Chem Project.docx

AIM To check presence of ions in toothpaste and determine the quality.

Page | 1

ACKNOWLEDGMENT It would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincere thanks to my chemistry teacher Mr Paresh Thakur in providing a helping hand in this project.

Page | 2

INDEX CONTENTS

PAGE NUMBER

THEORY

4

APPARATUS REQUIRED

5

CHEMICALS REQUIRED

6

TOOTHPASTE- COLGATE

7

TOOTHPASTE- CLOSE UP

8

TOOTHPASTE- PATANJALI

9

CHEMICAL REACTIONS

10

CONCLUSION

11

PHOTOGRAPHS

12

BIBLIOGRAPHY

13

Page | 3

THEORY  Every toothpaste contains the following ingredients: binders, abrasives, humectants, flavours, sweeteners, fluorides, tooth whiteners, a preservative and water.

 Binders thicken toothpaste- they prevent separation of the solid and liquid component, especially storage.

 They also effect the speed and volume of foam production, rate of flavour release and product dispersal, the appearance of toothpaste ribbon on the toothbrush.

 Some binders are gum solid alignate, methyl cellulose, carrageen and magnesium aluminium silicate.

Page | 4

APPARATUS REQUIRED 1. Test Tubes 2. Beakers 3. Droppers 4. Test Tube Holder 5. Water Bath 6. Sample of three toothpastes 7. Thermometer 8. Glass rod

Page | 5

CHEMICALS REQUIRED 1. Magnesium sulphate 2. Ammonium hydroxide 3. Silver nitrate 4. Oxalic acid 5. Potassium iodide 6. Ammonium phosphate

Page | 6

TOOTHPASTE 1- COLGATE EXPERIMENT

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

TAKE APART OF THE SOLUTION AND ADD MgSO4 SOLUTION. TAKE A PART OF SOLUTION AND ADD AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE(1-2ML) TAKE A PART OF SOLUTION AND ADD MAGNESIUM MIXTURE (MIXTURE OF NH4Cl AND NH4OH) ACIDIFY A PORTION OF AQUEOUS SOLUTION WITH DILUTE HNO3. BOIL AND COOL AND ADD AgNO3 TAKE SMALL QUANTITY OF SOLUTION AND ADD OXALIC ACID PREPARE THE PASTE OF IT WITH A FEW DROPS OF WATER RUB AND SMELL TO ONE PART OF SOLUTION ADD KI ADD SOLID NH4OH IN SLIGHT EXCESS AND THEN ADD AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE

FORMATION WHITE OF PPT

CO32- CONFIRMED

FORMATION OF WHITE PPT

Ca2+ CONFRIMED

FORMATION OF WHITE PPT

PO4 2- CONFRIMED.

YELLOW PPT IS FORMED WHICH IS IN SOLUBLE IN NH4OH

I- IS CONFRIMED

SMELLS LIKE THAT OF VINEGAR

CH3COOCONFIRMED

NO REACTION

Pb2+ ABSENT

NO WHITE PPT IS FORMED

Mg2+ ABSENT

Page | 7

TOOTHPASTE 2- CLOSE UP EXPERIMENT

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

TAKE APART OF THE SOLUTION AND ADD MgSO4 SOLUTION. TAKE A PART OF SOLUTION AND ADD AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE(1-2ML) TAKE A PART OF SOLUTION AND ADD MAGNESIUM MIXTURE (MIXTURE OF NH4Cl AND NH4OH) ACIDIFY A PORTION OF AQUEOUS SOLUTION WITH DILUTE HNO3. BOIL AND COOL AND ADD AgNO3 TAKE SMALL QUANTITY OF SOLUTION AND ADD OXALIC ACID PREPARE THE PASTE OF IT WITH A FEW DROPS OF WATER RUB AND SMELL TO ONE PART OF SOLUTION ADD KI ADD SOLID NH4OH IN SLIGHT EXCESS AND THEN ADD AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE

FORMATION WHITE OF PPT

CO32- CONFIRMED

FORMATION OF WHITE PPT

Ca2+ CONFRIMED

FORMATION OF WHITE PPT

PO4 2- CONFRIMED.

