Chapter 5 Gp 7, 8 And 9

Chapter 5 gp 7, 8 and 9 Psych 30

7. How does social interaction with adults advance cognitive competence? • 'Guided participation' refers to the coordination and communication between persons as they co-participate in culturally valued activities. The 'guidance' in guided participation includes influence of cultural and social values, as well as imitation of more experienced social partners

7. How does social interaction with adults advance cognitive competence? • The 'participation' refers to both handson involvement of an activity and to observation of both one's self and the other.

7. How does social interaction with adults advance cognitive competence? • In guided participation both actors are active; the learning is more by doing than by telling or being told. Guided participation emphasizes the importance of activity, engagement, observation, and joint-action. So Guided participation is when the adult participates in a child’s activity in a way that strengthens the child’s understanding.

8. How do babies develop language? •

Language is a crucial area of cognitive development – the components that are important in language development are • maturation of the physical structures necessary to produce sounds • the neural connections necessary to associate sounds and meanings must be in place • social interactions with adults to promote literacy.

8. How do babies develop language? • • • • • • • • • • • •

Language Milestones(also see page 178 table 5-4) Milestones related to speech and language: Birth to 5 months coos vocalizes pleasure and displeasure sounds (laughs, giggles, cries, or fusses) makes noise when talked to 6 to 11 months understands "no-no" babbles (says "ba-ba-ba") says ma-ma or da-da without meaning tries to communicate by actions or gestures tries to repeat your sounds says first word

12 to 17 month s

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answers simple questions nonverbally says two to three words to label a person or object (pronunciation may not be clear) tries to imitate simple words vocabulary of four to six words

Continued •

18 to 23 months

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correctly pronounces most vowels and n, m, p, h, especially in the beginning of syllables and short wordsalso begins to use other speech sounds. vocabulary of 50 words, pronunciation is often unclear asks for common foods by name makes animal sounds such as "moo" starting to combine words such as "more milk" begins to use pronouns such as "mine" uses two word phrases

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continued 2 to 3 years

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knows some spatial concepts such as "in," "on" knows pronouns such as "you," "me," "her" knows descriptive words such as "big," "happy" vocabulary of 250 to 900 words uses three word sentences speech is becoming more accurate but may still leave off ending sounds- strangers may not be able to understand much of what is said answers simple questions begins to use more pronouns such as "you," "I" fuses questions inflection to ask for something such as "my ball?" begins to use plurals such as "shoes" or "socks" and regular past tense verbs such as "jumped"

continued 3 to 4 years • • •

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groups objects such as foods, clothes, etc. identifies colors uses most speech sounds but may distort some of the more difficult sounds such as l, r, s, sh, ch, y, v, z, th- these sounds may not be fully mastered until age 7 or 8 uses consonants in the beginning, middle, and ends of words- some of the more difficult consonants may be distorted, but attempts to say them strangers are able to understand much of what is said able to describe the use of objects such as "fork," "car," etc. has fun with language- enjoys poems and recognizes language absurdities such as, "is that an elephant on your head?" expresses ideas and feelings rather than just talking about the world around him/her

9. What influences contribute to the linguistic process? • Maturation of the brain • The regions of the brain most closely associated with language do not fully mature until late preschool years and some parts not until adulthood.

9. What influences contribute to the linguistic process? • The brainstem and pons – control cries of new baby. (Remember this is a primitive part of the brain – earliest to develop) • The motor cortex controls movement of the face and larynx ( muscle movement which must be coordinated for speech to occur)

9. What influences contribute to the linguistic process? • Language is a social interaction – adults help children learn to speak by • adding vocabulary words • parroting and adding modifiers to the child’s words

9. What influences contribute to the linguistic process? • using Child Directed Speech • Child Directed speech is a pattern of speech which includes • Simplified words • High pitched voice • Much repetition • Emphasize on vowel sounds • End of ch 5 good luck on test