Class Lecture # 2
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RAILWAY STATION MSc Transportation Engineering Railway Engineering
28th November, 2007
RAILWAY STATION
Defination:
It is a place on a railway line, where trains are 1. Stopped for the passengers and freights to be entered or dropped and 2. An authority to proceed is given to the train.
TYPE OF STATIONS
There are three types of Railway Stations.
1. Way side Stations 2. Junction Stations 3. Terminal Stations
1.WAY SIDE STATIONS The station on which trains moves only in two direction i.e., upside & downside direction. These are further classified in to following three types.
a) Halt Stations b) Flag Stations c) Crossing Stations
1.WAY SIDE STATIONS Halt Stations: Simplest type of stopping place, usually with one Plate form. No permanent staff is kept. Flag Stations: In Flag stations only passengers & freight traffic is dealt, no arrangements to control the movement of trains and crossing facilities. It has building & staff facilities. Crossing Stations: They have facilities of crossing. There should be at least on loop line to allow another train if one train is standing on the track.
2. JUNCTION STATIONS Station where a branch line meets the main line are know as Junction Station. Necessary Arrangements at Junction •
Facilities for the interchange of traffic between main line and branch lines.
•
Facilities for repair and cleaning of the compartments terminated at junction stations.
•
Facilities for goods siding, engine sheds, turn table etc
3. TERMINAL STATIONS Stations at which a railway line or one of its branches terminates are called terminal stations. Necessary Arrangements at Terminal Station •
Facilities for servicing of engines.
•
Turn table for the change of direction of the engine.
•
Facilities for dealing goods traffic such as Marshalling yards, engine sheds, siding etc
TYPICAL RAILWAY STATION LAYOUT We can classify the typical layout of Railway Station into following two classes.
•
Building Layout (For users)
•
Layout of essential components of a railway station (For Engineers)
SIMPLEST LAYOUT OF A RAILWAY STATION
DETAILED LAYOUT OF A RAILWAY STATION
Building Layout (For users) It comprises of the following: 1. Access Road 2. Car Parking 3. Entrance 4. Ticket/Booking Counters 5. Information Centers 6. Waiting Areas 7. Cafeterias 8. Bookshops 9. Public Call Offices 10.Internet Café 11.Washrooms 12.Prayer Areas
COMPREHENSIVE LAYOUT OF A RAILWAY STATION
TYPICAL RAILWAY STATION LAYOUT
1.
Access Road:
To provide access from railway station to the road network and vice versa. Both the travelers and goods are connected to the railway station through this link.
2.
Car Parking:
Passengers coming on their own conveyance can park their vehicle here. This parking is also used by taxis/ cabs/ radio cabs.
3.
Entrance:
A very reasonable entrance is provided generally separate for arrivals and departures just adjacent to Parking areas. Entrance is so designed that generally the travelers and freight traffic are separated completely.
TYPICAL RAILWAY STATION LAYOUT
4.
Ticket/Booking Counters:
Ticket booths and booking centers are so designed and constructed that a traveler entering the railway station can easily access to them. 5.
Information Centers:
Generally information halls are adjacent to or close to booking centers so that people can get information regarding incoming and outgoing trains.
TYPICAL RAILWAY STATION LAYOUT 6.
Waiting Areas
Waiting areas are provided for the passengers who wait for an incoming train to board and for passengers who detrain from a train and now waiting for a cab or any other way of transportation. 7.
Cafeterias
For the convenience of passengers they are provided within railway station. They are also source of income for a railway station. 8.
Bookshops
Bookshops having newspapers, magazines and famous books are located within a station building for the convenience of travelers. 9.
Public Call Offices
Public call offices in the form of booths or cabin are provided for people to remain connected with their friends, families and business. Generally fax machines are also available there.
TYPICAL RAILWAY STATION LAYOUT 10. Internet Café These are the modern facilities being provided on railway stations. 11. Washrooms Washrooms and powder rooms are provided for the travelers. 12. Prayer Areas In Muslim countries, generally larger Railway Stations have Prayer rooms.
TYPICAL RAILWAY STATION LAYOUT
Layout of essential components of a railway station (For Engineers)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
PLATE FORM YARD ENGINE SHEDS TURN TABLE OTHER STATION EQUIPMENTS
LAYOUT ( FOR ENGINEERS)
LAYOUT ( FOR ENGINEERS)
1. PLATE FORM Plate forms are divided into two groups. 1.
Passengers Plate Form
2.
Goods Plate Form
PASSENGERS PLATE FORM
Generally about 300m length of a BG railway plate form is desirable.
The edge of the plate form from the center of the nearest track is kept 1.7m away for B.G, 1.39m for M.G and 1.2 for N.G.
It is a place from where the passengers entrain or detrain.
