Chem
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DOLORSO, Vina Marie O. 04, 2009 ThFS 10:30 – 11:30
July
Assignment # 03 Proteins I.
Proteins
Proteins are large, organic, nitrogen-containing molecules that are essential both to the structure and to the function of all living cells. Exceedingly complex themselves, the protein molecules have as their structural units much simpler compounds called amino acids. Typically, the amino acids in each molecule are strung together in chain-like fashion, with the longer chains folded into ribbons, spirals, and other three-dimensional forms. One of protein's main functions is to serve as "raw material" for the growth, maintenance and repair of all living tissues. Proteins make up at least 50 percent of most animal cells and they constitute much of the solid matter in muscles, organs, and endocrine glands. Specialized proteins (keratins, for instance) are used to form skin, hair, and nails; other proteins (collagen) help form connective tissue; and still others ( globulins and albumins) make up the soluble or semi-soluble molecules of all cells. http://www.bookrags.com/research/protein-wsd/ II.
• • • •
General Characteristics of Protein Proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in virtually every process within cells. Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which form a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. Proteins are also necessary in animals' diets, since animals cannot synthesize all the amino acids they need and must obtain essential amino acids from food. Proteins can be informally divided into three main classes, which correlate with typical tertiary structures: globular proteins, fibrous proteins, and membrane proteins. Almost all globular proteins are soluble and many are enzymes. Fibrous proteins are often structural, such as collagen, the major component of connective tissue, or keratin, the protein component of hair and nails. Membrane proteins often serve as receptors or provide channels for polar or charged molecules to pass through the cell membrane. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein
III.
Common Amino Acids
Group #1 - This group includes all the amino acids possessing aliphatic properties (those whose carbon atoms are joined in open chains),
Glycine
Alanine
Leucine
Valine
Serine
Threonine
Isoleucine Group #2 - These are the Sulfur containing amino acids,
Methionine Cystine
Cysteine Group #3 - These amino acids are the acidic amino acids, (those that can donate a hydrogen ion),
Aspartic Acid
Glutamic Acid, and their associated amids. Group #4 - These are the diamino acids (those with additional NH2 groups),
Arginine
Lysine. Group #5 - These are the cyclic and aromatic amino acids,
Phenylalanine,
Tyrosine,
Tryptophan,
Histidine,
Proline, and Hydroxyproline
Prolamine.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_standard_amino_acids http://pages.prodigy.net/naturedoctor/protein.html
July
Assignment # 03 Proteins I.
Proteins
Proteins are large, organic, nitrogen-containing molecules that are essential both to the structure and to the function of all living cells. Exceedingly complex themselves, the protein molecules have as their structural units much simpler compounds called amino acids. Typically, the amino acids in each molecule are strung together in chain-like fashion, with the longer chains folded into ribbons, spirals, and other three-dimensional forms. One of protein's main functions is to serve as "raw material" for the growth, maintenance and repair of all living tissues. Proteins make up at least 50 percent of most animal cells and they constitute much of the solid matter in muscles, organs, and endocrine glands. Specialized proteins (keratins, for instance) are used to form skin, hair, and nails; other proteins (collagen) help form connective tissue; and still others ( globulins and albumins) make up the soluble or semi-soluble molecules of all cells. http://www.bookrags.com/research/protein-wsd/ II.
• • • •
General Characteristics of Protein Proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in virtually every process within cells. Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which form a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. Proteins are also necessary in animals' diets, since animals cannot synthesize all the amino acids they need and must obtain essential amino acids from food. Proteins can be informally divided into three main classes, which correlate with typical tertiary structures: globular proteins, fibrous proteins, and membrane proteins. Almost all globular proteins are soluble and many are enzymes. Fibrous proteins are often structural, such as collagen, the major component of connective tissue, or keratin, the protein component of hair and nails. Membrane proteins often serve as receptors or provide channels for polar or charged molecules to pass through the cell membrane. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein
III.
Common Amino Acids
Group #1 - This group includes all the amino acids possessing aliphatic properties (those whose carbon atoms are joined in open chains),
Glycine
Alanine
Leucine
Valine
Serine
Threonine
Isoleucine Group #2 - These are the Sulfur containing amino acids,
Methionine Cystine
Cysteine Group #3 - These amino acids are the acidic amino acids, (those that can donate a hydrogen ion),
Aspartic Acid
Glutamic Acid, and their associated amids. Group #4 - These are the diamino acids (those with additional NH2 groups),
Arginine
Lysine. Group #5 - These are the cyclic and aromatic amino acids,
Phenylalanine,
Tyrosine,
Tryptophan,
Histidine,
Proline, and Hydroxyproline
Prolamine.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_standard_amino_acids http://pages.prodigy.net/naturedoctor/protein.html
