Class 1(intro..)

Business Computing

Santosh

Pani, Department of CSE & IT, School of Technology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar

Why to know about computers? (Especially For Management students ) Today computers are not restricted to any particular field or organization .So it’s not the sole property of the engineers. No modern organization can be imagined without computers , so in order to manage organization every manager must know computer . Today one of the growing industry is software industry and in order to manage computer professionals every manager must know computers.

CONT… The goal of this module is to expose students about the developments in the computer technology and in understanding the working of a computer system. This module will also help students to understand how to use IT in different business situations .

What is a Computer?? An electronic device?? A computing device?? An electronic computing device??

What is a Computer?? The specialty of a computer is that it’s a programmable device . It’s a digital electronic computing device capable of processing data based on a set of Instructions called program , with high degree of accuracy and speed

Why digital? There are two types of data. 1.Analog : Continuous 2.Digital :Discontinuous or discrete Digital data is more accurate than analog data. Why??

Digital data comes in many forms.. Decimal :containing ten distinct digits 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 Octal :containing eight distinct digits 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Binary :containing two distinct digits 0,1 Computer uses digital binary data. Why??

Classification of Computer: Computers can be classified in different ways We will study the classification of computers by size and use.  The size of a computer is not measured in cubic cm or in cubic feet but in terms of its processing capacity , amount of internal and external memory etc.  The size of computers varies widely from tiny to huge and is usually dictated by computing requirements. For example, it is clear that the Indian Railways will have different requirements than those of a college student.

Measurement of size The processing capacity of a computer is measured in how many instructions can be executed by the machine per unit time. The memory is measured in bytes ,kilobytes, gigabytes ,terabytes…etc Bit is short form of binary digit collection of 8 bit is termed as a byte

1 byte = 8 bits 1Kilobyte=1024 bytes(210bytes) 1gigabyte=1024kilobytes 1Terabyte=1024gigabyte

Supercomputers 

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The largest computers are supercomputers. They are the most powerful, the most expensive, and the fastest. They are capable of processing trillions of instructions per second. Examples of users of these computers are governmental agencies, such as the National Weather Service, and the National Defense Agency. Also, they are used in the making of movies, space exploration, and the design of many other machines. A super computer tends to focus on performing a single program of intense numerical calculations

Applications of Super Computer 

Used for highly calculation-intensive tasks such as   

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Weather forecasting Climate research (including research into global warming), Molecular modeling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals), Physical simulations (such as simulation of airplanes in wind tunnels, simulation of the detonation of nuclear weapons, and research into nuclear fusion), Major universities, military agencies and scientific research laboratories are heavy users.

Mainframes 

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Mainframe computers can support hundreds or thousands of users, handling massive amounts of input, output, and storage. Mainframe computers are used in large organizations where many users need access to shared data and programs. Mainframes are also used as e-commerce servers, handling transactions over the Internet, banks, insurance companies, manufacturers, mail-order companies, and airlines are typical users. Mainframes are often ‘servers’-- computers that control the networks of computers for large companies like Indian Railway Reservation System.

A Mainframe Computer Terminals Central Processing Unit

Printers

Storage Disks

Mainframe System

Minicomputers/Workstations 

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Mini computers, or Workstations, were computers that are one step above the micro or personal computers and a step below mainframe computers. They are intended to serve one user, but contain special hardware enhancements not found on a personal computer. They run operating systems that are normally associated with mainframe computers, usually one of the variants of the UNIX operating system. In the mid 1990s, most software venders dropped support for these machines, as personal computers reached the processing capabilities of Mini computers and Workstations.

Microcomputers 

Microcomputers are popularly called as personal computers .

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The price of a microcomputer varies greatly, depending on the capacity and features of the computer.

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Microcomputers make up the vast majority of computers.

Notebook 

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Another classification of computer is the notebook computer. A notebook computer can fit into a briefcase and weigh fewer than two pounds(1kg approx), yet it can compete with the microcomputer. A larger, heavier version is called a laptop computer. Notebooks generally cost more than microcomputers but can run most of the microcomputer software and are more versatile. Like other computers, notebook computers are getting faster, lighter, and more functional

Personal Digital Assistant 

The smallest computer is the handheld computer called a personal digital assistant or a PDA.

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PDAs are used to track appointments and shipments as well as names and addresses.

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PDAs are called pen-based computers because they utilize a pen-like stylus that accepts hand-written input directly on a touch-sensitive screen.

Classification of Computer: 1.

For individual use

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Desktop computers Workstations Notebook computers Tablet computers Handheld computers Smart phones

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For Organizational Use

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Mainframe computers Super computer

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Computers for Individual Use 

Computers can be shared by multiple users but can be used by only one person at a time.

Computers for Individual Use  Although

PCs are used by individuals, they also can be connected together to create networks.

Computers for Individual Use  Desktop   

computers

The most common type of computer Sits on the desk or floor Performs a variety of tasks

Computers for Individual Use  Desktop 

computers

Different design types

Computers for Individual Use  Workstations   

Specialized computers Optimized for science or graphics More powerful than a desktop

Computers for Individual Use  Notebook  

computers

Small portable computers Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds

Computers for Individual Use  Notebook  

computers

About 8 ½ by 11 inches Typically as powerful as a desktop

Computers for Individual Use 

Tablet computers  Newest development in portable computers  Input is through a pen  Run specialized versions of office products

Computers for Individual Use  Handheld

computers, palm computer

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Very small computers Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) Note taking or contact management

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Data can synchronize with a desktop

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Computers for Individual Use  Smart

phones

Hybrid of cell phone and PDA  Web surfing, e-mail access 

Computers for Organizations  Mainframes  

as Network servers

Centralized computer All other computers connect

Computers for Organizations  Mainframes  

as Network servers

Provides access to network resources Multiple servers are called server farms

Computers for Organizations  Mainframes  

Large and powerful systems Used in large organizations

Computers for Organizations  Mainframes  

Handle thousands of users Users access through a terminal

Computers for Organizations 

Supercomputers 

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The most powerful computers made Handle large and complex calculations Process trillions of operations per second Found in research organizations

END OF SESSION-1