It is a loading place.
The minimum length of the plate form for all gauges should not be less than 180m.
ESSENTIALS FOR PASSENGERS PLATE FORM
The minimum length of a passenger plate form should not be less than 180m.
The minimum width of plate form should not be less than 3.67m and it should be paved fully.
The plate form should be covered at least for a length of 60m.
The ends of the high level plate form should be in the form of ramp with a maximum slope of 1:6.
The slope of plate form in its width should be of the order of 1 in 30.
For efficient and safe running of trains at night, adequate lighting arrangement should be there.
Height of Plate form On B.G generally three types of plate forms are provided.
a) b) c)
The rail leveled plate form. Low leveled plate form. High leveled plate form.
The rail leveled plate form. Its height is equal to the height of rail.
Low leveled plate form The height of such plate form is kept 45cm above rail level.
High leveled plate form Its height is kept 76cm to 85cm above the rail level.
GOODS PLATE FORM: To facilitate the goods handling, generally the height of goods plate form is kept up to the floor level of the wagon. On B.G it is kept 1.0 m above the rail level, while on M.G and N.G railways this height is kept as 70 cm and 60cm respectively. ESSENTIALS OF GOODS PLATE FORM:
Weighing arrangements should be provided.
Goods shed should be provided.
Proper drainage facilities are must.
Facilities for direct access from goods plate form to train and access road/rail.
YARDS A yard is defined as a system of tracks laid within definite limits for various purposes such as sorting of vehicles, making up trains etc. It is also used to control The movement by prescribed rules, regulations & signals. Types of Yard 1. 2. 3. 4.
Passengers Yard Goods Yard Marshalling Yard Locomotive Yard
1.Passengers Yard The main function of passenger yard is to provide all the facilities for the safe movement of passenger. Essential facilities
Booking office, luggage, booking room & clock room.
Parking space.
Enquiry office.
Signals for reception & departure of train.
Shunting Facilities.
Platforms & sidings.
Facilities for charging batteries.
Washing sick lines.
2. Goods Yard The function is to provide all facilities for the safe movement of goods. Main requirements
Approach roads for movement of goods.
Loop lines with number of parallel dead end sidings.
Sufficient storage space.
Cart weighing machine.
Booking office.
Weigh bridge for weighing wagons.
Cranes for handling heavy goods
3. Marshalling Yards Marshalling Yard is the place where goods wagons received from different centers are sorted out and placed in order to be detached at different stations. Marshalling yards are distributing centers. Marshalling yard is the center where goods wagons are sorted out and isolated wagons are combined to form a train load.
3. Marshalling Yards •
Shunting operations should not disturb the schedule of regular trains.
•
Maximum number of wagons are dispatched in a given period of time.
•
Should be kept parallel to the running lines.
•
Movement of wagons in one direction only is desirable
3. Marshalling Yards Types of Marshalling yards a) b) c)
Flat yards Gravity yards Hump yards
Flat yards: They are provided where limited space is available. All sorting movements of wagons are carried out with the help of locomotives.
3. Marshalling Yards Gravity yards: Designed on the basis of topography of the area. Tracks are laid at suitable gradient and the wagons move under gravity force. Hump yards: A summit or hump is provided and the wagons are pushed on the top of the summit by the shunting engine, from there they roll down the opposite slope under gravity.
4. Locomotive Yard For locomotive yards following facilities must be provided. •
Sufficient number of tracks.
•
Engine Sheds
•
Repair pit, coaling site.
•
Turn table.
•
Loco yards near passenger & goods yards.
•
Hydraulic jack.
4. Locomotive Yard These facilities are used for the following purposes. •
For repairing, cleaning and examination of locomotives.
•
Watering, fueling and changing the direction.
•
Weighing loading and unloading of goods.
•
Driving the trains from one track to another.
Engine Sheds For cleaning, repairing and examining etc. They are rectangular or circular in plan, water columns, hydrants, examination pits etc should be adequately provided.
TURN TABLE •
This is a device used for changing the direction of locomotives.
•
They are costly so installed on important stations only.
•
It consists of a platform which is supported on a central pivot.
•
Platform is supported by two girders.
•
Diameter of turn table varies. Generally 20 m is adopted but in some cases it may be as long as 28 to 30 m.
STATION EQUIPMENT The use of these facilities are as following Cranes These are used to load or unload the materials in the wagons. Weigh Bridges They are used to weigh the loaded wagons. Scotch block They are used for preventing the movements of vehicles beyond the dead end of the sidings. They consists of a wooden or steel block placed on the rails at suitable position and locked. It forms an obstruction in the way of the vehicles and check their movements. Buffer Stops These are provided at the dead ends of sidings to prevent the movements of vehicles beyond the dead ends of sidings or terminals. Simplest form consists of a timber beam.