YELLOW PPT IS FORMED WHICH IS IN SOLUBLE IN NH4OH

I- IS CONFRIMED

SMELLS LIKE THAT OF VINEGAR

CH3COOCONFIRMED

NO REACTION

Pb2+ ABSENT

A WHITE PPT IS FORMED

Mg2+ ABSENT

Page | 8

TOOTHPASTE 2- PATANJALI EXPERIMENT

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

TAKE APART OF THE SOLUTION AND ADD MgSO4 SOLUTION. TAKE A PART OF SOLUTION AND ADD AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE(1-2ML) TAKE A PART OF SOLUTION AND ADD MAGNESIUM MIXTURE (MIXTURE OF NH4Cl AND NH4OH) ACIDIFY A PORTION OF AQUEOUS SOLUTION WITH DILUTE HNO3. BOIL AND COOL AND ADD AgNO3 TAKE SMALL QUANTITY OF SOLUTION AND ADD OXALIC ACID PREPARE THE PASTE OF IT WITH A FEW DROPS OF WATER RUB AND SMELL TO ONE PART OF SOLUTION ADD KI ADD SOLID NH4OH IN SLIGHT EXCESS AND THEN ADD AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE

FORMATION WHITE OF PPT

CO32- CONFIRMED

FORMATION OF WHITE PPT

Ca2+ CONFRIMED

NO FORMATION OF WHITE PPT

PO4 2- ABSENT

NO PPT FORMED

I- ABSENT

NO SMELLS LIKE THAT OF VINEGAR

CH3COO- ABSENT

NO REACTION

Pb2+ ABSENT

A WHITE PPT IS FORMED

Mg2+ ABSENT

Page | 9

CHEMICAL REACTIONS 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠

1. 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝑀𝑔𝑆𝑂4 →

𝑀𝑔𝐶𝑂3 + 𝑆𝑂4

𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠

2. 𝐶𝑂3 + 2𝐶𝐻2 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 →

(𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂)2𝐶𝑎 + 𝐻2 𝑂

𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠

3. (𝐶𝐻3 𝐶00)2𝐶𝑎 + (𝑁𝐻4 )2 𝐶2 𝑂4 →

𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠

4. 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝑃𝑂4 + 𝑀𝑔𝐶𝑙2 + 𝑁𝐻4 𝑂𝐻 →

𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠

5. 𝐼 + 𝐴𝑔𝑁𝑂3 →

𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠

𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠

𝑀𝑔(𝑁𝐻4 )𝑃𝑂4 + 2𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻2 𝑂

𝑁𝑂3 + 𝐴𝑔𝐼(𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑝𝑝𝑡)

6. (𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻)2 + 2𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑁𝑎 →

7. 𝑃𝑏 + 2𝐾𝐼 →

2𝐶𝐻𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑁𝐻4 + 𝐶𝑎𝐶2 𝑂4

𝑁𝑜 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑁𝑜 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠

8. 𝑀𝑔𝐶𝑙2 + 𝑁𝐻4 𝑂𝐻 + (𝑁𝐻3 )2𝐻𝑃𝑂4 →

𝑀𝑔(𝑁𝐻4 )𝑃𝑂4 + 2𝑁𝐻4 + 𝐻2 𝑂

Page | 10

CONCLUSION After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of toothpastes namely  Colgate  Close up  Patanjali  All contain Ca2+ and CO32 Mg2+ and Pb2+ are absent in all Hence Patanjali toothpaste is preferable due to absence of a greater number of ions then Colgate followed by Closeup. o Patanjali Dant Kanti Toothpaste is herbal toothpaste containing herbs and some ayurvedic ingredients. o It improves the health of the teeth and gums. It helps to protect the teeth and gums from infections. o Regular brushing of teeth using this toothpaste can help to prevent cavities in the tooth. It can also help to prevent and reduce pain in the gums and teeth. o People suffering from gingivitis caused by the inflammation of the gums can also use this toothpaste to control the disease. Page | 11

PHOTOGRAPHS

Page | 12

bibliography  www.slideshare.net  www.pdfcoke.com

Page | 13