and Planning Agencies. Obsolete Revenue Controls No Commercialization – Though Great Potential Exists Even Today!