Chapter02 Handouts

  • October 2019
  • PDF

This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA


Overview

Download & View Chapter02 Handouts as PDF for free.

More details

  • Words: 1,361
  • Pages: 8
A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC

You Will Learn… z

About operating systems, what they are, and what they do

z

How an OS interfaces with users, applications, and hardware

z

How system resources help hardware and software communicate

Fifth Edition

Chapter 2

How Hardware and Software Work Together

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

Introducing Operating Systems

OS as a Middleman

z

Software that controls a computer

z

Acts as a middleman between applications and hardware

z

Two main internal components ‹

Shell

‹

Kernel

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

3

The Shell and the Kernel

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

4

Common Operating Systems z z z

z z z z A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

2

5

DOS Windows 9x Windows NT, Windows 2000, and Windows XP Unix Linux OS/2 Mac OS

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

6

1

What an Operating System Does

How an OS Provides a User Interface

z

Provides user interface

z

Command-driven interfaces

z

Stores, retrieves, and manipulates files and folders

z

Menu-driven interfaces

z

Icon-driven interfaces

z

Manages applications

z

Manages hardware

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

7

9

Tracks, Sectors, and Clusters

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

8

How an OS Manages Files and Folders

A Menu-Driven Interface

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

z

Uses file system (FAT or NTFS) to track how clusters are used for each stored file

z

Uses directories, subdirectories, and files

z

Uses partitions and logical drives on hard drive

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

10

Files and Directories

11

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

12

2

How an OS Manages Applications

Partitions and Logical Drives

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

13

Loading Application Software Using the Windows Desktop z

Shortcut icon

z

Start menu

z

Run command

z

Windows Explorer or My Computer

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

15

z

CPU processes 16 bits of data at one time

‹

Software has “real” access to hardware

z

Manages data in memory and in secondary storage

z

Performs other background tasks

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

z

CPU processes 32 bits of data at one time

‹

More than one program can be running, each one “protected” from others

‹

z

Uses preemptive multitasking

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

16

16-bit software ‹

Written for Windows 3.x

‹

Accesses data 16 bits at a time

‹

Programs should not infringe on resources of other programs that are running

Protected (32-bit) operating mode ‹

14

16-Bit and 32-Bit Software

Real (16-bit) operating mode ‹

Provides access to hardware resources

Using a Shortcut Icon to Load Software

Real and Protected Operating Modes z

z

32-bit software ‹

17

Written for Windows 95 and later Windows OSs

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

18

3

How an OS Manages Hardware z

Uses device drivers or the BIOS (system BIOS, startup BIOS, or CMOS setup) to interface with hardware

z

Trend is to manage devices with device drivers rather than BIOS

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

19

How an OS Uses Device Drivers to Manage Hardware z

Device drivers provide OS with software necessary to control devices

z

16-bit read-mode drivers ‹

z

How an OS Manages Hardware (continued)

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

20

How an OS Uses System BIOS to Manage Devices z

To communicate with simple devices (eg, floppy drives or keyboards)

z

To access the hard drive

Supported by Windows 95/98

32-bit protected-mode drivers ‹

Supported by Windows 95/98, Windows Me, and Windows NT/2000/XP

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

21

Using System BIOS

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

22

Using System BIOS (continued)

23

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

24

4

System Resources

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

System Resources (continued)

25

System Bus Components

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

Depend on certain lines on a bus on motherboard

z

System bus components ‹

Data bus carries data

‹

Address bus communicates addresses (memory addresses and I/O addresses)

‹

Control bus controls communication (IRQs and DMA channels)

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

26

Interrupt Request Number (IRQ)

27

Common Assignments for First Eight IRQs

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

z

z

Line on a bus that device needing service uses to alert the CPU

z

Managed by interrupt controller on motherboard ‹

Early motherboards: eight IRQs

‹

Second group of IRQs and second interrupt controller have been added to accommodate need for more devices

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

28

Second IRQ Controller

29

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

30

5

Viewing IRQ Assignments (continued)

Viewing IRQ Assignments z

Microsoft Diagnostic Utility (MSD) for DOS

z

Device Manager for Windows 2000/XP and Windows 9x

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

31

Viewing IRQ Assignments (continued)

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

Memory Addresses

33

Memory Addresses (continued)

z

Hexadecimal numbers assigned to RAM and ROM so the CPU can access both

z

Used to access physical memory

z

Often written in segment:offset form (eg, C800:5)

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

34

I/O Addresses z

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

32

35

Numbers CPU can use to access hardware devices

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

36

6

Common Assignments for I/O Addresses

I/O Addresses (continued)

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

37

Direct Memory Access (DMA) Channels z

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

38

DMA Channels

Shortcut method that lets an I/O device send data directly to memory, bypassing the CPU

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

39

OS Tools to Examine a System z

Device Manager

z

System Information utility

z

Microsoft Diagnostic Utility (MSD)

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

40

Device Manager z

41

Primary tool used to manage hardware devices under Windows 2000/XP and Windows 9x

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

42

7

Device Manager ( continued)

System Information Utility z

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

43

Using Windows System Information

BIOS version in use

‹

Directory where OS is installed

‹

How system resources are used

‹

Information about drivers and their status

‹

Additional information about software 44

Microsoft Diagnostic Utility (MSD)

45

Using MSD

Useful for viewing information about the system, including: ‹

Memory

‹

Video

‹

Ports

‹

Device drivers

‹

System resources

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

46

Summary z

How hardware and software work together

z

Different operating systems

z

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

‹

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

z

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

Gives similar, but more, information than Device Manager

47

‹

What they do

‹

How they work to control hardware devices

How an OS provides the interface that users and applications need to command and use hardware devices

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

48

8

Related Documents

Chapter02 Handouts
October 2019 8
Chapter02
June 2020 9
Chapter02
November 2019 9
Chapter02(1)
November 2019 5
Handouts
November 2019 48
Handouts
November 2019 50