28th November, 2007
RAILWAY STATION
Defination:
It is a place on a railway line, where trains are 1. Stopped for the passengers and freights to be entered or dropped and 2. An authority to proceed is given to the train.
TYPE OF STATIONS
There are three types of Railway Stations.
1. Way side Stations 2. Junction Stations 3. Terminal Stations
1.WAY SIDE STATIONS The station on which trains moves only in two direction i.e., upside & downside direction. These are further classified in to following three types.
a) Halt Stations b) Flag Stations c) Crossing Stations
1.WAY SIDE STATIONS Halt Stations: Simplest type of stopping place, usually with one Plate form. No permanent staff is kept. Flag Stations: In Flag stations only passengers & freight traffic is dealt, no arrangements to control the movement of trains and crossing facilities. It has building & staff facilities. Crossing Stations: They have facilities of crossing. There should be at least on loop line to allow another train if one train is standing on the track.
2. JUNCTION STATIONS Station where a branch line meets the main line are know as Junction Station. Necessary Arrangements at Junction •
Facilities for the interchange of traffic between main line and branch lines.
•
Facilities for repair and cleaning of the compartments terminated at junction stations.
•
Facilities for goods siding, engine sheds, turn table etc
3. TERMINAL STATIONS Stations at which a railway line or one of its branches terminates are called terminal stations. Necessary Arrangements at Terminal Station •
Facilities for servicing of engines.
•
Turn table for the change of direction of the engine.
•
Facilities for dealing goods traffic such as Marshalling yards, engine sheds, siding etc
TYPICAL RAILWAY STATION LAYOUT We can classify the typical layout of Railway Station into following two classes.
•
Building Layout (For users)
•
Layout of essential components of a railway station (For Engineers)
SIMPLEST LAYOUT OF A RAILWAY STATION
DETAILED LAYOUT OF A RAILWAY STATION
Building Layout (For users) It comprises of the following: 1. Access Road 2. Car Parking 3. Entrance 4. Ticket/Booking Counters 5. Information Centers 6. Waiting Areas 7. Cafeterias 8. Bookshops 9. Public Call Offices 10.Internet Café 11.Washrooms 12.Prayer Areas
COMPREHENSIVE LAYOUT OF A RAILWAY STATION
TYPICAL RAILWAY STATION LAYOUT
1.
Access Road:
To provide access from railway station to the road network and vice versa. Both the travelers and goods are connected to the railway station through this link.
2.
Car Parking:
Passengers coming on their own conveyance can park their vehicle here. This parking is also used by taxis/ cabs/ radio cabs.
3.
Entrance:
A very reasonable entrance is provided generally separate for arrivals and departures just adjacent to Parking areas. Entrance is so designed that generally the travelers and freight traffic are separated completely.
TYPICAL RAILWAY STATION LAYOUT
4.
Ticket/Booking Counters:
Ticket booths and booking centers are so designed and constructed that a traveler entering the railway station can easily access to them. 5.
Information Centers:
Generally information halls are adjacent to or close to booking centers so that people can get information regarding incoming and outgoing trains.
TYPICAL RAILWAY STATION LAYOUT 6.
Waiting Areas
Waiting areas are provided for the passengers who wait for an incoming train to board and for passengers who detrain from a train and now waiting for a cab or any other way of transportation. 7.
Cafeterias
For the convenience of passengers they are provided within railway station. They are also source of income for a railway station. 8.
Bookshops
Bookshops having newspapers, magazines and famous books are located within a station building for the convenience of travelers. 9.
Public Call Offices
Public call offices in the form of booths or cabin are provided for people to remain connected with their friends, families and business. Generally fax machines are also available there.
TYPICAL RAILWAY STATION LAYOUT 10. Internet Café These are the modern facilities being provided on railway stations. 11. Washrooms Washrooms and powder rooms are provided for the travelers. 12. Prayer Areas In Muslim countries, generally larger Railway Stations have Prayer rooms.
TYPICAL RAILWAY STATION LAYOUT
Layout of essential components of a railway station (For Engineers)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
PLATE FORM YARD ENGINE SHEDS TURN TABLE OTHER STATION EQUIPMENTS
LAYOUT ( FOR ENGINEERS)
LAYOUT ( FOR ENGINEERS)
1. PLATE FORM Plate forms are divided into two groups. 1.
Passengers Plate Form
2.
Goods Plate Form
PASSENGERS PLATE FORM
Generally about 300m length of a BG railway plate form is desirable.
The edge of the plate form from the center of the nearest track is kept 1.7m away for B.G, 1.39m for M.G and 1.2 for N.G.
It is a place from where the passengers entrain or detrain.
It is a loading place.
