Circulatory System

Circulatory System Chapter 19

Circulatory System

• Purpose – –Carries needed substances to cells and carries wastes away

• Cardiovascular system – heart, vessels & blood

Materials Transported by Blood • Needed Materials: – Oxygen and Sugar

• Wastes: – Carbon Dioxide

• Disease fighers: – White blood cells.

Heart

• Hollow muscle that pumps blood. • Located in center of chest • Each beat pushes blood through the Circ. System.

Heart Structure • Two Chambers – Atrium & Ventricle • Atria – Upper chamber – receives blood • Ventricle – Lower chamber – pumps blood out • Valve – prevents backward blood flow.

Human Heart

Blood Vessels

• Arteries – main vessels carry blood from heart • Capillaries – carry blood from arteries to body parts • Veins – carry blood back to heart

Heartbeat Regulation

• A pacemaker regulates the heartbeat. –Located in Right Atrium. –Sends signals for contraction to adjust to body activity.

Blood Loops -- Loop 1 • To the Lungs and Back –Oxygen poor blood comes into the right atrium from body (dark red) –Pumped into right ventricle –Pumped to lungs –Lungs pump in Oxygen and remove CO2 blood is now bright red.

Blood Loops – Loop 2 • Heart to Body –Left Atrium fills with blood from lungs –Pumped into Left Ventricle –Pumped into Aorta – largest artery in body –Blood pumped to rest of body –Cycle continues

Loop 1

Loop 2

Blood Loops • Loop 1 – –Blood comes from body to heart. –Passed to lungs –Gets rid of CO2 gains O2

• Loop 2 –Blood comes from lungs –Pumped to Body –Loses O2 gains CO2

End of Lesson 1

Lesson Two Blood Vessels & Blood

Blood Vessels -- Arteries

• Flow from heart to body. • Have thick 3 wall structure. –Allows arteries to be flexible and strong –Rope example.

Capillaries

• Capillaries have a single wall –In capillaries materials are exchanged between blood and body cells. –Moves by a process of diffusion (remember the egg??)

Veins

• Carry blood back to heart • Have 3 wall structure like artery. • Rely on skeletal muscles, breathing and valves for blood flow.

Blood

Blood Components

• Blood has four components 2.Plasma 3.Red Blood Cells 4.White Blood Cells 5.Platelets.

Plasma

• Carries most of the nutrients • 90% water + 10% nutrients • Protein is a vital nutrient in plasma. –Regulates water in blood, fights disease and helps to clot.

Protein gives plasma a yellow color.

Red Blood Cells

• Transport Oxygen in blood • Made of Hemoglobin which attach to Oxygen.

White Blood Cells

• Originate in bone marrow • Are Disease Fighters –Can be a Paul Revere –Can be a rogue fighter –Can be a gang fighter.

Red Blood Cell

White Blood Cell

Platelets

• Form blood clots so you don’t bleed to death. • Releases Fibrin which forms a net across a cut blood vessel. • A scab is a dried clot.

Human Red Blood Cells, Platelets and Tlymphocyte (erythocytes = red; platelets = yellow;

End of Lesson Two

Respiratory System

Respiratory System

•Function: –Move O2 into the body. Move CO2 and H20 out of the body.

Respiration

• Process by which the body takes in Oxygen and sugar to release energy • Oxygen + Sugar = Carbon Dioxide and Water

Breathing vs. Respiration

• Breathing = intake and release of gasses • Respiration = previous slide

Path of Air

• Nose > Pharynx > Trachea > Bronchi • Nose – warms air, filters stuff through mucus, mucus gets swallowed and destroyed.

Path of Air • Pharynx or Throat is simply a tube for air and food. • Trachea – Windpipe – Functions like the nose – Responsible for coughs – Blockage causes choking.

Path of Air • Bronchi –Direct air into lungs –Branch into lungs like tree limbs. –Alveoli are found at the end of the Bronchi

Gas Exchange

• Air enters lung, Oxygen passes through Alveoli into capillaries. • Carbon Dioxide and Water pass through capillaries into lungs.

End of Lesson

Breathing

How do you breathe? Inhale • Rib muscles contract – lift chest wall • Diaphragm moves downward. Exhale • Rib muscles and Diaphragm relax. • Chest cavity becomes smaller

How do you speak?

• Vocal chords contract as air pushed through them. • Vocal chords shorten and lengthen to produce different pitches. • Think of a balloon.

End of Lesson

Smoking and its effects

What’s in a smoke?

• Along with Tobacco, Tar, Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide are found in most cigarettes.

Tar • What is it? – Dark sticky gunk that forms from burning tobacco.

• Why is it bad? – Clogs cilia – which filter air for your lungs. – No filter = more gunk in your lungs. – Tar also contains chemicals which may cause cancer. (think chimney)

Carbon Monoxide • Gas produced by burning - car exhaust. • Binds to hemoglobin which prevents blood from getting Oxygen. • Causes heart to beat faster. • Less Oxygen and higher heartbeat = can lead to heart trouble, maybe death.

Nicotine

• Nicotine is a chemical • It speeds up the nervous system –Like heartbeat

• It is addictive

Respiratory Problems • Chronic Bronchitis – Irritation of breathing passages – think constant wheezing • Emphysema – destroys lung tissue – can’t get enough Oxygen and can’t get rid of CO2 • Lung Cancer – Cancerous growth takes place of good lung tissue. Tough to detect early.

Circulatory Problems