The minimum length of the plate form for all gauges should not be less than 180m.
ESSENTIALS FOR PASSENGERS PLATE FORM
The minimum length of a passenger plate form should not be less than 180m.
The minimum width of plate form should not be less than 3.67m and it should be paved fully.
The plate form should be covered at least for a length of 60m.
The ends of the high level plate form should be in the form of ramp with a maximum slope of 1:6.
The slope of plate form in its width should be of the order of 1 in 30.
For efficient and safe running of trains at night, adequate lighting arrangement should be there.
Height of Plate form On B.G generally three types of plate forms are provided.
a) b) c)
The rail leveled plate form. Low leveled plate form. High leveled plate form.
The rail leveled plate form. Its height is equal to the height of rail.
Low leveled plate form The height of such plate form is kept 45cm above rail level.
High leveled plate form Its height is kept 76cm to 85cm above the rail level.
GOODS PLATE FORM: To facilitate the goods handling, generally the height of goods plate form is kept up to the floor level of the wagon. On B.G it is kept 1.0 m above the rail level, while on M.G and N.G railways this height is kept as 70 cm and 60cm respectively. ESSENTIALS OF GOODS PLATE FORM:
Weighing arrangements should be provided.
Goods shed should be provided.
Proper drainage facilities are must.
Facilities for direct access from goods plate form to train and access road/rail.
YARDS A yard is defined as a system of tracks laid within definite limits for various purposes such as sorting of vehicles, making up trains etc. It is also used to control The movement by prescribed rules, regulations & signals. Types of Yard 1. 2. 3. 4.
Passengers Yard Goods Yard Marshalling Yard Locomotive Yard
1.Passengers Yard The main function of passenger yard is to provide all the facilities for the safe movement of passenger. Essential facilities
Booking office, luggage, booking room & clock room.
Parking space.
Enquiry office.
Signals for reception & departure of train.
Shunting Facilities.
Platforms & sidings.
Facilities for charging batteries.
Washing sick lines.
2. Goods Yard The function is to provide all facilities for the safe movement of goods. Main requirements
Approach roads for movement of goods.
Loop lines with number of parallel dead end sidings.
Sufficient storage space.
Cart weighing machine.
Booking office.
Weigh bridge for weighing wagons.
Cranes for handling heavy goods
3. Marshalling Yards Marshalling Yard is the place where goods wagons received from different centers are sorted out and placed in order to be detached at different stations. Marshalling yards are distributing centers. Marshalling yard is the center where goods wagons are sorted out and isolated wagons are combined to form a train load.
3. Marshalling Yards •
Shunting operations should not disturb the schedule of regular trains.
•
Maximum number of wagons are dispatched in a given period of time.
•
Should be kept parallel to the running lines.
•
Movement of wagons in one direction only is desirable
3. Marshalling Yards Types of Marshalling yards a) b) c)
Flat yards Gravity yards Hump yards
Flat yards: They are provided where limited space is available. All sorting movements of wagons are carried out with the help of locomotives.
3. Marshalling Yards Gravity yards: Designed on the basis of topography of the area. Tracks are laid at suitable gradient and the wagons move under gravity force. Hump yards: A summit or hump is provided and the wagons are pushed on the top of the summit by the shunting engine, from there they roll down the opposite slope under gravity.
4. Locomotive Yard For locomotive yards following facilities must be provided. •
Sufficient number of tracks.
•
Engine Sheds
•
Repair pit, coaling site.
•
Turn table.
•
Loco yards near passenger & goods yards.
•
Hydraulic jack.
4. Locomotive Yard These facilities are used for the following purposes. •
For repairing, cleaning and examination of locomotives.
•
Watering, fueling and changing the direction.
•
Weighing loading and unloading of goods.
•
Driving the trains from one track to another.
Engine Sheds For cleaning, repairing and examining etc. They are rectangular or circular in plan, water columns, hydrants, examination pits etc should be adequately provided.
TURN TABLE •
This is a device used for changing the direction of locomotives.
•
They are costly so installed on important stations only.
•
It consists of a platform which is supported on a central pivot.
•
Platform is supported by two girders.
•
Diameter of turn table varies. Generally 20 m is adopted but in some cases it may be as long as 28 to 30 m.
STATION EQUIPMENT The use of these facilities are as following Cranes These are used to load or unload the materials in the wagons. Weigh Bridges They are used to weigh the loaded wagons. Scotch block They are used for preventing the movements of vehicles beyond the dead end of the sidings. They consists of a wooden or steel block placed on the rails at suitable position and locked. It forms an obstruction in the way of the vehicles and check their movements. Buffer Stops These are provided at the dead ends of sidings to prevent the movements of vehicles beyond the dead ends of sidings or terminals. Simplest form consists of a timber beam.
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